Objective To investigate the relationship of four single nucleotide polymorphism （SNP） haplotypes in the angiotensinogen （AGT） gene to the primary hypertension with or without cerebral infarction in the Li nationa...Objective To investigate the relationship of four single nucleotide polymorphism （SNP） haplotypes in the angiotensinogen （AGT） gene to the primary hypertension with or without cerebral infarction in the Li nationality of Hainan, China. Methods Total 300 subjects were allocated into three different groups： Groupl, 100 patients who have primary hypertension; Group 2, 100 patients who have primary hypertension with cerebral infarction; and control group, 100 healthy individuals. The genotypes of all subjects were determined by PCR-sequencing to analyze the four poly- morphisms at position - 152 （G-A）, -20 （A-C）, - 18 （C-T）, and -6 （A-G） in the promoter region of AGT. Results The frequen- cies ofCT genotype of AGT-18 and T allele in Group 1 （P = 0.003, P = 0.004） and Group 2 （P = 0.002, P = 0.002） were both significantly higher than in healthy controls. The frequency of G allele of AGT-6 was significantly higher in Group 2 than in the control group （P = 0.016）, while there is no significant difference between Group 1 and the control. Haplotype analysis revealed that H6 haplotype frequency which included -20C and -6G was significantly increased in Group 2 （P = 0.003） compared with the control group, while H5 haplotype frequency which included -20C and -18T was signifi- cantly increased in Group 1 （P = 0.006） versus the control. Conclusion The -20 （A-C） and - 18 （C-T） of the AGT may play an important role in pathogenesis of primary hypertension; and -20 （A-C）, -18 （C-T）, and -6 （A-G） may be the genetic risk factors for the onset of primary hypertension with cerebral infarction in the Li nationality of Halnan, China.展开更多
Ultrastructural features of nucleus degradation during programmed cell death (PCD) of starchy endosperm cells in rice ( Oryza sativa L.) were observed using transmission electron microscopy. Several distinct morpho...Ultrastructural features of nucleus degradation during programmed cell death (PCD) of starchy endosperm cells in rice ( Oryza sativa L.) were observed using transmission electron microscopy. Several distinct morphological features of PCD have been found in the developing starchy endosperm cells, e.g. nucleus deformation, chromatin condensation, nuclear envelope disruption, and nuclear matrix leakage. DNA ladder displayed a smear of large DNA fragments from nucleus and evident bands of small DNA fragments (140-180 bp) from both nucleus and cytoplasm. In contrast with the rapid nucleus degradation, cell organelles in cytoplasm, such as rough endoplasmic reticulum, amyloplast, and mitochondrion, maintained their metabolic functions for a longer time. Seed reserves were continually synthesized and accumulated in the starchy endosperm cells despite the nucleus degradation during the PCD process. These results suggest that starchy endosperm cells remain active during reserve material synthesis and accumulation in the PCD process. The specific relationships between nucleus and cytoplasm in the developing endosperm cells and the morphological changes of nucleus in the endosperm PCD process were also discussed.展开更多
[Objective] ＂Tapping panel dryness （TPD）＂, a syndrome known as tapping incision blocked partly or entirely during latex exploiting, has become the most important factor causing great losses for rubber production. ...[Objective] ＂Tapping panel dryness （TPD）＂, a syndrome known as tapping incision blocked partly or entirely during latex exploiting, has become the most important factor causing great losses for rubber production. Aiming to elucidate the molecular mechanism of tapping panel dryness occurrence, this study carried out molecular cloning and bioinformatical analysis of a mRPL21 cDNA sequence, a gene associated with TPD. [Method] In a preliminary study, an expressed sequence tag （EST） encoding a deduced protein homologous to mitochondrial 50S ribosomal protein L21 （mRPL21）, which showed to be down-regulated in the latex of TPD-affected rubber trees, was isolated by suppression subtractive hybridization （SSH）. After ESTs assembling and RT-PCR validation, an 853 bp cDNA sequence with an open reading frame （ORF） was cloned, which was named as HbmRPL21 under GenBank accession number of HM230670. [Result] Bioinformatical analysis suggests that HbmRPL21 encodes a deduced polypeptide of 271 amino acids with a theoretical molecular weight （Mw） of 30.52 kDa and isolectric point （pI） of 8.40, and HbmRPL21 is a mitochondrion-targeted protein with a conserved domain of Ribosomal_L21p involving translation. Homology analysis reveals high amino acid sequence identity of mRPL21 from plants, while diversity of that between plant and animal kingdom. [Conclusion] This study laid the basis for further revealing the biological functions of mRPL21 in TPD-affected rubber trees.展开更多
Objective: To investigate the effect of activation-induced cell death (AICD) on cellular immune function in the condyloma acuminatum(CA). Methods: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were isolated from normal he...Objective: To investigate the effect of activation-induced cell death (AICD) on cellular immune function in the condyloma acuminatum(CA). Methods: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were isolated from normal healthy individuals (control group) and patients with CA. PBMC were cultured with PHA-P for 48h in vitro. Apoptosis of the PBMC was detected by flow cytometry. Supernatant cytokines (IL-2 and IL-10) were assayed by ELISA. Results: The rate of PBMC apoptosis in both CA group and control group in fresh PBMC was very low and similar in both groups(P>0.05). The rate of PBMC apoptosis within the CA group was noticeably increased compared to that of the control (P<0.001)af-ter PBMC were cultured for 48h. The level of IL-2 was significantly lower in the CA group than in the control group (P<0.001), The level of IL-10 was significantly higher in the CA group compared to thecontrol group(P<0.001). Conclusion: Study results indicate that AICD may affect cellular mediated immune function and play an important role in the pathogenesis of CA.展开更多
DNA damage can, but does not always, induce cell death. While several pathways linking DNA damage signals to mitochondria-dependent and -independent death machineries have been elucidated, the connectivity of these pa...DNA damage can, but does not always, induce cell death. While several pathways linking DNA damage signals to mitochondria-dependent and -independent death machineries have been elucidated, the connectivity of these pathways is subject to regulation by multiple other factors that are not well understood. We have proposed two conceptual models to explain the delayed and variable cell death response to DNA damage： integrative surveillance versus autonomous pathways. In this review, we discuss how these two models may explain the in vivo regulation of cell death induced by ionizing radiation （IR） in the developing central nervous system, where the death response is regulated by radiation dose, cell cycle status and neuronal development.展开更多
AIM： To investigate the potential role of nuclear factor kappa-B （NF-κB） activation on the reactive oxygen species in rat acute necrotizing pancreatitis （ANP） and to assess the effect of pyrrolidine dithiocarbam...AIM： To investigate the potential role of nuclear factor kappa-B （NF-κB） activation on the reactive oxygen species in rat acute necrotizing pancreatitis （ANP） and to assess the effect of pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate （PDTC, an inhibitor of NF-κB）.METHODS： Rat ANP model was established by retrograde injection of 5% sodium taurocholate into biliopancreatic duct. Rats were randomly assigned to three groups （10 rats each）： Control group, ANP group and PDTC group. At the 6^th of the model, the changes of the serum amylase,nitric oxide （NO）, malondialdehyde （MDA）, superoxide dismutase （SOD） and pancreatic morphological damage were observed. The expressions of inducible nitric oxide （iNOS） were observed by SP immunohistochemistry. And bhe expressions of NF-κB p65 subunit mRNA were observed by hybridization in situ.RESULTS： Serum amylase and NO level decreased significantly in ANP group as compared with PDTC administrated group [（7 170.40＋1 308.63） U/L vs（4 074.10＋1 719.78） U/L,P〈0.05], [（76.95±9.04） μmol/L vs （65.18±9.02） μmol/L,P〈0.05] respectively. MDA in both ANP and PDTC group rose significantly over that in control group [（9.88＋1.52）nmol/L, （8.60±1.41） nmol/L, vs （6.04：hl.78） nmol/L,P〈0.05], while there was no significant difference between them. SOD levels in both ANP and PDTC group underwent a significant decrease as compared with that in control[（3 214.59±297.74） NU/mL, （3 260.62±229.44） NU/mL,vs（3 977.80＋309.09） NU/mL, P〈0.05], but there was no significant difference between them. Though they were still higher bhan those in Control group, pancreas destruction was slighter in PDTC group, iNOS expression and NF-κB p65 subunit mRNA expression were lower in PDTC group as compared with ANP group.CONCLUSION： We conclude that correlation among NF-κB activation, serum amylase, reactive oxygen species level and tissue damage suggests a key role of NF-κB in the pathogenesis of ANP. Inhibition of NF-κB activation may reverse the pancreatic damage of rat ANP and the production of reactive oxygen species.展开更多
Crohn's disease is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the gastrointestinal tract that is defi ned by relapsing and remitting episodes. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) appears to play a central role in the pat...Crohn's disease is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the gastrointestinal tract that is defi ned by relapsing and remitting episodes. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) appears to play a central role in the pathophysiology of the disease. Standard therapies for inflammatory bowel disease fail to induce remission in about 30% of patients. Biological therapies have been associated with an increased incidence of infections, especially infection by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Thalidomide is an oral immunomodulatory agent with anti-TNF-α properties. Recent studies have suggested that thalidomide is effective in refractory luminal and fistulizing Crohn's disease. Thalidomide costimulates T lymphocytes, with greater effect on CD8+ than on CD4+ T cells, which contributes to the protective immune response to Mtb infection. We present a case of Crohn's disease with gastric, ileal, colon and rectum involvement as well as steroid dependency, which progressed with loss of response to infliximabafter three years of therapy. The thorax computed tomography scan demonstrated a pulmonary nodule suspected to be Mtb infection. The patient was started on thalidomide therapy and exhibited an excellent response.展开更多
基金the Science Foundation of the Health Department of Hainan Province, China （No. 2005-65）.
文摘Objective To investigate the relationship of four single nucleotide polymorphism （SNP） haplotypes in the angiotensinogen （AGT） gene to the primary hypertension with or without cerebral infarction in the Li nationality of Hainan, China. Methods Total 300 subjects were allocated into three different groups： Groupl, 100 patients who have primary hypertension; Group 2, 100 patients who have primary hypertension with cerebral infarction; and control group, 100 healthy individuals. The genotypes of all subjects were determined by PCR-sequencing to analyze the four poly- morphisms at position - 152 （G-A）, -20 （A-C）, - 18 （C-T）, and -6 （A-G） in the promoter region of AGT. Results The frequen- cies ofCT genotype of AGT-18 and T allele in Group 1 （P = 0.003, P = 0.004） and Group 2 （P = 0.002, P = 0.002） were both significantly higher than in healthy controls. The frequency of G allele of AGT-6 was significantly higher in Group 2 than in the control group （P = 0.016）, while there is no significant difference between Group 1 and the control. Haplotype analysis revealed that H6 haplotype frequency which included -20C and -6G was significantly increased in Group 2 （P = 0.003） compared with the control group, while H5 haplotype frequency which included -20C and -18T was signifi- cantly increased in Group 1 （P = 0.006） versus the control. Conclusion The -20 （A-C） and - 18 （C-T） of the AGT may play an important role in pathogenesis of primary hypertension; and -20 （A-C）, -18 （C-T）, and -6 （A-G） may be the genetic risk factors for the onset of primary hypertension with cerebral infarction in the Li nationality of Halnan, China.
文摘Ultrastructural features of nucleus degradation during programmed cell death (PCD) of starchy endosperm cells in rice ( Oryza sativa L.) were observed using transmission electron microscopy. Several distinct morphological features of PCD have been found in the developing starchy endosperm cells, e.g. nucleus deformation, chromatin condensation, nuclear envelope disruption, and nuclear matrix leakage. DNA ladder displayed a smear of large DNA fragments from nucleus and evident bands of small DNA fragments (140-180 bp) from both nucleus and cytoplasm. In contrast with the rapid nucleus degradation, cell organelles in cytoplasm, such as rough endoplasmic reticulum, amyloplast, and mitochondrion, maintained their metabolic functions for a longer time. Seed reserves were continually synthesized and accumulated in the starchy endosperm cells despite the nucleus degradation during the PCD process. These results suggest that starchy endosperm cells remain active during reserve material synthesis and accumulation in the PCD process. The specific relationships between nucleus and cytoplasm in the developing endosperm cells and the morphological changes of nucleus in the endosperm PCD process were also discussed.
基金Supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for Rubber Research Institute, CATAS (1630022011014)Key Science and Technology Project of Hainan Province (90107)+1 种基金Basic Scientific Research Operational Fund for Central-level Public-interest Research Institutes (YWFZX2010-9)Special Fund for Science and Technology Research of Public Welfare Trades ( nyhyzx07-033-1)~~
文摘[Objective] ＂Tapping panel dryness （TPD）＂, a syndrome known as tapping incision blocked partly or entirely during latex exploiting, has become the most important factor causing great losses for rubber production. Aiming to elucidate the molecular mechanism of tapping panel dryness occurrence, this study carried out molecular cloning and bioinformatical analysis of a mRPL21 cDNA sequence, a gene associated with TPD. [Method] In a preliminary study, an expressed sequence tag （EST） encoding a deduced protein homologous to mitochondrial 50S ribosomal protein L21 （mRPL21）, which showed to be down-regulated in the latex of TPD-affected rubber trees, was isolated by suppression subtractive hybridization （SSH）. After ESTs assembling and RT-PCR validation, an 853 bp cDNA sequence with an open reading frame （ORF） was cloned, which was named as HbmRPL21 under GenBank accession number of HM230670. [Result] Bioinformatical analysis suggests that HbmRPL21 encodes a deduced polypeptide of 271 amino acids with a theoretical molecular weight （Mw） of 30.52 kDa and isolectric point （pI） of 8.40, and HbmRPL21 is a mitochondrion-targeted protein with a conserved domain of Ribosomal_L21p involving translation. Homology analysis reveals high amino acid sequence identity of mRPL21 from plants, while diversity of that between plant and animal kingdom. [Conclusion] This study laid the basis for further revealing the biological functions of mRPL21 in TPD-affected rubber trees.
文摘Objective: To investigate the effect of activation-induced cell death (AICD) on cellular immune function in the condyloma acuminatum(CA). Methods: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were isolated from normal healthy individuals (control group) and patients with CA. PBMC were cultured with PHA-P for 48h in vitro. Apoptosis of the PBMC was detected by flow cytometry. Supernatant cytokines (IL-2 and IL-10) were assayed by ELISA. Results: The rate of PBMC apoptosis in both CA group and control group in fresh PBMC was very low and similar in both groups(P>0.05). The rate of PBMC apoptosis within the CA group was noticeably increased compared to that of the control (P<0.001)af-ter PBMC were cultured for 48h. The level of IL-2 was significantly lower in the CA group than in the control group (P<0.001), The level of IL-10 was significantly higher in the CA group compared to thecontrol group(P<0.001). Conclusion: Study results indicate that AICD may affect cellular mediated immune function and play an important role in the pathogenesis of CA.
文摘DNA damage can, but does not always, induce cell death. While several pathways linking DNA damage signals to mitochondria-dependent and -independent death machineries have been elucidated, the connectivity of these pathways is subject to regulation by multiple other factors that are not well understood. We have proposed two conceptual models to explain the delayed and variable cell death response to DNA damage： integrative surveillance versus autonomous pathways. In this review, we discuss how these two models may explain the in vivo regulation of cell death induced by ionizing radiation （IR） in the developing central nervous system, where the death response is regulated by radiation dose, cell cycle status and neuronal development.
文摘AIM： To investigate the potential role of nuclear factor kappa-B （NF-κB） activation on the reactive oxygen species in rat acute necrotizing pancreatitis （ANP） and to assess the effect of pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate （PDTC, an inhibitor of NF-κB）.METHODS： Rat ANP model was established by retrograde injection of 5% sodium taurocholate into biliopancreatic duct. Rats were randomly assigned to three groups （10 rats each）： Control group, ANP group and PDTC group. At the 6^th of the model, the changes of the serum amylase,nitric oxide （NO）, malondialdehyde （MDA）, superoxide dismutase （SOD） and pancreatic morphological damage were observed. The expressions of inducible nitric oxide （iNOS） were observed by SP immunohistochemistry. And bhe expressions of NF-κB p65 subunit mRNA were observed by hybridization in situ.RESULTS： Serum amylase and NO level decreased significantly in ANP group as compared with PDTC administrated group [（7 170.40＋1 308.63） U/L vs（4 074.10＋1 719.78） U/L,P〈0.05], [（76.95±9.04） μmol/L vs （65.18±9.02） μmol/L,P〈0.05] respectively. MDA in both ANP and PDTC group rose significantly over that in control group [（9.88＋1.52）nmol/L, （8.60±1.41） nmol/L, vs （6.04：hl.78） nmol/L,P〈0.05], while there was no significant difference between them. SOD levels in both ANP and PDTC group underwent a significant decrease as compared with that in control[（3 214.59±297.74） NU/mL, （3 260.62±229.44） NU/mL,vs（3 977.80＋309.09） NU/mL, P〈0.05], but there was no significant difference between them. Though they were still higher bhan those in Control group, pancreas destruction was slighter in PDTC group, iNOS expression and NF-κB p65 subunit mRNA expression were lower in PDTC group as compared with ANP group.CONCLUSION： We conclude that correlation among NF-κB activation, serum amylase, reactive oxygen species level and tissue damage suggests a key role of NF-κB in the pathogenesis of ANP. Inhibition of NF-κB activation may reverse the pancreatic damage of rat ANP and the production of reactive oxygen species.
文摘Crohn's disease is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the gastrointestinal tract that is defi ned by relapsing and remitting episodes. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) appears to play a central role in the pathophysiology of the disease. Standard therapies for inflammatory bowel disease fail to induce remission in about 30% of patients. Biological therapies have been associated with an increased incidence of infections, especially infection by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Thalidomide is an oral immunomodulatory agent with anti-TNF-α properties. Recent studies have suggested that thalidomide is effective in refractory luminal and fistulizing Crohn's disease. Thalidomide costimulates T lymphocytes, with greater effect on CD8+ than on CD4+ T cells, which contributes to the protective immune response to Mtb infection. We present a case of Crohn's disease with gastric, ileal, colon and rectum involvement as well as steroid dependency, which progressed with loss of response to infliximabafter three years of therapy. The thorax computed tomography scan demonstrated a pulmonary nodule suspected to be Mtb infection. The patient was started on thalidomide therapy and exhibited an excellent response.
