Youth in Africa must be put in context： from colonialism to post-colonial politics underpinned by ethnic rivalry, tribalism, dictatorship, or the rule of strongmen. The context also included the more than one generat...Youth in Africa must be put in context： from colonialism to post-colonial politics underpinned by ethnic rivalry, tribalism, dictatorship, or the rule of strongmen. The context also included the more than one generation of perverse military rule. In each of the historical epochs, no African leadership built the youth; there was no ideology or a value system transmitted to the youth. Accordingly it becomes increasingly difficult in the twenty-first century attempting to mobilize the African youth as meaningful change agents. The possible exception to these failures was the Ghana Young Pioneers. The manifestation of this neglect in most parts of sub-Saharan Africa is the hoard of jobless youth involved in crime and other deviant behaviors. Thus to build the youth who will develop the society, African states will necessarily have to invest in the youth, evolve an ideology and an African world view, which will be transmitted to the youth, and which will constitute a driving force for their mobilization as critical agents of change.展开更多
Examinations of the German colonial empire often focus on questions of ideology, metropolitan politics, or seek to address questions related to the ＂special path＂ of German history. All too often, the German invader...Examinations of the German colonial empire often focus on questions of ideology, metropolitan politics, or seek to address questions related to the ＂special path＂ of German history. All too often, the German invaders are portrayed as omnipotent and intellectually superior to their African allies and opponents. This paper argues for the primacy of ＂events on the ground＂, and instead focuses on the initiative and choices made by local African actors during the protracted conflict between the Germans and the Hehe in German East Africa （modem Tanzania） in the 1890s. During this conflict, African elites sought to maximize their own power, wealth, and prestige by utilizing German resources to their own ends. Overall, this work argues for the centrality of African politics and policy-making during early colonialism.展开更多
This paper attempts to focus on Jorge Luis Borges’ short story The Gospel according To Mark. Borges, an Argentina short storywriter and translator, whose motherland is under long-term western colonization, identifi e...This paper attempts to focus on Jorge Luis Borges’ short story The Gospel according To Mark. Borges, an Argentina short storywriter and translator, whose motherland is under long-term western colonization, identifi es himself unconsciously with the western culture. Hisworks mostly touch upon the themes of religion and philosophy. Along with post-colonialism theory’s springing up, critics began to analyze hisworks from the post-colonial perspective. The author thinks that this short story with religious implication parallels to the cultural invasion in theperiod of colonization, from powerful culture to weaker one. The author, thus, aims to use Michael Foucault’s viewpoints concerning power andknowledge to probe into the western cultural hegemony and ideological invasion refl ected in this story. Besides, the loss and construction of theethnic identity of the colonized will be discussed in details.展开更多
文摘Youth in Africa must be put in context： from colonialism to post-colonial politics underpinned by ethnic rivalry, tribalism, dictatorship, or the rule of strongmen. The context also included the more than one generation of perverse military rule. In each of the historical epochs, no African leadership built the youth; there was no ideology or a value system transmitted to the youth. Accordingly it becomes increasingly difficult in the twenty-first century attempting to mobilize the African youth as meaningful change agents. The possible exception to these failures was the Ghana Young Pioneers. The manifestation of this neglect in most parts of sub-Saharan Africa is the hoard of jobless youth involved in crime and other deviant behaviors. Thus to build the youth who will develop the society, African states will necessarily have to invest in the youth, evolve an ideology and an African world view, which will be transmitted to the youth, and which will constitute a driving force for their mobilization as critical agents of change.
文摘Examinations of the German colonial empire often focus on questions of ideology, metropolitan politics, or seek to address questions related to the ＂special path＂ of German history. All too often, the German invaders are portrayed as omnipotent and intellectually superior to their African allies and opponents. This paper argues for the primacy of ＂events on the ground＂, and instead focuses on the initiative and choices made by local African actors during the protracted conflict between the Germans and the Hehe in German East Africa （modem Tanzania） in the 1890s. During this conflict, African elites sought to maximize their own power, wealth, and prestige by utilizing German resources to their own ends. Overall, this work argues for the centrality of African politics and policy-making during early colonialism.
文摘This paper attempts to focus on Jorge Luis Borges’ short story The Gospel according To Mark. Borges, an Argentina short storywriter and translator, whose motherland is under long-term western colonization, identifi es himself unconsciously with the western culture. Hisworks mostly touch upon the themes of religion and philosophy. Along with post-colonialism theory’s springing up, critics began to analyze hisworks from the post-colonial perspective. The author thinks that this short story with religious implication parallels to the cultural invasion in theperiod of colonization, from powerful culture to weaker one. The author, thus, aims to use Michael Foucault’s viewpoints concerning power andknowledge to probe into the western cultural hegemony and ideological invasion refl ected in this story. Besides, the loss and construction of theethnic identity of the colonized will be discussed in details.
