指纹图谱段带总量统计矩法对黄连解毒汤提取过程中成分变化的研究

目的建立中药复方提取过程中成分变化信息分析方法——指纹图谱段带总量统计矩法。方法运用指纹图谱段带统计矩法分析黄连解毒汤指纹图谱信息,阐述中药复方提取过程中成分变化情况。结果黄连解毒汤煎煮160 min后成分基本趋于稳定。黄连解毒汤合煎与单味药提取过程相比,某些成分被抑制,某些成分被促进,亦可能有新成分的出现。结论指纹图谱段带统计矩法可用于中药复方提取过程中成分变化信息及中药复方提取时间的研究。

基于指纹图谱段带总量统计矩法和信息熵的桑源药材成分比较分析研究

运用段带总量统计矩法和信息熵对桑枝、桑叶、桑白皮及桑椹4种桑源药材HPLC指纹图谱进行分析,研究桑不同入药部位化学成分及其印迹模板整体特征的差异,为寻找桑源药材"同源异效"药效物质提供基础。建立桑源药材桑枝、桑叶、桑白皮及桑椹各6批次的指纹图谱,通过计算其段带总量统计矩参数和信息熵,对桑源药材指纹图谱进行异同分析。桑源药材桑枝、桑叶、桑白皮及桑椹指纹图谱AUCT,MCRTT,VCRTT,H成对配对t检验P均小于0.05,具有显著性差异。其中,4味桑源药材均在3~11,20~24 min同时有吸收峰,说明4味桑源药材在上述相同时间段有相同或相似的化学成分,在34 min后,4味桑源药材均无吸收峰出现。4味桑源药材指纹图谱在保留时间3~4,16~18,25~27,31~32 min时VCRTT均较大,说明4味桑源药材间的成分在这些时间段内存在显著差异;且3~4,15~17 min,桑椹VCRTT明显高于其余3味药材;在8~10,28~30 min,桑白皮的VCRTT显著高于其余3味药材;21~23 min,4味桑源药材的VCRTT均较低,说明4味桑源药材在这一时间段色谱图内含有相同或相似的成分,但含量与配比可能存在差异。此外,桑枝在7~12,23~27 min处信息熵最大,桑椹在2~8 min处信息熵最大,说明桑枝、桑椹在相应时间段内成分响应较大,也是其化学成分的主要出峰时间段,对应此处的化学成分及相应药效。结果表明,桑源药材间成分和含量具有显著差异性,段带总量统计矩和信息熵可用于"同源异效"中药成分差异变化分析,为其确定质量标志物提供更为全面的分析方法。

A broad-band sub-harmonic mixer for W-band applications

In order to improve the bandwidth of the conventional sub-harmonic mixer, a broad-band, high intermediate frequency（IF） sub-harmonic mixer for W-band applications is proposed. Replacing the open and short stubs that are used in the convertional sub-harmonic mixer with a broad-band band-pass filter and a low-pass filter, respectively, a wide operating frequency band is achieved. Furthermore, without the use of the edge-coupled band-pass filter at radio frequency（RF） port, the proposed structure can be realized by common hybrid microwave integrated circuit technology at W- band. The measured results show that the proposed subharmonic mixer can operate from 80 to 107.5 GHz for RF frequency and support up to 18 GHz for the IF bandwidth. Also, the measured results show that the single-sideband conversion loss is less than 13. 7 dB over the available RF frequency band, while the minimum conversion loss is about 9 dB at an RF of 92. 5 GHz and an 1F of 3 GHz. Thus, a large operating bandwidth performance at W-band can be achieved by the orooosed mixer.

A Piecewise-Linear Compensated Bandgap Reference

A bandgap voltage reference is presented with a piecewise linear compensating circuit in order to reduce the temperature coefficient.The basic principle is to divide the whole operating temperature range into some sub ranges.At different temperature sub ranges the bandgap reference can be compensated by different linear functions.Since the temperature sub range is much narrower than the whole range,the compensation error can be reduced significantly.Theoretically,the precision can be improved unlimitedly if the sub ranges are narrow enough.In the given example,with only three temperature sub ranges,the temperature coefficient of a conventional bandgap reference drops from 1 5×10 -5 /℃ to 2×10 -6 /℃ over the -40℃ to 120℃ temperature range.

Biomass, litterfall and the nutrient fluxes in Chinese fir stands of different age in subtropical China

Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook.), a fast-growing, ever-green conifer tree with high yield and excellent quality, is the most important tree species of timber plantations in subtropical China. We investigated the characteristics of biomass, litterfall and nutrient fluxes in the 8, 14 and 24 year-old stands, representing the young, middle-aged and mature stands. The results showed that Chinese fir plantations in central Fujian province had high productivity, and the proportion of stem mass in total biomass was between 50%-70%. Chinese fir was low nutrient-return tree species with litterfall. Nutrient withdrawal from senescing needles was a strong age-dependence for nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium in Chinese fir. With a management system of such short-rotation and continuously pure-crop planting, harvesting timber can lead to great nutrient loss, which may be one of the causes for site degradation.

Compact dual-band bandpass filter for WLAN systems

A novel dual-band planar microstrip filter using parallel coupled microstrip lines and open-loop stepped-impedance resonators（SIRs）loaded with two shunt open stubs is presented.By tuning the physical lengths of open-loop SIRs,parallel coupled microstrip lines and two stubs,the bandpass filter has good dual-passband performance at 2.55 and 5.35 GHz and high isolation between the two passbands.The relative bandwidths of the two passbands are 11.8% and 16.8%,respectively.Compared with the conventional open-loop SIR filters,the designed filter has a comparatively broader fractional bandwidth at the second passband.So it can cover all the wireless LAN（local area network）bands.In addition,the filter has the features of low loss,high rejection and low ripple.The measured results are in good agreement with the simulated responses by HFSS software.

A 12～18GHz Wide Band VCO Based on Quasi-MMIC

Using an in-house MMIC and an off-chip,high-quality varactor, a novel wide band VCO covered Ku band is introduced. In contrast to HMIC technology, this method reduces the complexity of microchip assembly. More importantly,it overcomes the constraint that the standard commercial GaAs pHEMT MMIC process is usually not compatible with highquality varactors for VCO,and it significantly improves the phase noise and frequency tuning linearity performances compared to either MMIC or HMIC implementation. It is a novel and high-quality method to develop microwave and millimeter wave VCO.

Detecting Factor Ⅺ Deficiency in Holstein Cattle Using PCR Analysis

[Objective] This study established a method to detect Factor Ⅺ by polymerase chain reaction analysis.[Method]A pair of primers was designed and synthesized according to sequences of FⅪ gene in Holstein calves,published in Genbank. Polymerase chain reaction was used to analyze FⅪ deficiency of 576 Holstein calves in Henan,and the result was verified by DNA sequencing. [Result] We detect 576 cows,which include two carriers and one F Ⅺ deficiency,and the result was consistent with the DNA sequencing. The frequency of the FⅪ mutant allele was 0.3%,the carrier was 0.3%,the prevalence was 0.2%.[Conclusion]A method detecting FⅪ by polymerase chain reaction analysis was established. This method is not only simple and convenient,but also has a high accuracy and low cost,which is more suitable for large-scale FⅪ investigation.

Simulations of Aerosol Optical Properties to Top of Atmospheric Reflected Sunlight in the Near Infrared CO_2 Weak Absorption Band

Over the Asian continent,high aerosol loading is critical to ensure the high accuracy of CO_2 retrieval in the near infrared absorption band.Simulations were performed to explore the effect of light path modification by aerosol son the atmospheric CO_2 near infrared band(6140-6270 cm^(-1)).The Vector LInearized Discrete Ordinate Radiative Transfer(VLIDORT) model and the Line-By-Line Radiative Transfer Model(LBLRTM) were used for forward calculations.The U.S.standard atmosphere was used for atmospheric profiles.The results indicate that the aerosols caused similar effects to increases in CO_2 in the planetary boundary layer and became more significant with aerosol layer rising while aerosol optical depth was 0.1.This effect will cause an over estimation of the CO_2 mixing ratio in the retrieval process and an under estimation in the aerosol layer.The results also indicate that the effect of urban and industrial aerosols is smaller than that of non-absorbing and dust aerosols because of the nearly constant absorption properties in the near infrared band.

Design of S-Band Circularly Polarized Double-Layer Microstrip Antenna

This paper proposes a compact polarization microstrip antenna based on double-layer structure. The band- width of the whole antenna is widened by expanding the top and bottom layers respectively. After the design of antenna structure and adjustment of size, the proposed antenna can achieve both the left- and right-hand circular polariza- tions in 2.33 GHz--2.97 GHz. Measurement results indicate that the effective bandwidth is 640 MHz in S-band and the relative bandwidth can achieve 24% with S, less than- 15 dB.

Bimodal Volcano-Plutonic Complexes in the Northern Frames of Eastern Section of MongoI-Okhotsk Orogenic Belt

Mongol-Okhotsk orogenic belt was formed during almost all the Phanerozoic period. The bimodal late Paleozoic-early Mesozoic formations were stated in the frames of the western section of Mongol-Okhotsk belt. Their formation is connected with the collision of north Asian and Sino-Korean continents. These collision processes were conjugated with the dimensioned intraplate processes in the region. The rocks of the bimodal volcano-plutonic complex were also stated in the frames of the eastern section of Mongol-Okhotsk orogenic belt. This should proof the identity of geological processes, which accompanied the collision of north Asian and Sino-Korean continents, during all the stage of the formation of the Mongol-Okhotsk belt.

Holocene activity evidence on the southeast boundary fault of Heqing basin, middle segment of Heqing-Eryuan fault zone, West Yunnan Province, China

The Heqing-Eryuan fault is an important part of the active fault system in the Northwestern Yunnan Province, China. Thus, the study on the nature, characteristics and activity history of this fault can provide not only the basis for seismic safety and engineering evaluation, but also the important information for the characteristics, history and patterns of the structural deformation of the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau. Trench and faulted landforms investigations could provide effective paleoseismic methods to obtain the recent parameters of active faults. Using these methods, this study makes some breakthroughs on the recent activity of southeast boundary fault of the Heqing basin, middle segment of Heqing-Eryuan fault zone. Results indicate that the average vertical slip rate and left-lateral slip rate of the segment are about 0.28 mm/a and 1.8o mm/a respectively since the Late Pleistocene. The trench near the Beixi Village at the .outhea.t houndnrv fault of the lqaaing basinreveals that there have been at least three paleoearthquake events during the Holocene （8 ka BP）. The vertical displacement and sinistral strike-slip distance of a single paleoearthquake are ~20 cm and -1.2 m, respectively. The estimated paleoearthquake magnitudes with Ms7.o, and the recurrence interval at 2-5 ka, as well as the latest activity time during 800- 290 ca1 yr BP, are of great significance for preventing and mitigating regional earthquake disasters.

Performance of multi-band orthogonal frequency division multiplexing ultra wide-band system on IEEE UWB channels

Multiband orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MB-OFDM) ultra wide-band (UWB) is a novel wireless communication technology. It has many advantages and is being actively researhed. In this study, we constructed and implemented a simulation model of UWB communication systems in Simulink. We found the MB-OFDM UWB system has the best performance in distance between 4 m to 10 m without the line-of-sight requirement.

Surveying on two-zone height of sublevel strip mining

The site drilling packer permeability test and TEM to the 2100 workface in Gucheng coalmine determined the two-zone height under sublevel strip mining.The conclusion considers that the lying strata deterioration law of the strip mining is similar to that of the sublevel mining.Thus, against that the actually measured data lacked, it is feasible to refer to the reservation of the waterproof coal pillar in the neighbor coalmine under sublevel situation.However, it is necessary to further launch the research on lying strata deterioration law under sublevel striping mining for the purpose of providing the right foundation for the layout of the workface not mined so far and the reservation of the waterproof coal pillar in the mining area.

Temporal stability of Symbiodinium phylotype in scleractinian coral Galaxea fascicularis from a tropical fringing reef in the South China Sea

Symbiodinium sp. occurs in a symbiotic association with various marine invertebrates, including the seleractinian corals. Understanding the flexibility and specificity in coral-algal symbiosis can have important implications for predicting the future of coral reefs in the era of global climate change. In the present study, we conducted Symbiodinium phylotype analysis, based on polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism （PCR-RFLP）, in the scleractinian coral, Galaxeafascicularis, from a tropical fringing reef in Hainan Island, over a 1-yr period. Our results showed that Galaxea fascicularis could associate with Symbiodinium clade C and D either individually or simultaneously. However, during the sampling period, the Symbiodinium phylotype did not change significantly in the scleractinian coral Galaxeafascicularis, although the seawater temperature decreased sharply in the winter season. This study further suggests that the shift in Symbiodinium communities in response to seasonally fluctuating environments might not be a universal feature of coral-algal associations.

基于HPLC指纹图谱特征的不同剂型补中益气方比较研究

目的运用HPLC指纹图谱结合总量统计矩和信息熵、信息量参数,探讨补中益气方6种不同剂型整体特征异同。方法采用HPLC法建立不同剂型补中益气方指纹图谱,计算总量统计零阶矩(AUC_(T))、总量统计一阶矩(MCRT_(T))、总量统计二阶矩(VCRT_(T))、总量统计矩相似度(TQSMS)、信息熵(ΔS_(IE))、信息量(ΔS_(IQ))及段带总量统计矩参数,对指纹图谱特征进行表征和相似度分析。结果补中益气方各特征峰均获得良好分离,补中益气方指纹图谱峰数在245nm检测波长下较多且稳定;245nm波长下补中益气方指纹图谱特征参数的单因素方差分析表明,除合剂外其他五种剂型间的峰数、AUC_(T)、ΔS_(IQ)参数存在显著性差异(P<0.05),六种剂型间的MCRT_(T)、VCRT_(T)、ΔS_(IE)均有显著性差异(P<0.05),表明补中益气方不同剂型指纹图谱定性定量参数存在显著差异;总量统计矩相似度介于0.7934~0.9917,各剂型组内批间相似度均大于临界值0.875,合剂与其他剂型间的相似度部分小于0.875,其他均大于0.875,表明补中益气方不同剂型的整体印迹行为相似;段带总量统计矩结果表明补中益气方6种剂型组内批间差异较小,组间在不同时间段有差异,相应时间段内特征参数差异较大,其在此时间段的成分印迹特征存在差异。结论HPLC指纹图谱系列特征参数结果表明补中益气方不同剂型存在显著差异,总量统计矩相似度结果表明不同剂型补中益气方整体印迹特征存在相似性,可对不同剂型补中益气方进行客观有效地评价,为更深入研究补中益气方不同剂型物质基础的相似性及差异性提供基础。

A Piecewise Curvature-Corrected CMOS Bandgap Reference with Negative Feedback

A piecewise curvature-corrected bandgap reference （BGR） with negative feedback is proposed. It features employing a temperature-dependent resistor ratio technique to get a piecewise corrected current, which corrects the nonlinear temperature dependence of the first-order BGR. The piecewise corrected current generator also forms negative feedback to improve the line regulation and power supply rejection （PSR）. Measurement results show the proposed BGR achieves a maximum temperature coefficient （TC） of 21.2ppm/℃ without trimming in the temperature range of - 50-125℃ and a PSR of - 60dB at 2.6V supply voltage. The line regulation is 0.8mV/V in the supply range of 2.6-5.6V. It is successfully implemented in an SMIC 0.35μm 5V n-well digital CMOS process with the effective chip area of 0.04mm^2 and power con- sumption of 0.18mW. The reference is applied in a 3,5V optical receiver trans-impedance amplifier.

Wideband electromagnetic characteristics modeling and analysis of missile targets in ballistic midcourse

The wideband electromagnetic characteristics of missile targets in midcourse are the foundation of midcourse attack-defense confrontation. This paper proposes a novel electromagnetic scattering modeling method for midcourse targets based on a pre- cise scattering center model, in which the nonideal scattering phenomenon, shielding effect and micro-motion are taken into consideration for the first time. Firstly, a precise scattering center model incorporating both the sliding scattering and artist- tropic scattering is established. Then the change rule of the target attitude is generalized, and a checking method of the scatter- ing center shielding effect is proposed for rotationally symmetric targets. Afterwards, a novel dynamic electromagnetic scat- tering model is presented, where the scattering center model updates along with the variation of the target attitude and can characterize the change of the electromagnetic characteristics of midcourse targets exactly. Finally, in light of the established model, the dynamic electromagnetic characteristics within different attitude angle bounds are analyzed by stages, and some useful conclusions are obtained. Experiment results from the measured data in anechoic chamber verify the validity of the proposed modeling method and relevant analysis.

LiGaF2(IO3)2:A mixed-metal gallium iodate-fluoride with large birefringence and wide band gap

The first mixed alkali-metal gallium iodate-fluoride,namely,LiGaF2(IO3)2,was successfully obtained under hydrothermal conditions.The structure of LiGaF2(IO3)2 features a novel two-dimensional(2D)[GaF2(IO3)2]layer composed of[Ga2F4(IO3)6]4 dimers further bridged by(IO3)groups.LiGaF2(IO3)2 exhibits a wide band gap of 4.33 eV,corresponding to the ultraviolet(UV)absorption edge of 230 nm.Calculations of linear optical property revealed that LiGaF2(IO3)2 has a remarkably large birefringence of 0.181@1064 nm and 0.206@532 nm,indicating that it is a potential birefringent material that could be used from visible to UV region.This study provides a new method for the future discovery of promising optical crystals.

Effects of biodiversity,stand factors and functional identity on biomass and productivity during the restoration of subtropical forests in Central China

Biodiversity is found to have a significant promotion effect on ecosystem functions in manipulation experiments on grassland communities.However,its relative role compared with stand factors or functional identity is still controversial in natural forests.Here,we examined their relative effects on biomass and productivity during forest restoration.We investigated stand biomass and productivity for 24 plots(600 m2)across restoration stages in the subtropical forests of Mt.Shennongjia,Central China.We measured five key functional traits and calculated functional diversity(functional richness,evenness and dispersion)and community-weighted mean of traits.We used general linear models,variation partitioning methods to test the relative importance of stand factors(density,stand age,maximum height,etc.),functional identity,species and functional diversity on biomass and productivity.Our results illustrated that stand biomass and productivity increased significantly as forest restoration,and that community species richness increased,while functional dispersion decreased significantly.Variation partitioning analyses showed that diversity had no significant pure effects on biomass and productivity.However,diversity may affect biomass and productivity through the joint effect with stand factors and functional identity.Overall,we found that stand factors had the strongest effect on biomass and productivity,while functional identity significantly affects productivity but not biomass,suggesting that modulating stand structure and species identity are effective ways to enhance forest carbon storage and sequestrations potential in forest management.