论社会主义初级阶段理想和道德建设的多样性与层次性

党的十三大报告最突出的理论贡献就是全面系统地论述了社会主义初级阶段的理论。我国正处在社会主义的初级阶段.社会主义精神文明建设必须从初级阶段的实际出发。初级阶段的经济、政治及文化现实决定了现级段理想和道德建设必然要适应社会主义现代化建设和改革开放的多方面要求,因而必然是多样性的、分层次的。一、社会主义初级阶段经济政治的基本特征决定了精神文明建设的基本特征我国正处在社会主义初级阶段.这是我国最基本的国情,中国最大的实际。

电影《蓝色》的“八大组合段”叙事及对女性自由的探寻

电影《蓝色》是法国著名导演克日什托夫·基耶斯洛夫斯基的作品。这部影片曾获威尼斯电影节金狮奖,影片紧密联系20世纪后20年时代的背景,凸显在大时代背景下的人性问题以及对生命的哲学反思。影片通过女主人公朱莉人生中跌宕起伏的经历,探寻了女性自由的问题。笔者从麦茨的电影叙事组合段视角入手,深入剖析影片女性自由的主题。一、麦茨的"八大组合段"

忧郁的九行

无法知道一种情感竟感觉为你哭泣也是一种美丽无法追忆一段往昔只因为爱过一次便终身不能忘记无法形容相逢时的心情你望我我望你

Multistage Stochastic Programming Model for the Portfolio Problem of a Property-Liability Insurance Company

The current portfolio model for property-liability insurance company is only single period that can not meet the practical demands of portfolio management, and the purpose of this paper is to develop a multiperiod model for its portfolio problem. The model is a multistage stochastic programming which considers transaction costs, cash flow between time periods, and the matching of asset and liability; it does not depend on the assumption for normality of return distribution. Additionally, an investment constraint is added. The numerical example manifests that the multiperiod model can more effectively assist the property-liability insurer to determine the optimal composition of insurance and investment portfolio and outperforms the single period one.

STUDY ON THE METHOD OF CONSTRUCTING RATIONAL CUBIC CURVES AND CURVED SURFACE INCLUDING CONTROLLING PARAMETERS

By adopting the method of controlling parameters this paper describes the construction of various kinds of cubic curve segment and curved surface fragment with rational and non rational parameters, and discusses the relationship between controlling parameters, weighted factors and types, kinds and characteristics of curve segments and curved surface fragments. A mathematical method is provided for CAGD with abundant connotations, broad covering region, convenience, flexibility and direct simplicity.

Production of DMS and DMSP in different physiological stages and salinity conditions in two marine algae

Dimethylsulfide(DMS) and dimethylsulfoniopropionate(DMSP) production by Scrippsiella trochoidea and Prorocentrum minimum was investigated to characterize the effects of physiological stage and salinity on DMS and DMSP pools of these two marine phytoplankton species.Axenic laboratory cultures of the two marine algae were tested for DMSP production and its conversion into DMS.The results demonstrated that both algal species could produce DMS,but the average concentration of DMS per cell in S.trochoidea(12.63 fmol/L) was about six times that in P.minimum(2.01 fmol/L).DMS and DMSP concentrations in algal cultures varied significantly at different growth stages,with high release during the late stationary growth phase and the senescent phase.DMS production induced by three salinities(22,28,34) showed that the DMS concentrations per cell in the two algal cultures increased with increasing salinity,which might result from intra-cellular DMSP up-regulation with the change of osmotic stress.Our study specifies the distinctive contributions of different physiological stages of marine phytoplankton on DMSP and DMS production,and clarifies the influence of salinity conditions on the release of DMS and DMSP.As S.trochoidea and P.minimum are harmful algal bloom species with high DMS production,they might play an additional significant role in the sulfur cycle when a red tide occurs.

Periodical Development Trend of Vertical Greening

The research reviewed the development trend of vertical greening industry and divided it into four stages as follows： demand exploring phase, theory and technology development and application phases, and ripening phase of vertical greening system. The characteristics in different phases were detailed, providing ref- erences for development of vertical greening industry in future.

Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging features of hepatic hemangioma compared with enhanced computed tomography

AIM:To clarify features of hepatic hemangiomas on gadolinium-ethoxybenzyl-diethylenetriaminpentaacetic acid (Gd-EOB-DTPA)-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) compared with enhanced computed tomography (CT). METHODS:Twenty-six patients with 61 hepatic hem- angiomas who underwent both Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI and enhanced CT were retrospectively reviewed. Hemangioma appearances (presence of peripheral nodular enhancement, central nodular enhancement, diffuse homogenous enhancement, and arterioportal shunt during the arterial phase, fill-in enhancement during the portal venous phase, and prolonged enhancement during the equilibrium phase) on Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI and enhanced CT were evaluated.The degree of contrast enhancement at the enhancing portion within the hemangioma was visually assessed using a five-point scale during each phase. For quantitative analysis, the tumor-muscle signal intensity ratio (SIR), the liver-muscle SIR, and the attenuation value of the tumor and liver parenchyma were calculated. The McNemar test and the Wilcoxon's signed rank test were used to assess the significance of differences in the appearances of hemangiomas and in the visual grade of tumor contrast enhancement between Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI and enhanced CT. RESULTS:There was no significant difference between Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI and enhanced CT in the presence of peripheral nodular enhancement (85% vs 82%), central nodular enhancement (3% vs 3%), diffuse enhancement (11% vs 16%), or arterioportal shunt (23% vs 34%) during arterial phase, or fill-in enhancement (79% vs 80%) during portal venous phase. Prolonged enhancement during equilibrium phase was observed less frequently on Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI than on enhanced CT (52% vs 100%, P < 0.001). On visual inspection, there was significantly less contrast enhancement of the enhancing portion on Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI than on enhanced CT during the arterial (3.94 ± 0.98 vs 4.57 ± 0.64, respectively, P < 0.001), portal venous (3.72 ± 0.82 vs 4.36 ± 0.53, respectively, P < 0.001), and equilibrium phases (2.01 ± 0.95 vs 4.04 ± 0.51, respectively, P < 0.001). In the quantitative analysis, the tumor-muscle SIR and the liver-muscle SIR observed with Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI were 0.80 ± 0.24 and 1.28 ± 0.33 precontrast, 1.92 ± 0.58 and 1.57 ± 0.55 during the arterial phase, 1.87 ± 0.44 and 1.73 ± 0.39 during the portal venous phase, 1.63 ± 0.41 and 1.78 ± 0.39 during the equilibrium phase, and 1.10 ± 0.43 and 1.92 ± 0.50 during the hepatobiliary phase, respectively. The attenuation values in the tumor and liver parenchyma observed with enhanced CT were 40.60 ± 8.78 and 53.78 ± 7.37 precontrast, 172.66 ± 73.89 and 92.76 ± 17.92 during the arterial phase, 152.76 ± 35.73 and 120.12 ± 18.02 during the portal venous phase, and 108.74 ± 18.70 and 89.04 ± 7.25 during the equilibrium phase, respectively. Hemangiomas demonstrated peak enhancement during the arterial phase, and both the SIR with Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI and the attenuation value with enhanced CT decreased with time. The SIR of hemangiomas was lower than that of liver parenchyma during the equilibrium and hepatobiliary phases on Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI. However, the attenuation of hemangiomas after contrast injection was higher than that of liver parenchyma during all phases of enhanced CT. CONCLUSION:Prolonged enhancement during the equilibrium phase was observed less frequently on Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI than enhanced CT, which may exacerbate differentiating between hemangiomas and malignant tumors.

CASCADED FUZZY SYSTEM AND ITS ROBUST ANALYSIS BASED ON SYLLOGISTIC FUZZY REASONING

Syllogistic fuzzy reasoning is introduced into fuzzy system, and the new Cascaded Fuzzy System(CFS) is presented. The thoroughly theoretical analysis and experimental results show that syllogistic fuzzy reasoning is more robust than all other implication inferences for noise data and that CFS has better robustness than conventional fuzzy systems, which provide the solid foundation for CFS's potential application in fuzzy control and modeling and so on.

A systematic strategy for multi-period heat exchanger network retrofit under multiple practical restrictions

A systematic strategy for retrofit of the multi-period heat exchanger network （HEN） on the basis of the multi- objective optimization is developed. In this three-stage procedure, a simplified multi-objective optimization model of the multi-period lIEN is first established and then solved to target the retrofit, aiming to minimizing the total annual cost and total annual CO2 emissions. The obtained Pareto front represents series of retrofit targets under different emission limitations, from which the most desirable one can be selected. The matching of the existing and the required heat exchangers is further implemented to finalize the retrofit, which will meet the practical retrofit requirements and matching restrictions. The application of the proposed procedure is illustrated through a case study of a HEN in a vacuum gas oil hydro-treating unit.

Clinical significance of granuloma in Crohn's disease

AIM: Granuloma is considered the hallmark of microscopic diagnosis in Crohn's disease (CD), but granulomas can be detected in only 21-60% of CD patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of granulomas by multiple endoscopic biopsies in patients with CD and to examine whether group of patients with or without granuloma exhibit a different clinical course. METHODS: Fifty-six patients with newly diagnosed CD were included in the study. Jejunoscopy, enteroclysis and ileo-colonoscopy were performed in all patients. At least two biopsy specimens from each examined gastrointestinal segment were examined microscopically searching granuloma. The clinical course was followed in all patients, and extraintestinal manifestations as well as details of any immunosuppressive therapy and surgical intervention were noted. RESULTS: Granuloma was found in 44.6% of the cases (25 patients). Patients with granuloma had higher activity parameters at the time of the biopsies. Extraintestinal manifestations were observed and surgical interventions were performed more often in the granuloma group. The need of immunosuppressive therapy was significantly more frequent in the patients with granuloma. Granuloma formation is mote often seen in younger patients, and mainly in the severe, active penetrating disease. CONCLUSION: The significantly higher frequency of surgical interventions and immunosuppressive therapy suggests that granuloma formation is associated with a more severe disease course during the first years of CD.

Behavioral and physiological flexibility are used by birds to manage energy and support investment in the early stages of reproduction

Interest in phenotypic flexibility has increased dramatically over the last decade, but flexibility during reproduction has received relatively little attention from avian scientists, despite its possible impact on fitness. Because most avian species maintain atrophied reproductive organs when not active, reproduction in birds requires major tissue remodeling in preparation for breeding. Females undergo rapid （days） recrudescence and regression of their reproductive organs at each breeding attempt, while males grow their organs ahead of time at a much slower rate （weeks） and may maintain them at maximal size throughout the breeding season. Reproduction is associated with significant metabolic costs. Egg production leads to a 22%-27% increase in resting metabolic rate （RMR） over non-reproductive values. This is partly due to the activity of the oviduct, an organ that may allow females to adjust reproductive investment by modulating egg size and quality. In males, gonadal recrudescence may lead to a 30% increase in RMR, but the data are inconsistent and general conclusions regarding energetic costs of reproduction in males will require more research. Recent studies on captive female zebra finches describe the impacts of these costs on daily energy budgets and highlight the strategies used by birds to maintain their investment in reproduction when energy is limited. Whenever possible, birds use behavioral flexibility as a first means of saving energy. Decreasing locomotor activity saves energy during challenges such as egg production or exposure to cold temperatures and is an efficient way to buffer variation in individual daily energy budgets. However, when behavioral flexibility is not possible, birds must rely on flexibility at the physiological level to meet energy demands. In zebra finches breeding in the cold, this results in a reduced pace of laying, likely due to down-regulation of both reproductive and non-reproductive function, allowing females to defend minimal egg size and maintain reproductive success. More research involving a range of species in captive and flee-living conditions is needed to determine how phenotypic flexibility during tissue remodeling and early reproductive investment translates to natural conditions and affects fitness [Current Zoology 56 （6）： 767-792, 2010].

Microphysical characteristics of precipitating cumulus cloud based on airborne Ka-band cloud radar and droplet measurements

Based on cloud-probe data and airborne Ka-band cloud radar data collected in Baoding on 5 August 2018,the microphysical structural characteristics of cumulus(Cu)cloud at the precipitation stage were investigated.The cloud droplets in the Cu cloud were found to be significantly larger than those in stratiform(STF)cloud.In the Cu cloud,most cloud particles were between 7 and 10μm in diameter,while in the STF cloud the majority of cloud particles grew no larger than 2μm.The sensitivity of cloud properties to aerosols varied with height.The cloud droplet effective radius showed a negative relationship with the aerosol number concentration(Na)in the cloud planetary boundary layer(PBL)and upper layer above the PBL.However,the cloud droplet concentration(Nc)varied little with decreased Na in the high liquid water content region above 1500 m.High Na values of between 300 and 1853 cm-3 were found in the PBL,and the maximum Na was sampled near the surface in August in the Hebei region,which was lower than that in autumn and winter.High radar reflectivity corresponded to large FCDP(fast cloud droplet probe)particle concentrations and small aerosol particle concentrations,and vice versa for low radar reflectivity.Strong updrafts in the Cu cloud increased the peak radius and Nc,and broadened cloud droplet spectrum;lower air temperature was favorable for particle condensational growth and produced larger droplets.

Correlation analysis-based image segmentation approach for automatic agriculture vehicle

It is important to segment image correctly to extract guidance information for automatic agriculture vehicle. If we can make the computer know where the crops are, we can extract the guidance line easily. Images were divided into some rec-tangle small windows, then a pair of 1-D arrays was constructed in each small windows. The correlation coefficients of every small window constructed the features to segment images. The results showed that correlation analysis is a potential approach for processing complex farmland for guidance system, and more correlation analysis methods must be researched.

Theoretical Prediction of Differential Cross Sections for Reaction pp → pK^＋A in a Resonance Model

The reaction of pp → pK^＋A is a very good channel to study N^＊ resonances through their KA decay mode, because there is no mixing of isospin I = 1/2 and I = 3/2 due to isospin conservation. In this work, we extend a resonance model, which can reproduce the total cross section very well, to offer differential cross section information about this reaction. It can serve as a reference to build the scheduled hadron detector at Lanzhou Cooler Storage Ring （CSR）. Experiment measurement of these differential cross sections in the future will supply us more constraints on the model and help us understanding the strangeness production dynamics better.

Radiological Imaging in Patients with Esophageal Carcinoma

Diagnostic imaging is carried out in patients with esophageal carcinoma in order to decide on the therapeutical procedure, to control therapy, to document complications and to assess concomitant diseases. Chest X-rays and esophagograms give a 2-dimensional view of the X-ray absorption in 3-dimensional examination volumes, the diagnostic accuracy thus being limited by overshadowing. Because of the robust examination technique, the broad availability and the low costs chest X-rays are usually used for short-term controls under therapy and follow-up. Esophagography is carried out in order to asses the exact location and length of a known esophageal carcinoma prior to therapy and in order to assess peristaltic disturbances and ?stulas. CT and MRI provide tomographic images with a spatial resolution of up to 1 mm3 allowing the reconstruction of high-resolution images not only in the transversal but also in any other plain. The diagnostic accuracy of esophagography is comparatively high in T1–T3 stages (80%–90%). T1 and T2 tumors cannot be diagnosed by CT and MRI, because both methods do not visualize the mucosa (unlike esophagography and endoscopy) and the esophageal wall layers (unlike EUS). In?ltration depth tends to be overestimated in T1 and T2 carcinomas and to be underestimated in T3 and T4 cancers. CT and MRI cannot detect metastases in normally sized lymph nodes and cannot accurately di?erentiate between benign and malignant lymphadenopathy in enlarged nodes with a reported sensitivities and speci?ties of 60% and 74%, respectively. However, further prospective studies using up to date CT and MR technology are needed to assess the present diagnostic situation. CT and MRI do not only visualize the mediastinum, but also the lungs, the pleura and the skeleton as well as the neck and the abdomen thus providing a comprehensive overview of the TNM stage in 3 body regions.

Self-assembly of Asymmetric Dimer Particles in Supported Copolymer Bilayer

Using self-consistent field and density functional theories, we investigate the self-assembly behavior of asymmetric dimer particles in a supported AB block copolymer bilayer. Asymmetric dimer particles are amphiphilic molecules composed by two different spheres. One prefers to A block of copolymers and the other likes B block when they are introduced into the copolymer bilayer. The two layer structure of the dimer particles is formed within the bilayer. Due to the presence of the substrate surface, the symmetry of the two leaflets of the bilayer is broken, which may lead to two different layer structures of dimer particles within each leaflet of the bilayer. With the increasing concentration of the asymmetric dimer particles, in-plane structure of the dimer particles undergoes sparse square, hexagonal, dense square, and cylindrical structures. In a further condensed packing, a bending cylindrical structure comes into being. Here we verify that the entropic effect of copolymers, the enthalpy of the system and the steric repulsion of the dimer particles are three important factors determing the self-assembly of dimer particles within the supported copolymer bilayer.

A Simple Prediction Formula of Roll Damping of Conventional Cargo Ships on the Basis of Ikeda＇s Method and Its Limitation

Since the roll damping of ships has significant effects of viscosity, it is difficult to calculate it theoretically. Therefore, experimental results or some prediction methods are used to get the roll damping in design stage of ships. Among some prediction methods, Ikeda＇s one is widely used in many ship motion computer programs. Using the method, the roll damping of various ship hulls with various bilge keels can be calculated to investigate its characteristics. To calculate the roll damping of each ship, detailed data of the ship are needed to input. Therefore, a simpler prediction method is expected in primary design stage. Such a simple method must be useful to validate the results obtained by a computer code to predict it on the basis of Ikeda＇s method, too. On the basis of the predicted roll damping by Ikeda＇s method for various ships, a very simple prediction formula of the roll damping of ships is deduced in the present paper. Ship hull forms are systematically changed by changing length, beam, draft, mid-ship sectional coefficient and prismatic coefficient. It is found, however, that this simple formula can not be used for ships that have high position of the center of gravity. A modified method to improve accuracy for such ships is proposed.

Vasculogenic mimicry in non-small cell lung cancer and its relationship with tumor stage

Objective： The purpose of the study was to study the mechanism of vasculogenic mimicry （VM） and its relationship with tumor stage in non-small cell lung cancer （NSCLC）. Methods： Forty-two patients with NSCLC were collected, 19 belonged to the early stage （stages Ⅰ ＋Ⅱ） while 23 were late stage （stages Ⅲ ＋ Ⅳ）. Moreover, 20 patients got surgical treat ment and 22 got chemotherapy. We studied the relationship of VM with stage, chemotherapeutic effect, HIF-la, microves sel density （MVD） and clinicopathologic features. Results： VM in patients of early stages were significantly more than late stages （68.4% vs 26.1%, P = 0.006）, and the positive rate of VM was proportional to HIF-la （P = 0.034）. But no correlation was found between VM and chemotherapeutic effect （14.3% vs 26.7%, P = 1.00） or MVD （P 〉 0.05）. Furthermore, we found VM also showed a negative correlation with distant metastases and lymph nodes metastases （P 〈 0.05） while no correlation was found with other clinicopathologic. Conclusion： VM was generated during the early stage in NSCLC and correlated with lymph nodes metastases. As the disease progressed, VM may be replaced by vascular endothelial cells, so the late-stage patients especially people with distant metastases had fewer VM. As the main factor produced by hypoxia, HIF-la may make a difference in VM formation. Thus we inferred VM might be a new target for targeted therapy, and could provide help for clinical staging and treatment.

Dark Parameterizations,Equivalent Partner Fields and Integrable Systems

After introducing dark parameters into the traditional physical models, some types of new phenomena may be found. An important difficult problem is how to directly observe this kind of physical phenomena. An alternative treatment is to introduce equivalent multiple partner fields. If use this ideal to integrable systems, one may obtain infinitely many new coupled integrable systems constituted by the original usuM field and partner fields. The idea is illustrated via the celebrate KdV equation. From the procedure, some byproducts can be obtained： A new method to find exact solutions of some types of coupled nonlinear physical problems, say, the perturbation KdV systems, is provided; Some new localized modes such as the staggered modes can be found and some new interaction phenomena like the ghost interaction are discovered.