反相离子对高效液相色谱法测定母粉及母液中的杀鼠新

用反相离子对高效液相色谱法测定了杀鼠新母粉及母液中有效成份含量。采用Partisil 10ODS色谱柱 ,以甲醇∶离子对溶液 =80∶2 0 (体积比 )为流动相 ,离子对溶液为 0 .0 0 5mol/L四丁基铵磷酸盐 (pH为 7.5 )的缓冲溶液 ,测定波长 2 85nm。方法在 0 .0 2 5～ 0 .15g/L范围内有很好的线性关系。杀鼠新母粉和母液的相对标准偏差分别为 1.2 4 %、0 .77% (n =7) ,回收率分别为 :母粉 ,97.7%～ 99.8% ;母液 ,98.5 %～ 10 0 .4 %

溴敌隆母粉、母液有效成分测定

溴敌隆母粉、母液有效成分测定王虹郝连义董子珍溴敌隆母粉、母液中有效成分的浓度对灭鼠效果起着重要的作用。本文用高效液相色谱法（ＨＰＬＣ），ＡＵＥＸＯＤＳＣ１８柱；甲醇和乙酸溶液为流动相。母粉样品加甲醇置液体快速混合器上震荡１５分钟，便可将溴敌隆全部浸出...

化痰止咳贝母粉粥

贝母粉10克、大米50克、冰糖适量。将大米入锅加水煮粥，待粥未稠时调入贝母粉，用文火煮片刻,粥稠调入冰糖即可。每日早晚温服。适用于急、慢性气管炎，肺气肿。

Ultrastructural Observation on the Intra-and Intercellular Microtrabecular Network of the Pollen Mother Cells in Onion ( Allium cepa )

Using DGD embedment_free electron microscopy, ultrastructural observation on the intra_ and intercellular microtrabecular network (MN) of the pollen mother cells (PMC) of the whole meiotic prophase Ⅰ in onion ( Allium cepa L.) was performed. Complex nuclear MN was observed in the nucleus of PMCs, spreading throughout the nuclear region. The nucleolus and chromosomes were connected with the MN filament network. The uniformity of nuclear MN changed with the development of the PMCs. A lamina_like structure surrounded the nucleus and joined the MN in nucleus and in cytoplasm, but it disassembled at the end of prophase Ⅰ. There was also a complex cytoplasmic MN in PMCs, without obvious variation during the prophase Ⅰ. Furthermore, MN in cytoplasmic connections (plasmodesmata and cytoplasmic channels) was noticed to link the frameworks in two neighboring PMCs into one entity. Cytomixis was observed at synizesis of prophase Ⅰ in this experiment, and MN in cytoplasm and in nucleus was noticed to distribute in these granules which migrated from one PMC into its neighboring cell. At this time the nucleus moved aside from center of the PMC, but the rest of the cell was still fulfilled with MN filaments. The relationships of nuclear MN with nucleolus and chromosomes, lamina with nucleus, as well as intra_ and intercellular MN with cytomixis are discussed in this paper.

Pollen Mother Cell Miosis and Male Gametophyte Development of Pumpkin

[Objective] Pollen mother cell miosis and male gametophyte development of pumpkin were observed in this study, to provide some cytological basis for pumpkin anther or microspore culture. [Method] Ehrlich＇s hematoxylin staining-methyl salicylate clearing technique was used for observation and research of the variation of cell structure and chromosomal behavior during pollen mother cell miosis and male gametophyte development of ‘Tianhong＇ pumpkin. [Result] The meiosis in pollen moth- er cells of pumpkin was simultaneous cytokinesis. In the process of nuclear division, nuclear membrane and nucleolus of pumpkin pollen mother cells gradually disappeared in the metaphase I and reappeared in telophase I , phragmoplast formed between the two generated crescent-shaped nuclei without cell wall, the phragmoplast gradually disappeared in the metaphase II and reappeared in telophase II. Phragmoplast spread outward from the center of spindle during the second division was connected with that formed on the central interface of two nuclei during the first division, cell wall of microspores generated from periphery to center. Most of the tetrads contained four sub-cells while a few contained extra small cells. During the period of uniuclete microspore at periphery, the single nucleolus split into 2-3 or more small nucleoli, mature pollen grain was two-celled. Mononucleate pollen cells were mostly appeared in the flower buds with length of 1.0-2.0 cm, which could be used as an important indicator to collect materials for anther or microspore culture. [Conclusion] This study laid the foundation for research of the cytogenetics of pumpkin.

有机磷干制剂稳定性研究(第二报)——防止1.5％乐果粉剂分解的措施

前报已指出,用39种不同填料配制的1.5％乐果粉剂,室温贮藏一年,平均分解率达47.58％,最高者分解率达73.92％。因此,如何防止其有效成份在贮藏期的分解是一个急待解决的课题。前人曾用2—叔丁基—4—甲基苯酚或2,4—二氯苯酚和等克分子乐果混熔而得到一种稳定性好的化合物,以提高乐果原药及其加工制剂的稳定性,均获得较满意的结果。这些化合物目前在我国不仅来源困难而且价格贵,难以工业化。

黄河 母亲河 《黄河水长流》主题歌

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Energy Consumption in Comminution of Mica with Cavitation Abrasive Water Jet

We have studied the efficiency of energy consumption in the comminution of mica powder with cavitation abrasive water jet technology. The energy required to create new surfaces in the comminution of mica powder with cavitation abrasive water jet was calculated,in order to estimate its efficiency of energy consumption. The particle size distribution and the specific surface area were measured by applying a JEM-200CX transmission electron microscope and an Autosorb-1 automatic surface area analyzer. The study results show that the efficiency of energy consumed in creating new surface areas is as high as 2.92%,or 4.94% with the aid of cavitation in the comminution of mica powder. This efficiency will decrease with an increase in the number of comminutions. After three comminutions,the efficien-cies will become 1.91% and 2.29% for comminution without cavitation and with cavitation,respectively. The abrasive water jet technology is an effective way for comminution of mica powder.

Assay of ghrelin concentration in infant formulas and breast milk

AIM: To test if total ghrelin is present in infant formulas. METHODS: Using a radioimmunoassay, we measured total ghrelin concentrations in 19 samples of commercial infant formulas and in 20 samples of human milk. We also determined ghrelin concentration in the serum of infants and lactating mothers. RESULTS: Ghrelin concentrations were significantly higher in artificial milk (2007.1 ± 1725.36 pg/mL) than in human milk (828.17 ± 323.32 pg/mL) (P = 0.005). The mean ghrelin concentration in infant serum (n = 56) was 1115.86 ± 42.89 pg/mL, and was significantly higher (P = 0.023) in formula-fed infants (1247.93 ± 328.07 pg/mL) than in breast-fed infants (1045.7 ± 263.38 pg/mL). The mean serum ghrelin concentration (mean ± SD) in lactating mothers (n = 20) was 1319.18 ± 140.18 pg/mL. CONCLUSION: This study provides evidence that total ghrelin is present in infant formulas. This findingraises diverse questions regarding the uptake, absorption and metabolic effects of this hormone.

Strain and Culture Medium Optimization for Production Enhancement of Prodiginines from Marine-Derived Streptomyces sp. GQQ-10

A mutant (GQQ-M6) of a Sponge-Derived streptomyces sp. GQQ-10 obtained by UV-induced mutation was used for producing prodiginines (PGs). Single factor experiments and orthogonal array design (OAD) methods were employed for medium optimization. In the single factor method, the effects of soluble starch, glucose, soybean flour, yeast extract and sodium acetate on PGs production were investigated individually. In the subsequent OAD experiments, the concentrations of these 5 key nutritional components combined with salinity were further adjusted. The mutant strain GQQ-M6 gave a 2.2-fold higher PGs production than that of the parent strain; OAD experiments offered a PGs yield of 61mg L-1, which was 10 times higher than that of the initial GQQ-10 strain under the original cultivation mode.

Production of Amylase from Saccharomyces diastaticus sp. and Hydrolysis of Cassava Pulps for Alcohol Production

Amylolytic enzymes are currently investigated to improve industrial processes of starch degradation. Saccharomyces diastaticus 2047 isolated from cassava waste showed amylase and glucoamylase production, using starch medium, and the highest rate was obtained in the initial growth phase, after incubation for 24 h at pH 5.5. Maximum amylase and glucoamylase activities （483.62 U mg^-1 protein and 290.85 U mg^-1 protein） were obtained at pH 5.5. The isolated enzymes exhibited thermostable properties as indicated by retention of 100% of residual activity at 55 ℃ for 45 min with total inhibition at 100 ℃. Extracellular enzyme from S diastaticus 2047 was partially purified by fractionated precipitation with ammonium sulphate. After 40% saturation produced 2,197.00 and 1,192.83 U/mg protein, and yield was 40% with purification 4.54 and 4.1 fold, respectively. This study presents feasibility on ethanol production from cassava pulps pretreated with diluted sulfuric acid by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation （SSF） with S. diastaticus 2047. The results indicated that the culture was able to produce ethanol with high yield without amylolytic enzyme adding by using cassava pulps pretreated with distilled water at 135 ℃ under pressure of 15 lb/inch^2 to produce ethanol yield as high as the cassava pulps pretreated with diluted sulfuric acid under the same condition. This suggests that S diastaticus with enzyme produced has potential for industrial applications.

Optimum Condition of Rice Straw Hydrolysate Detoxification with Charcoal Powder for Cellulosic Ethanol Production by Pichiastipitis TISTR 5806

In this study, the rice straw was hydrolysed by using 3.0% （w/v） H2SO4 followed by enzymatic hydrolysis. The rice straw hydrolysate obtained was treated with charcoal powder and the optimal condition of detoxification with charcoal powder was investigated. The results showed that the optimal condition for detoxification was the use of 2.5 grams of non-sterilized charcoal powder in 100 mL hydrolysate. The mixture was operated at pH 5.0, 30 ℃ and 160 rpm for 5 min. The detoxified hydrolysate was then used for ethanol production using P. stipitis TISTR 5806. The condition of the detoxified hydrolysate fermentation which gave maximum ethanol concentration of 21 g/L was at pH 5.0, 30 ℃ and 160 rpm for 72 h. Without detoxification, the P. stipitis TISTR 5806 could not however utilize the hydrolysate for ethanol production.

药膳二则

川贝炖雪梨 原料：雪梨1个，贝母粉9克，冰糖30克，大枣2枚。制法：雪梨削皮去核与贝母粉、冰糖、大枣一起放入碗中，隔水蒸熟食之。

Small RNAs in pollen

In plants, each pollen mother cell undergoes two rounds of cell divisions to form a mature pollen grain, which contains a vegetative cell(VC) and two sperm cells(SC). As a companion cell, the VC carries the SCs to an ovule by germinating a pollen tube. In-depth sequencing analyses of mature pollen showed that micro RNAs(mi RNAs) and short interfering RNAs(si RNAs) are present in both the VC and SCs. Additionally, epigenetically-regulated transposable elements(TEs) are reactivated in the VC and these TE m RNAs are further processed into 21-nt epigenetically reactivated si RNA(easiR NA) in SCs, which prevent 24-nt si RNA accumulation and sequester mi RNA loading. Small RNAs are thought to move from the VC to SCs, where they regulate gene expression and reinforce TE silencing. Here, we summarize current knowledge of the biogenesis and function of mi RNAs, si RNAs, and easi RNAs in pollen, emphasizing how these different small RNAs coordinately contribute to sperm cell formation and TE silencing.

Application of a yeast two-hybrid based screening system in the identification of amyloid-beta aggregation inhibitors in pharmaceutical plants

The aggregation of amyloid-beta （Aβ） peptide, has been demonstrated to be critical for the development of Alzheimer＇s disease （AD）. All aggregation inhibitors are thus considered to be drug candidates for AD therapy. In the present study, we developed a novel screening tool based on the yeast two-hybrid system to screen Aβ aggregation inhibitors. The human Aβ42 peptide cDNA was cloned using assembly PCR and inserted into each of the yeast expression plasmids containing either the GAL4 activation domain （GAL4AD） or the DNA-binding domain （GAL4BD）. Co-transformation of the above plasmids led to the expression of the fusion proteins GAL4AD-Aβ42 and GAL4BD-Aβ42 in the AH 109 yeast strain. The self interaction of Aβ42 fragments reconstructed the GAL4 transcriptor and thus activated the GAL4 responsive transcription of four reporter genes including HIS3, ADE2, lacZ and MEL1. The expression of the reporter genes rendered the multiple auxotrophic yeast cells capable of growing on the synthetic SD media lacking adenine and histidine. Growth arrest was used as a marker for screening Aβ aggregation inhibitors in this system, and the evaluation of Rhodiola species revealed potential resources for the development of Aβ aggregation inhibitors.