42例先天愚的母龄调查报告

21三体综合征是临床比较常见的一种染色体病。探讨其产生的原因是医学遗传学领域中一个重要课题。21三体的母龄问题很早就受到人们的重视,高龄产妇易生畸形儿这已是人们接受的事实,然而,随着我国计划生育的开展,近十多年来,35岁以上的高龄产妇已几乎绝迹,但先天愚患儿仍有不断出生,我们将42例先天愚的母龄调查情况及分析报告如下:

Down’s综合征母亲趋于“年轻化”分析

目的 了解Down′s综合征患儿母亲年龄与发病关系。方法 常规血培养法。结果 发现母龄在 30岁以下者占 87.9% (94 / 10 7) ,35岁以上者只占 5 .6 % (6 / 10 7)。第 1孕 1胎占 71% (76 / 10 7)。亲代遗传来的只有 5例罗伯逊易位型 ,占 4 .6 % (5 / 10 7)。其余皆为突变型的 2 1三体染色体。结论 主要应为生存环境中的致突变因素—现代化工业的环境污染大气、土壤、水体等 ,人体直接受害 ,或通过食物链途径间接受害。

Comparative Study on Activation and Fertilization of Mouse Oocytes at Different Ages

Comparisons of activation rates and fertilization rates were made among oocytes at different ages. Results showed that oocytes at different ages had different activation and fertilization rates when stimulated by sperm or ethanol. Oocytes at 15～24 h after the injection of hCG were readily activated by 8% ethanol. The activation rate of oocytes increased with the age of oocytes, up to the highest average of 81.6%, but decreased after 20 h posthCG. Oocytes at 20 h posthCG exhibited the highest immediate cleavage rate(48.0%) after being stimulated by ethanol. On the other hand, 13～15 h oocytes exhibited higher fertilization rates, and the older oocytes were more difficult to be fertilized by sperm in vitro. These suggest that oocytes can be activated in different ways; the mechanism of fertilization might be different from that of activation; and in vitro fertilization is more dependent on oocyte age.

Muscovite 40Ar-39Ar age and its geological significance in Zhuxi W（Cu） deposit, northeastern Jiangxi

The Zhuxi W(Cu)skarn deposit,the world’s largest tungsten deposit is newly discovered in Jingdezhen city,northeastern Jiangxi province,China.It mainly occurs near the contact zone between the Yanshanian granites and the Late Paleozoic carbonate rocks.Three types of mineralization including skarn type,altered granite type and quartz vein veinlet type orebodies have been observed.In this study,the 40Ar 39Ar age of hydrothermal muscovite coexisting with copper mineralization in the altered granite type orebody formed near the unconformity interface is determined by step-heating technology using CO2 laser.The plateau age,isochron age,and inverse isochron age of muscovite are(147.39±0.94)Ma,(147.2±1.5)Ma,and(147.1±1.5)Ma,respectively.These ages are almost identical to the ages of ore-related granite and other mineralization types in the Zhuxi W(Cu)deposit,indicating that the Cu mineralizations occurred at the shallow depth and near the unconformity interface are contemporaneous during the Late Jurassic.This further suggested that the acompanied W and Cu mineralization in the Zhuxi W(Cu)deposit which may be controlled by the magma source is enriched in both W and Cu.

Age and Some Genetic Characteristics of Vertisols in China

The ages of organic matter of some dark-colored horizons and calcareous concretions in some Vertisols from tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate zones of China were studied using radiocarb on dating method. The relationship between soil age and genesis of Vertisols was also expounded based on the study of their genetic charactens-tics and micromorphological features. The results show that although Vertisols have developed for a relatively long time, their weathering and soil forming process are weak and young with little horizonation. This is closely related to their special geochemical soil forming environment. Low-lying terrain, heavy texture, clay minerals dominated by montmorillonites and alternative drying- wetting climate give rise to the vertic features expressed in intense swelling-shrinking and cracking-closing in soils. As a result, the soil development and soil leaching process are resisted, and the climatic effect on the horizonation is impeded. Moreover, pedoturbation eliminates the horizonation in the upper part of soil profile, and postpones their evolution into zonal soils. So Vertisols show certain pedogenic inertia and stay at relatively young developmental stage. Therefore, Vertisols are intrazonal soils dominated by local soil forming factors such as the relief and parent materials.

A Comparative Study on Feeding Practice and Nutrition Status among 6-23 Months Age Children

To investigate the Infant and Young Child Feeding Practice and Nutrition status among 6-23 months age group children in nutrition intervention （national nutrition program） and non-intervention areas. Nutrition intervention has been proposed to reduce the risk of malnutrition. It was a comparative cross-sectional study. A total of 360 households, of which 180 were from the nutrition intervention area each with at least a child aged between 6-23 months were randomly selected. Statistical package for Social Scientists （SPSS/PC^＋） was used for data entry and analysis. Nutritional status that is weight-for-age, height-for-age and weight-for-height were computed using anthro software. T-test, chi-square and Pearson＇s correlation （p 〈 0.05） were administered to compare the two groups. There was a significant difference between the intervention and non intervention groups in relation to the incidence of initiation of breast feeding, prelacteal and exclusive breast feeding and complementary feeding （p 〈 0.05）. The prevalence of wasting （p = 0.004）, stunting （p = 0.015） and underweight （p = 0.003） was observed to be greater for non NNP area compared with the group of NNP area and association was found between those areas. In the study showed that the Infant and Young Child Feeding Practice and Nutritional status are better in nutrition intervention area.

Older Migrants： Finding Strategies for Sustaining Family Relationships

Issues specific to older migrants moving country are not yet fully understood as there are few studies on this age group. These migrants are most likely to be caught in attending to the needs of their children or their elderly parents, both requiring support. Over a period of two years, 35 older Polish migrants were interviewed and they told their stories of the migration experience. It was found that they had to make choices and were faced with quite difficult decisions on whether they were going to leave children or parents in Poland while they were forced into a position where they had to find work outside their own country due to age discrimination. Both men and women expressed feelings of guilt at leaving sick parents, and at not being able to afford to travel back to Poland more regularly to be with their families. Without effective cost or free digital technology, these families would not be able to sustain communication channels and relationships would break down. Consequently both the economic and emotional costs to these families and the communities in which they live could be very high.

Interbirth intervals are associated with age of the mother, but not with infant mortality in Indian rhinoceroses

Rhinoceroses are among the most endangered mammals in the world. Despite a recent increase in numbers in most wild populations, poaching or political instability may exterminate large populations very quickly. Therefore, captive or ex situ rhinoceros populations can play an important role in their conservation. Previous studies identified infant mortality and interbirth intervals among the main parameters affecting the viability and survival of rhinoceros populations. In our study, we tested the recently suggested prediction that in captive Indian rhinoceros Rhinoceros unicornis, longer interbirth intervals may result in higher infant mortality. We also examined the factors that are the main pre- dictors of infant mortality and interbith intervals using the studbook data on Indian rhinoceros born in zoos worldwide as well as data from Dudhwa National Park, India, where rhinoceroses were success- fully reintroduced. We found no association between interbirth intervals and infant mortality. In both populations, the main predictor of infant mortality was mother＇s parity, with higher mortality in calves born to primiparous mothers. In addition, we found that the interbirth intervals were shorter in zoos than in Dudhwa and that they increased with increase in age of the mother, which was the only factor affecting interbirth interval in both populations. Our results show that the same factors affect both parameters in both populations and thus illustrate that the reproduction and infant survival of Indian rhinoceros in zoos reflect the natural pattern. Furthermore, we suggest that in captivity, the interbirth intervals could be slightly prolonged to approach the situation in the wild.

Should few retrieved oocytes be as an indication for intracytoplasmic sperm injection?

Objective:To reevaluate whether relatively few oocytes obtained in one cycle are an indication for intracytoplasmic sperm injection(ICSI).Methods:A total of 406 cycles with three or fewer retrieved oocytes performed in 396 non-male infertile couples were retrospectively reviewed.Cycles were classified into three groups by different fertilization techniques:the in vitro fertilization(IVF) group,insemination with conventional IVF;the ICSI group,insemination with ICSI though semen parameters were normal;and the rescue ICSI group,re-insemination with ICSI after conventional IVF failure.Results:The ICSI group resulted in higher normal fertilization compared with the conventional IVF group.Correspondingly,the cycle cancellation rate was decreased in the ICSI group,though it was not statistically significant.The clinical pregnancy rate and implantation rate were lower in the ICSI group compared with the conventional IVF group.Rescue ICSI was a method to avert total fertilization failure in conventional IVF,increasing fertilization and ensuring embryo availability for transfer,but the normal fertilization was the lowest due to delayed insemination and the chance of pregnancy was very little.Conclusions:Obtaining only few oocytes in one cycle is not considered as an indication for ICSI when the sperm sample is apparently normal.Rescue ICSI is either not recommended if conventional insemination fails.Such patients should not be subjected to the unnecessary costs and potential risks of ICSI.

Psychosocial impact of mothers with perinatal loss and its contributing factors:an insight

Objective:To evaluate the psychosocial impact among mothers with perinatal loss and its contributing factors.Methods:A cross sectional study was conducted in University Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre (UKMMC) from April 2008 to May 2009 using Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and self administered questionnaire.Results:Sixty-two respondents were included and most of them were working mothers (77.4%).The mean age of the respondents was (31.0±5.6) years and a majority of the subjects aged between 20-34 years (77.4%).According to the EPDS score,53.2% of the respondents had a psychosocial impact with a total score of >9,out of 30.There was a significant relationship between psychosocial impact after perinatal loss and support from friends (P=0.019).However,there were no significant differences between psychosocial impact and history of previous perinatal loss,ethnicity,occupation,educational level,age or total income.Conclusion:Mothers with perinatal loss should be screened for psychosocial impact and offered support when needed.Family and friends should continue to provide emotional support.People who have experienced similar problem before will be able to provide better support than those who have not.