福寿螺对几种农药的毒力反应及田间药效试验

本文报道了福寿螺对15种单、复剂农药的浸杀毒力反应。单剂巴丹毒力最大,LC_(50)为1.26ppm;硫酸铜次之,LC_(50) 1.401ppm;复配农药辛硫磷加敌百虫有显著增效作用,共毒系数292.94,茶籽饼加硫酸铜仅表现毒力相加作用,然而,从田间防治效果及使用成本考虑,茶籽饼加硫酸铜是一种廉价高效、使用方便,来源广的灭杀福寿螺药剂。值得推广,同时还报道了温度、季节对杀螺效果的影响,为适时、合理使用杀螺药提供依据。

棉铃虫敏感品系对两种药剂的毒力比较

通过生物测定方法比较了棉铃虫敏感品系对4.5%高效氯氰菊酯乳油和40%甲·甲·氯乳油两种药剂的毒力反应,结果表明,两者的LC50分别为18.5643mg·kg-1,11.6494mg·kg-1,LC50比值达到1.594,即40%甲·甲·氯乳油对棉铃虫敏感品系的毒力要高于4.5%高效氯氰菊酯乳油,存在显著性差异。

丝裂霉素的临床应用及毒性反应

恶性肿瘤是一大类严重危害健康的疾病。全世界每年死于肿瘤者达430万人,新发生的病例约540万人。我国每年死亡约80万人,新病人约100万人。治疗癌症的有效手段之一是进行化疗。目前国内外用于化疗的药物非常多。

Helicobacter pylori vac A genotype is a predominant determinant of immune response to Helicobacter pylori CagA

To evaluate the frequency of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) CagA antibodies in H. pylori infected subjects and to identify potential histopathological and bacterial factors related to H. pylori CagA-immune response. METHODSSystematic data to H. pylori isolates, blood samples, gastric biopsies for histological and molecular analyses were available from 99 prospectively recruited subjects. Serological profile (anti-H. pylori, anti-CagA) was correlated with H. pylori isolates (cagA, EPIYA, vacA s/m genotype), histology (Sydney classification) and mucosal interleukin-8 (IL-8) mRNA and protein expression. Selected H. pylori strains were assessed for H. pylori CagA protein expression and IL-8 induction in co-cultivation model with AGS cells. RESULTSThirty point three percent of microbiologically confirmed H. pylori infected patients were seropositive for CagA. Majority of H. pylori isolates were cagA gene positive (93.9%) with following vacA polymorphisms: 42.4% vacA s1m1, 23.2% s1m2 and 34.3% s2m2. Anti-CagA-IgG seropositivity was strongly associated with atrophic gastritis, increased mucosal inflammation according to the Sydney score, IL-8 and cagA mRNA expression. VacA s and m polymorphisms were the major determinants for positive (vacA s1m1) or negative (vacA s2m2) anti-CagA serological immune response, which also correlated with the in vitro inflammatory potential in AGS cells. In vitro co-cultivation of representative H. pylori strains with AGS cells confirmed functional CagA translocation, which showed only partial correlation with CagA seropositivity in patients, supporting vacA as major co-determinant of the immune response. CONCLUSIONSerological immune response to H. pylori cagA+ strain in H. pylori infected patients is strongly associated with vacA polymorphism, suggesting the crucial role of bacterial factors in immune and clinical phenotype of the infection.

Developments in metastatic pancreatic cancer:Is gemcitabine still the standard?

In the past 15 years, we have seen few therapeutic advances for patients with pancreatic cancer, which is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death in the United States. Currently, only about 6% of patients with advanced disease respond to standard gemcitabine therapy, and median survival is only about 6 mo. Moreover, phase Ⅲ trials have shown that adding various cytotoxic and targeted chemotherapeutic agents to gemcitabine has failed to improve overall survival, except in cases in which gemcitabine combined with erlotinib show minimal survival benefi t. Several metaanalyses have shown that the combination of gemcitabine with either a platinum analog or capecitabine may lead to clinically relevant survival prolongation, especially for patients with good performance status. Meanwhile, many studies have focused on the pharmacokinetic modulation of gemcitabine by fi xed-dose administration, and metabolic or transport enzymes related to the response and toxicity of gemcitabine. Strikingly, a phase Ⅲ trial in 2010 showed that, in comparison to gemcitabine alone, the FOLFIRINOX regimen in patients with advanced disease and good performance status, produced better median overall survival, median progression-free survival, and objective response rates. This regimen also resulted in greater, albeit manageable toxicity.

Hepatitis C infected patients need vitamin D3 supplementation in the era of direct acting antivirals treatment

It has been reported that the serum level of vitamin D3(Vit D3) could affect the natural course of chronic hepatitis C(CH-C) and the response to treatment with pegylated interferon(Peg-IFN) and ribavirin. Although several mechanisms for the favorable effects of Vit D3 supplementation were reported, the total effect of Vit D3 supplementation remains unclear. Previously, we reported that supplementation with 1(OH)Vit D3 could enhance the Th1 response inducing not only a favorable immune response for viral eradication but also HCC control. Recently, the main treatment of CH-C should be direct acting antivirals(DAAs) without PegIFN. Peg-IFN is a strong immune-modulator. Therefore, an immunological analysis should be carried out to understand the effect of Vit D3 after treatment of DAAs without Peg-IFN. The induction of a favorable immune response by adding Vit D3 might be able to suppress the hepatocarcinogenesis after achieving SVR, especially in children and elderly patients with severe fibrosis lacking sufficient amounts of VitD 3.

Roles of IκB kinase ε in the innate immune defense and beyond

IκB kinase ε(IKKε) is a non-canonical IκB kinase that is extensively studied in the context of innate immune response. Recently, significant progress has been made in understanding the role of IKKεin interferon(IFN) signaling. In addition to its roles in innate immunity, recent studies also demonstrate that IKKε is a key regulator of the adaptive immune response. Specifically, IKKεfunctions as a negative feedback kinase to curtail CD8 T cell response, implying that it can be a potential therapeutic target to boost antiviral and antitumor T cell immunity. In this review, we highlight the roles of IKKε in regulating IFN signaling and T cell immunity, and discuss a few imminent questions that remain to be answered.