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硫酰氟的杀虫毒性和毒理学研究 被引量:3
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作者 李望昌 谢磊 +1 位作者 陈颖 陈劲 《浙江化工》 CAS 2003年第4期15-17,共3页
介绍高效熏蒸剂 硫酰氟的国内外概况,它的杀虫毒性和药效以及有关的毒理学研究。
关键词 硫酰氟 毒性 毒理学 熏蒸剂 药效
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单甲脒及单甲脒盐酸盐的急性毒性 被引量:2
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作者 竺恺 杜秀英 +1 位作者 夏唏娟 蒋湘宁 《农药》 CAS 北大核心 1994年第5期32-33,共2页
本文用霍氏测定单甲脒对小白鼠经口半数致死剂量为178毫克/公斤体重(雄性)和215毫克/公斤体重(雌性);其商品农药是单脒盐酸盐,对小白鼠经口半数致死剂量为218毫克/公斤体重(雄性)和148毫克/公斤体重(雌性),... 本文用霍氏测定单甲脒对小白鼠经口半数致死剂量为178毫克/公斤体重(雄性)和215毫克/公斤体重(雌性);其商品农药是单脒盐酸盐,对小白鼠经口半数致死剂量为218毫克/公斤体重(雄性)和148毫克/公斤体重(雌性),单甲脒代谢较快,内脏中的残留量只占给予量的100~500分之一。 展开更多
关键词 单甲脒 单甲脒盐酸盐 毒性杀虫
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辽宁省大型真菌浸提液及发酵液对线虫的毒力作用 被引量:8
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作者 陈立杰 陈越 +1 位作者 张国栋 段玉玺 《中国生物防治》 CSCD 北大核心 2010年第4期467-473,共7页
利用从辽宁省采集的206株大型野生真菌的浸提液和部分发酵液,测定其对根结线虫Meloidogyne incognita、胞囊线虫Heterodera glycines、小杆线虫Caenorhabditis sp.和水稻干尖线虫Aphelenchoides basseyi的活性。结果表明:有22种真菌对... 利用从辽宁省采集的206株大型野生真菌的浸提液和部分发酵液,测定其对根结线虫Meloidogyne incognita、胞囊线虫Heterodera glycines、小杆线虫Caenorhabditis sp.和水稻干尖线虫Aphelenchoides basseyi的活性。结果表明:有22种真菌对靶标线虫的致死率达70%以上,且同一菌株的浸提液和发酵液对线虫亦有明显的选择毒性作用。有7株菌浸提液对2种以上靶标线虫的致死率超过90%。蛇头菌Mutinus caninus F149浸提液对南方根结线虫毒力最高,致死率达97.74%,对胞囊线虫和水稻干尖线虫的毒力也超过90%,而对小杆线虫毒力仅为24.04%,因其对人毒性大而未获得纯培养。薄蜂窝菌Hexagonia tenuisF128浸提液对大豆胞囊线虫J2毒力最高,致死率达96.55%,但其发酵液毒力下降;浸提液对根结线虫的毒力仅次于F149,对水稻干尖线虫毒力较弱,但发酵液对干尖线虫致死率却提高至91.38%。块鳞青鹅膏Amanita excelsaF155浸提液对根结线虫的致死率达96.67%,但发酵液仅为70.93%。粉迷孔菌Daedalea biennis F139的浸提液对小杆线虫的毒力最强,致死率达90.40%。松生拟层孔菌Fomitopsis pinicola F130的浸提液与裂褶菌Schizophyllum commune F107的浸提液和发酵液及小灰孢Lycoperdon pusillus F102的发酵液对水稻干尖线虫的致死率均超过95%。血红菇Russula sanguinea F204和大红菇R.alutacea F153的浸提液和发酵液对3种植物线虫的致死率均超过85%,而对小杆线虫的毒力较弱。 展开更多
关键词 大型真菌 担子菌 线毒性 靶标线
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我国仓贮昆虫病原芽孢杆菌的研究
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作者 陈涛 刘勇 +3 位作者 杨冬菊 王春生 夏克祥 侯建文 《应用生态学报》 CAS CSCD 1995年第S1期88-92,共5页
对951个样品分离鉴定,有747个样品含芽孢杆菌,有菌率为78.55%.共分离得到芽孢杆菌1138株,其中苏云金杆菌(Bacillusthuringiensis,简称B.t)143株,占12.5%;球形芽孢杆菌(Ba... 对951个样品分离鉴定,有747个样品含芽孢杆菌,有菌率为78.55%.共分离得到芽孢杆菌1138株,其中苏云金杆菌(Bacillusthuringiensis,简称B.t)143株,占12.5%;球形芽孢杆菌(Bacillussphaericus,简称B.s)11株,占0.97%;其他芽孢杆菌984株,占86.40%.从芽孢杆菌中选出产生晶体、苏云金素或磷酸酯酶C(PhosphalipaseC,简称PLC)的毒素菌株168株,其中B.t占143株,B.s有5株,其他芽孢杆菌10株.在产毒素菌株中,经测定有120株菌对供试昆虫毒性达标.占77.92%.不同菌株的杀虫毒素、杀虫范围和毒力各异,认为这种差异取决于毒素和虫种两方面的特异性. 展开更多
关键词 仓贮生态环境 芽孢杆菌 毒素 毒性
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Isolation and Characterization of a Dichlorvos-Degrading Strain DDV-1 of Ochrobactrum sp. 被引量:22
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作者 ZHANG Xiao-Hua ZHANG Guo-Shun +2 位作者 ZHANG Zhong-Hui XU Jian-Hong LI Shun-Peng 《Pedosphere》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2006年第1期64-71,共8页
The objective of this research was to isolate a dichlorvos (2,2-dichlorovinyl dimethyl phosphate)-degrading strain of Ochrobactrum sp., and determine its effectiveness in remediation of a dichlorvos-contaminated soil.... The objective of this research was to isolate a dichlorvos (2,2-dichlorovinyl dimethyl phosphate)-degrading strain of Ochrobactrum sp., and determine its effectiveness in remediation of a dichlorvos-contaminated soil. A dichlorvos-degrading bacterium (strain DDV-1) was successfully isolated and identified as an Ochrobactrumsp. based on its 16S rDNA sequence analysis. Strain DDV-1 was able to utilize dichlorvos as a sole carbon source, and the optimal pH and temperature for its cell growth and degradation were 7.0 and 30 ℃, respectively. Also, the growth and degradation of strain DDV-1 showed the same response to dissolved oxygen. In addition, the soil degradation test indicated that in soil spiked with 100 mg L-1 or 500 mg L-1 dichlorvos and inoculated with 0.5% or 1.0% (v/v) strain DDV-1, complete degradation of dichlorvos could be achieved in 24 h. The present study showed that strain DDV-1 was a fast dichlorvos-degrading bacterium in soil. However, further research will be needed to clarify the degradation pathway and the properties of the key enzymes involved in its biodegradation. 展开更多
关键词 DEGRADATION DICHLORVOS 16S rDNA soil test strain DDV-1
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Evaluation of Cytotoxicity and Genotoxicity of Insecticide Carbaryl to Flounder Gill Cells and Its Teratogenicity to Zebrafish Embryos 被引量:1
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作者 EY Manish Raj GUO Huarong 《Journal of Ocean University of China》 SCIE CAS 2015年第2期362-374,共13页
In this study, we determined the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of carbamate insecticide carbaryl to flounder gill (FG) cells and its teratogenicity to zebrafish embryos. The cytotoxicity of carbaryl to FG cells was ... In this study, we determined the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of carbamate insecticide carbaryl to flounder gill (FG) cells and its teratogenicity to zebrafish embryos. The cytotoxicity of carbaryl to FG cells was determined with methods including MTT and neutral red uptaking (NRU), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) releasing and Hoechst 33342 and propidiurn idodide (PI) double staining. Moderate cytotoxicity in a concentration-dependent manner was observed. The 24h-IC50 value of 53.48 ± 1.21, 59.13 ± 1.19 and 46.21 ± 1.24 mgL 1 carbaryl was obtained through MTT, NRU and LDH assays, respectively. Double fluorescence staining dem- onstrated that carbaryl induced the death of FG cells mainly through necrosis. There was no significant genotoxicity found in the FG cells exposed to the highest testing concentration of carbaryl (20mgL-1, P〉0.05) as was demonstrated by Comet assay. Zebrafish embryos exposed to carbaryl at concentrations 〉10 mg L-1 displayed moderate toxic effects on the survival, spontaneous movement, hatching, heart rates of the embryos and their development, which were evidenced by yolk and pericardial sac edemas, body length reduction and tail flexure in time- and concentration-dependent manners at specific stages. The 24h-, 48h- and 96h-LC50 values of carbaryl to zebra fish embryos were 41.80 ± 1.10, 17.80 ± 1.04 and 14.46 ± 1.05 mg L-1, respectively. These results suggested that car- baryl is moderately toxic to FG ceils cultured in vitro and zebrafish embryos, and the FG cells were similar to zebrafish embryos in their sensitivity to carbaryl as 24h-IC50 and LC50 indicated. 展开更多
关键词 CARBARYL CYTOTOXICITY GENOTOXICITY TERATOGENICITY flounder gill cell zebrafish
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Effect of Industrial Effluents on Embryos of Lefteye Flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus)
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作者 曲克明 陈民山 +1 位作者 马绍赛 辛福言 《Marine Science Bulletin》 CAS 2003年第2期72-77,共6页
The studies have been carried out in laboratory on the effect of dyeing,electroplating, pesticide effluents and their intermixture on embryos of lefteye flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus ). The main toxic substances in... The studies have been carried out in laboratory on the effect of dyeing,electroplating, pesticide effluents and their intermixture on embryos of lefteye flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus ). The main toxic substances in dying effluent are aniline ( 20 mg/L ) andphenol ( 24 mg/L ). The main toxic substances in electroplating effluent are Zn ( 1 970 mg/L ). Cu (9 mg/L ) and Pb ( 7.5 mg/L ). The main toxic substances in pesticide effluent are monocrotophos andphosphite. The test results indicate that the lowest concentrations of dyeing, electroplating,pesticide effluents and their intermixture, having significant effect on the hatch rate anddevelopment of P. olivaceus embryos, are 0.5 %, 0.15 %, 0.25 % and 0.25 %, respectively; and theincipient LC_(50) of dyeing, electroplating, pesticide effluents and their intermixture are 3.38 % (2.29 %~3.87 % ), 0.81 % ( 0.71 % ~0. 92 % ). 1.57 % ( 1.37 %~1.82 % ) and 1.48 % ( 1.24 %~1.76% ). Based on the incipient LG_(50) values, the toxicity sequence of the three industrial effluentsis in the order of electroplating effluent > pesticide effluent > dyeing effluent. 展开更多
关键词 industrial effluent lefteye flounder embryos toxieity effect
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Acute toxicity of organochlorine insecticide endosulfan to the giant freshwater prawn Macrobrochium rosenbergii
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作者 戴习林 熊昭娣 +1 位作者 谢剑 丁福江 《Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2014年第1期111-119,共9页
Endosulfan, an organochlorine pesticide, is highly toxic and effective at controlling pests in agriculture, horticulture, and public health programs. In this study, static bioassays were used to evaluate the toxicity ... Endosulfan, an organochlorine pesticide, is highly toxic and effective at controlling pests in agriculture, horticulture, and public health programs. In this study, static bioassays were used to evaluate the toxicity of endosulfan to freshwater prawns( Macrobrachium rosenbergii) of various lengths(1.5±0.03,4±0.08, and 7±0.06 cm). Additionally, the activities of peroxidase(POD), acid phosphatase(ACP),alkaline phosphatase, acetylcholinesterase(AChE), and Na + /K +-ATPase were analyzed to refl ect the effects of endosulfan exposure. The 96 h LC 50 of endosulfan for prawns 1.5, 4, and 7 cm long were 1.86, 4.53,and 6.09μg/L, respectively, improved tolerance to endosulfan with growth. The POD activities of test organisms exposed to low concentrations of endosulfan were inhibited, indicating the presence of oxygen damaged tissue. Moreover, a notable decrease in AChE activity was observed due to overstimulation of neurotransmission, which might result in abnormal behavior. The effect caused by endosulfan on phosphatase production in the hepatopancreas of prawns 1.5, 4, and 7 cm long was different because the ability of nonspecifi c immune regulation increased with growth. The 96 h LC 50 values obtained in this study could be used in the formulation of water-quality criteria in China. Moreover, the changes in enzymes activities of M. rosenbergii under stress of endosulfan could be applied in the establishment of early warning indicators for bio-safety. 展开更多
关键词 HEPATOPANCREAS acetylcholinesterase (ACHE) peroxidase (POD) alkaline phosphatase (AKP) acid phosphatase (ACP) Na+/K+-ATPase
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扑螟虱可湿性粉剂
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《畜牧市场》 1996年第4期60-60,共1页
扑螟虱可湿性粉剂重庆市植保站扑螟虱是重庆市中稻穗期配方施药技术研究课题组研制的最新复配杀虫剂,由昆虫激素、沙蚕毒素、助剂等组成,有效成分含量50%,具有触杀、胃毒和内吸杀虫毒性,适用于稻田兼治稻飞虱、螟虫等多种害虫,... 扑螟虱可湿性粉剂重庆市植保站扑螟虱是重庆市中稻穗期配方施药技术研究课题组研制的最新复配杀虫剂,由昆虫激素、沙蚕毒素、助剂等组成,有效成分含量50%,具有触杀、胃毒和内吸杀虫毒性,适用于稻田兼治稻飞虱、螟虫等多种害虫,对稻飞虱的持效期可达30天,每袋6... 展开更多
关键词 可湿性粉剂 稻飞虱 重庆市 复配 有效成分含量 沙蚕毒素 施用时期 毒性 使用方法 施药技术
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Toxicity of organophosphorus pesticide sumithion on larval stages of stinging catfish Heteropneustes fossilis
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作者 Md.SHAHJAHAN Md.Farajul KABIR +2 位作者 Kizar Ahmed SUMON Lipi Rani BHOWMIK Harunur RASHID 《Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2017年第1期109-114,共6页
Sumithion is widely used to control brittle in paddy fields and tiger bug in fish larval rearing ponds. The objective of this study was to elucidate the toxic effects of sumithion on larval stages of stinging catfish ... Sumithion is widely used to control brittle in paddy fields and tiger bug in fish larval rearing ponds. The objective of this study was to elucidate the toxic effects of sumithion on larval stages of stinging catfish Heteropneustes fossilis. Larvae were exposed to two concentrations(150 and 250 μg/L) of sumithion with one control in three replicates of each. Larvae samples were collected at 20- and 24-h intervals followed by observation under a digital microscope. Exposures of stinging catfish larvae to sumithion produced deformities including irregular head shape, lordosis, yolk sac edema, body arcuation, tissue ulceration, etc. The mortality rates of larvae were significantly increased in response to increase in sumithion concentrations. Furthermore, around 30% of the total adult stinging catfish reared in sumithiontreated aquaculture ponds were found to be deformed permanently. These findings highlight that exposure of stinging catfish to sumithion at the critical and sensitive stages in their life cycle may significantly reduce the number of returning adults. Therefore, the use of sumithion for crop protection needs to be considered carefully and alternatives to sumithion should to be developed for controlling aquatic insects in aqua-ponds during larval rearing. 展开更多
关键词 environment organophosphorus pesticide fish toxicity
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Toxicity of selected insecticides against nymph of whitefly (Bemisia tabaci Gennadius)
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作者 Hazmi Awang Damit Fauziah Ismail +4 位作者 Low Seng Mook Siti Noor Hajjar Md Latip Mohd Rasdi Zaini Fairuz Khalid Kamaruzaman Jusoff 《Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology》 2009年第4期32-39,共8页
Bemisia tabaci is one of serious insect pests attacking vegetables and has been difficult to control using conventional insecticides. In the past 10 years, new insecticides have been introduced that provide a diversit... Bemisia tabaci is one of serious insect pests attacking vegetables and has been difficult to control using conventional insecticides. In the past 10 years, new insecticides have been introduced that provide a diversity of novel modes of action and routes of activity to effectively control whitefly. Consequently, intensive used of insecticides in vegetable cultivation has resulted in reduced susceptibility and develops resistance in agriculture industry. In controlling B. tabaci population, insecticides are the common method used by farmers. This study aimed to determine the most effective insecticide against B tabaci by using LC5o value. This study was conducted at the Crop Protection Laboratory, Faculty of Applied Science, Universiti Teknologi MARA Malaysia with the controlled room temperature of 24.33 ± 0.14℃ with dark and light ratio of 1:1 (12 hours: 12 hours) is an ideal condition for rearing the insect. The hypothesis of the study is to test if insecticides can control the nymph of whitefly. A total of 50 two-day-old nymphs were treated with insecticides using leaf-dip bioassay procedure. This experiment was replicated three times. The survival rates of the nymphs were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA). Data on toxicity was analyzed by a special Probit Programme-Single Line Analysis based on Finney (1971). There was a significant difference (df = 8, F = 85.84, P = 0.000) in survival rate of nymph ofB. tabaci to eight insecticides tested. Among the insecticides tested, dimethoate, chlorpyrifos + cypermethrin and diafenthiuron showed significantly higher survival rate of nymph compared to other treatments. When LC50 values were compared for diafenthiuron which is less potent (LCs0 ---- 2.44), abamectin was found to be 3.44 times more potent than diafenthiuron, followed by esfenvalerate,acetamiprid, profenofos, chlorpyrifos + cypermethrin and dimethoate, and the least potent was deltamethrin. The toxicity of eight insecticides tested against nymphs was in the following orders: abamectin = esfenvalerate = acetamiprid = profenofos =- chlorpyrifos + cypermethrin ≥ dimethoate ≥ deltamethrin 〉 diafenthiuron respectively. This study implies that a proper application of the insecticide is a key component to a successful control programme of insect oests. 展开更多
关键词 TOXICITY INSECTICIDE lethal concentration relativepotency WHITEFLY
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