油泥残渣固定化制作路面砖及性能评价

为了进一步解决油泥处理后残渣出路,实现资源化利用,将热洗除油脱水处理后油含量≤2%的油泥残渣,与水泥、膨润土、粉煤灰和离子添加剂混合固定化制作路面砖。正交实验表明,当油泥∶水泥∶膨润土∶粉煤灰∶离子添加剂=1∶0.2∶0.3∶0.3∶0.005的比例下,含油污泥固定化的效果最好,固定化后的实验样品抗压强度可以达到3.82Mpa,这个强度达到了JC/T446-2000《混凝土路面砖》的标准。路面砖毒性浸提实验结果表明,浸出液中各主要指标低于GB 5085.3-2007《危险废物鉴别标准浸出毒性鉴别》要求。通过经固定化制备路面砖可用于油田生产过程中井场、井排路等路面铺设,从而为油泥资源化处理提供一条新路径。

Environmental availability and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in zinc leaching residue

Four different methods,namely mineralogical analysis,three-stage BCR sequential extraction procedure,dynamic leaching test and Hakanson Potential Ecological Risk Index Method were used to access the environmental activity and potential ecological risks of heavy metals in zinc leaching residue.The results demonstrate that the environmental activity of heavy metals declines in the following order：CdZnCuAsPb.Potential ecological risk indices for single heavy metal are CdZnCuAsPb.Cd has serious potential ecological risk to the ecological environment and contributes most to the potential toxicity response indices for various heavy metals in the residue.

黄淮海地区鸡粪有机肥重金属含量特征及环境风险

本文调查黄淮海地区5省2市120种商品鸡粪有机肥样品,分析测定有机肥中Cu、Cd、Pb、Zn和As含量、形态分布以及浸提毒性.结果表明,有机肥中重金属含量差异较大,表现为Zn>Cu>Pb>As>Cd,与有机肥行业标准相比,Cd、As、Pb存在超标现象,分别为6.7%、47.05%和14.28%,不同省市间重金属含量差异明显.有机肥中Cd、Zn主要以铁锰结合态存在,分别占37.3%和43.79%(质量分数),而残渣态Pb、有机结合态Cu,交换态As比例较高.有机肥中TCLP-Zn、-Cu、-Cd、-Pb和-As含量分别为41.11、3.33、0.07、1.25和0.21 mg·kg^(-1),有机肥中Zn和Pb含量超标数为6和5个,分布在河北省和江苏省.有机肥中Zn、Cu、Cd和As总量与TCLP提取态含量存在显著相关性(P<0.05).按鸡粪有机肥年施肥量15t·hm-2推算鸡粪有机肥安全使用年限:河南>天津>安徽=山东=江苏>河北>北京.