房芝萱教授祖传秘方“甲字提毒粉”的临床研究

甲字提毒粉(以下简称“甲粉”)系清代御医秘方,是著名老中医房芝萱教授的祖传之方。北京中医医院外科经过三十余年的临床应用,证实对外科化脓性疮面有独特的疗效,是比较理想的外科外用药物。外科感染是外科领域中最普通的常见病、多发病,据统计占全部外科疾病的1/3以上。通过对甲粉临床及实验研究表明,甲粉具有化腐生肌、煨脓长肉的作用,对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、绿脓杆菌、变形杆菌等有明显抑菌作用。我们将甲粉与洗必泰等各类抗菌药物比较,发现甲粉作用强、持久,是一种理想的中医外用药物。

毒粉诱蝇笼诱杀成蝇方法探讨

近年来,由于大量使用杀虫剂来防治医学昆虫,使我市卫生害虫对其抗药性逐年增高,为了合理用药,提高防治水平及效果,我们进行了诱蝇笼加毒粉诱杀成蝇方法探讨,经初步试验效果良好。

甲字提毒粉药条换药法配合切开对口引流术治疗后位马蹄形肛瘘78例

目的分析和探讨中药甲字提毒粉配合切开对口引流术(Hanley手术)治疗后位马蹄形肛瘘的临床效果,为临床治疗方案的选择提供依据。方法将78例后位马蹄形肛瘘患者随机分成两组(每组39例):治疗组以中药甲字提毒粉药条配合Hanley手术进行治疗,对照组常规行改良Hanley手术,并配合术后凡士林纱条换药。对比两组患者的临床治疗效果、创面恢复时间、住院时间以及随访复发情况。结果治疗组在临床治愈率上优于对照组,治疗组总有效率97.44%,对照组总有效率87.18%,差异有显著性意义(P<0.05)。治疗组在内口愈合时间上较对照组短,差异有显著性意义(P<0.05)。结论甲字提毒粉结合Hanley手术治疗后位马蹄形肛瘘具有更高的治愈率,并且明显缩短了内口的愈合时间。

溴氰菊酯毒粉现场毒杀美洲大蠊效果观察

本文报道了溴氰菊酯毒粉现场用于毒杀美洲大蠊的效果观察。现场结果表明毒杀效果满意,蟑螂密度从施药前的219.3只/15分钟下降到施药后72小时的3.5只/15分钟,下降率达99.8%。文章对本剂型的使用特点作了简要讨论。

3种药剂对红火蚁防治效果的评价

在野外分别采用95%氟虫腈配制的毒粉、毒饵、毒粉毒饵混剂3种药剂处理红火蚁蚁丘,并以速杀效果和持效性作为防治评价指标进行试验。结果表明,毒粉毒饵混剂的速杀效果和持效性均较好,活动蚁丘减退率为91.73%;毒粉的速杀效果较好,但持效性差;毒饵的速杀效果比毒粉慢,但持效性较长。

城镇蚤类防治的研究

目的研究城镇家庭蚤类有效防治方法。方法实验室药效试验、现场防治试验。结果实验室条件下3种气雾剂,0.1%、0.2%、0.3%高效氯氰菊酯毒粉对印鼠客蚤24 h死亡率为100%;30 mg ai/m2高效氯氰菊酯、25 mg ai/m2顺式氯氰菊酯的可湿性粉剂和悬浮剂对印鼠客蚤在水泥板面上第45天杀灭率均达100%;现场条件气雾剂第1天RPI 9.88,第15天RPI 92.44,高效氯氰菊酯滞留喷洒、毒粉撒布、点状撒布第1天RPI分别为8.83、15.21、42.62,第15天RPI均为0。结论高效氯氰菊酯制剂采用滞留喷洒、毒粉撒布、点状撒布的用药方式可有效控制城镇家庭蚤类危害。

三种杀虫剂对甘蔗害虫的田间防治效果

4月中下旬,结合甘蔗苗期施肥,施用3.6%杀虫双颗粒剂、4.5%敌毒粉剂或3%杀螟丹粉剂75～90kg/hm2,试验结果表明:3种杀虫剂防治黑色蔗龟和蔗螟枯心苗防效达75%以上,可用作防治蔗龟、蔗螟的替代农药。

农家技校

农家技校存放农膜四忌一、忌有脏物。存放之前应把薄膜洗干净，否则易损坏，降低透明度，影响下一年使用。二、忌折叠重压。最好用棒卷起来存放，因为折叠易使农膜破裂，粘连，用时易撕碎。三、忌高温潮湿。温度过高薄膜易破裂，湿度太大，薄膜会粘连在一起不易分开。四、...

Effect of TYLCV Infection on Leaf Anatomical Structure and Protective Enzyme System of Tomato

[Objective] The aim was to study the effect of tomato yellow leaf curl virus （TYLCV） infection on leaf anatomical structure and protective enzyme system of tomato. [Method] The anatomical structure of infected and healthy leaves of tomato were observed and compared by using paraffin section method. The activity changes of SOD, POD and CAT in the infected leaves of tomato were determined. [ Result] The results revealed that there were some differences in anatomical structure between healthy and infected leaves. Some cells of infected leaves were damaged so that the leaves curled and became yellow, which affected the normal function of organs. Compared with control, enzyme activities in the tomato plants infected by TYLCV were enhanced at the early periods and higher than that in control, then started to decline at the middle and late periods but lower than that in control.[ Conclusion] After infection by TYLCV, the leaf anatomical structure of tomato was changed greatly and the protective enzyme system was damaged severely, and affected the normal physJological metabolic functions of tissues and organs in tomato in further.

Isolation and Characterization of Novel Chlorpyrifos Degrading Fungus Isaria Farinosa

Chlorpyrifos is a well known organophosphorus pesticide used worldwide. Microorganisms including bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes have been reported to be efficient degraders of chlorpyrifos. The present study was successful in isolating a novel fungus that could degrade chlorpyrifos effectively upto 800 ppm concentration. Morphological and molecular characterization studies revealed the identity of the fungus as Isariafarinosa.

The Best Dose for Sterilisation of Greenhouse Whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum （Westwood） （Hem.： Aleyrodidae） by Gamma Radiation

Greenhouse whitefly （GHWF）, Trialeurodes vaporariorum （Westwood） is a very important pest of greenhouse plants, but its resistance to pesticides has rendered it difficult to control by chemical methods in recent years. Sterile insect technique （SIT） is a biological control method which has been used in Area Wide Integrated Pest Management （AWIPM）. This study conducted the possibility of sterilising GHWF adults by gamma radiations emitted from cobalt 60. Longevity of the adults, and the amount of egg laying and sterilisation of eggs were determined under the influence of 50, 60, 70, 80, 90 Gy doses under controlled conditions （65 ± 5% RH, 25 ± 2 ℃, L/D = 16/8）. Normal insects were considered as control （0 dose）. The best combination for mating of normal and sterile adults （normal male × normal female as control, normal male and irradiated female, irradiated male × normal female, and irradiated male × irradiated female） was studied using a factorial design （n = 4）. Results showed that the best irradiating doses were 70 and 80 Gy for females and males respectively. Longevity of irradiated males and females was not significantly different from that of non-irradiated specimens. The best mating model was irradiated males and females.

Regulation of Talcum Powder in Cosmetics at Home and Abroad

The article introduced the toxicological information of talcum powder, analyzed the relevant requirements on talcum powder in cosmetics and the impurity asbestos in China, the EU, the US, and Canada, and the safety of the substance is also evaluated to help regulators and relevant enterprises understand its hazards and to promote consumers' awareness of talcum powder.

Prediction of antigenic determinants of trichosanthin by molecular modeling

The antigenic determinants of trichosanthin were predicted by molecular modeling. First, the threedimensional structure model of the antigen-binding fragment of anti-trichosanthin immunoglobulin E was built on the basis of its amino-acid sequence and the known three-dimensional structure of an antibody with similar sequence. Secondly, the preferable antigen-antibody interactions were obtained based on the known three-dimensional structure of trichosanthin and of the hypervariable regions of anti-trichosanthin immunoglobulin E. Two regions in the molecular surface of trichosanthin were found to form extensive interactions with the hypervariable regions of the antibody and have been predicted to be the possible antigenic determinants: one is composed of two polypeptide segments, Ile201-Glu210 and Ile225-Asp229, which are close to each other in the three-dimensional structure; and the other is the segment Lys173-Thr178. The former region seems to be the more reasonable antigenic determinant than the latter one.

Antifungal Activity of Lactic Acid Bacteria, Isolated from Bulgarian Wheat and Rye Flour

The economic losses and the health hazards of the mycotoxins produced by spoilage fungi are the main concerns of the food industry. The spoilage of bakery products by fungi is more common in countries with a high humidity and temperature. About 5-10% of food production is spoiled by the growth of yeast and fungi in food materials. Similarly, in Western Europe, the growth of the spoilage fungi of bread is estimated to reach more than 200 million Euros per year. The history conditions of the food can be a major factor in determining any fungal spoilage--for example, stored and processed foods are more sensitive to spoilage when compared with fresh and prepared foods. Lactic acid bacteria isolated from Bulgarian wheat and rye flour were used in the present study to check their antifungal properties against pathogenic yeast and fungi imperfecta using standard disc diffusion method in vitro. A broad spectrum of antifungal activity of the six newly identified as L. plantarum strains e Tsl, Ts2, Ts3,Ts4 and Ts5, and L. helveticus Ts6 was estimated. Our in vitro studies were performed with wheat and rye sourdough, in order to simulate a real product and to assess the bio-protective potential of the tested lactobacilli. The used test-cultures are representatives of carcinogenic, toxigenic, deteriorative and allergenic fungi from the genera .4spergillus and Penicillium. The all tested strains completely suppress the growth of against C. glabrata 72. Strains L. plantarum Tsl and Ts3 completely suppress the growth against S. cerevisae. While, in the sample with L. plantarum strains e Tsl, Ts2, Ts3,Ts4 and Ts5, and L. helveticus Ts6, a retarded and weak growth of A. niger and P. claviforme was observed. However, the spore germination and the colony growth started only on the fifth day of the mould lactobacilli co-cultivation, which also should be considered as a good result. In this study six isolates Tsl,Ts2, Ts3, Ts4, Ts5 and Ts6, from the traditional Bulgarian wheat and rye flour have been identified as L. plantarum and L. helveticus and characterized as cultures with promising antifungal activity. Obtained results from the combined molecular identification （16S rRNA gene sequencing） approach contribute to give new data on the microbial biodiversity of this not well-studied niche. The antifungal activity of our new isolates, identified as L. plantarum and L. helveticus, seems to be a promising advantage of these six strains, suggesting their potential applications in different food technologies. However, more experiments have to be conducted to clarify the nature and the mechanisms of the reported antifungal activity and they are still in progress. The combination of dairy origin and strong inhibitory activity of the lactobacillus strains is a prerequisite for their possible application as starters and/or bioprotective antifungal adjuncts.

PROPERTIES OF PROTEOLYTIC TOXIN OF VIBRIO ANGUILLARUM FROM DISEASED FLOUNDER

Extracellular products (ECP) produced by Vibrio anguillarum strain M3 originally isolated from diseased flounder ( Paralichthys olivaceus ) were prepared. ECP of M3 showed gelatinase, casinase, amylase and haemolytic activity on agarose plates. High protease activity against azocasin was detected. Bacterium M3 showed highest growth and protease activity at 25℃. The protease present in ECP showed maximal activity at pH 8 and 55℃; was completely inactivated by application of 80℃ heat for 30 min; was completely inhibited by EDTA and HgCl 2, and was partially inhibited by PMSF, SDS, MnCl 2 and iodoacetic acid; but not inhibited by CaCl 2 and MgCl 2. The ECP was toxic to flounder fish at LD 50 values of 3.1 μg protein /g body weight. The addition of HgCl 2 and application of heat at 50℃ decreased the lethal toxicity of ECP. When heated at 100℃, ECP lethality to flounder was completely inhibited. After intramuscular injection of ECP into flounder, it showed evident histopathological changes including necrosis of muscle, extensive deposition of haemosiderin in the spleen, dilated blood vessels congested with numerous lymphocytes in the liver. These results showed that ECP protease was a lethal factor produced by the bacterium V. anguillarum M3.

Toxicity of selected insecticides against nymph of whitefly （Bemisia tabaci Gennadius）

Bemisia tabaci is one of serious insect pests attacking vegetables and has been difficult to control using conventional insecticides. In the past 10 years, new insecticides have been introduced that provide a diversity of novel modes of action and routes of activity to effectively control whitefly. Consequently, intensive used of insecticides in vegetable cultivation has resulted in reduced susceptibility and develops resistance in agriculture industry. In controlling B. tabaci population, insecticides are the common method used by farmers. This study aimed to determine the most effective insecticide against B tabaci by using LC5o value. This study was conducted at the Crop Protection Laboratory, Faculty of Applied Science, Universiti Teknologi MARA Malaysia with the controlled room temperature of 24.33 ± 0.14℃ with dark and light ratio of 1：1 （12 hours： 12 hours） is an ideal condition for rearing the insect. The hypothesis of the study is to test if insecticides can control the nymph of whitefly. A total of 50 two-day-old nymphs were treated with insecticides using leaf-dip bioassay procedure. This experiment was replicated three times. The survival rates of the nymphs were analyzed using analysis of variance （ANOVA）. Data on toxicity was analyzed by a special Probit Programme-Single Line Analysis based on Finney （1971）. There was a significant difference （df = 8, F = 85.84, P = 0.000） in survival rate of nymph ofB. tabaci to eight insecticides tested. Among the insecticides tested, dimethoate, chlorpyrifos ＋ cypermethrin and diafenthiuron showed significantly higher survival rate of nymph compared to other treatments. When LC50 values were compared for diafenthiuron which is less potent （LCs0 ---- 2.44）, abamectin was found to be 3.44 times more potent than diafenthiuron, followed by esfenvalerate,acetamiprid, profenofos, chlorpyrifos ＋ cypermethrin and dimethoate, and the least potent was deltamethrin. The toxicity of eight insecticides tested against nymphs was in the following orders： abamectin = esfenvalerate = acetamiprid = profenofos =- chlorpyrifos ＋ cypermethrin ≥ dimethoate ≥ deltamethrin 〉 diafenthiuron respectively. This study implies that a proper application of the insecticide is a key component to a successful control programme of insect oests.

杀灭残存小家鼠的三种方法探讨

在粉迹法调查鼠密度5％以下的区域,用中号夹1米1夹密集布放、20％磷化锌毒粉和0.05％敌鼠钠盐面粉毒饵三种方法杀灭残存小家鼠,分别在发现鼠迹处进行比较试验,从效果、省时、安全、简便等方面考虑,笔者认为密集夹捕法较为理想。

Viral infection of tobacco plants improves performance of Bemisia tabaci but more so for an invasive than for an indigenous biotype of the whitefly

The ecological effects of plant-virus-vector interactions on invasion of alien plant viral vectors have been rarely investigated. We examined the transmission of Tomato yellow leaf cur/China virus （TYLCCNV） by the invasive Q biotype and the indigenous ZHJ2 biotype of the whitefly Bemisia tabaci, a plant viral vector, as well as the influence of TYLCCNV-infection of plants on the performance of the two whitefly biotypes. Both whitefly biotypes were able to acquire viruses from infected plants and retained them in their bodies, but were unable to transmit them to either tobacco or tomato plants. However, when the Q biotype fed on tobacco plants infected with TYLCCNV, its fecundity and longevity were increased by 7- and 1-fold, respectively, compared to those of the Q biotype fed on uninfected tobacco plants. When the ZHJ2 biotype fed on virus-infected plants, its fecundity and longevity were increased by only 2- and 0.5-fold, respectively. These data show that the Q biotype acquired higher beneficial effects from TYLCCNV-infection of tobacco plants than the ZHJ2 biotype. Thus, the Q biotype whitefly may have advantages in its invasion and displacement of the indigenous ZHJ2 biotype.