思密达吸附小分子尿毒素物质的实验与临床观察

目的：观察思密达对肌酐(Cr)．尿素氮(BUN)．尿酸(UA)，无机磷(Pi)及钾离子(K^+)的吸附能力。方法：以健康人新鲜稀释尿液中Cr、BUN、UA、Pi、K^+作为溶质，以思密达，爱希特，包醛氧淀粉作为吸附剂。结果：思密达的吸附能力优于包醛氧淀粉及爱希特。结论：思密达对小分子尿毒素物质的吸附作用最佳。

鬼臼毒素类生物活性物质的研究概况

对鬼臼毒素类物质的资源、药理、毒理及杀虫作用等研究领域的现状作了简要叙述 ,讨论了进一步研究这一类化合物的重要意义 ,特别是借鉴药理学研究结果进行毒理学研究 ,可能会加速该类化合物杀虫活性的研究和开发。

赤芍拮抗内毒素活性物质的分离及生物学活性研究

目的 通过生物传感器技术，应用常规分离技术寻找赤芍中的非鞣质类的抗LPS活性成分。方法 以生物传感器技术和薄层色谱技术为指导，建立赤芍抗LPS成分的有效提取方法。再利用高效液相色谱技术（HPLC）从赤芍中定向分离出具有拮抗LPS作用的活性组分。最后对其进行拮抗LPS活性的药理学评价。结果 利用生物传感器技术完成了对不同产地和不同煎煮方法的赤芍拮抗LPS活性的筛选，确定出醇提法的四川的赤芍中拈抗LPS活性成分的含量最高。并从中定向分离出6个具有与Lipid A结合活性的组分。

乳粉中黄曲霉毒素M1残留标准物质研制

通过饲喂牛的方式获得乳粉中黄曲霉毒素M1阳性乳品,经冷冻干燥、混匀、包装、分装、辐照灭菌制备了乳粉中黄曲霉毒素M1标准物质。6家实验室均采用液相色谱-同位素稀释质谱法对乳粉中黄曲霉毒素M1标准物质进行联合定值。分别采用F检验和t检验对标准物质进行均匀性、稳定性检验,结果表明该标准物质均匀性与稳定性良好,均符合标准物质定值技术要求。对定值结果进行不确定度评定,乳粉中黄曲霉毒素M1残留标准物质定值结果为(2.45±0.41)μg/kg,k=2。该标准物质可用于乳品中黄曲霉毒素M1的日常质量控制及定量检测。

怀牛膝中外源性有害物质研究

目的:研究豫产道地药材怀牛膝中二氧化硫、黄曲霉毒素、重金属及有害元素、农药残留等外源性有害物质污染的情况。方法:采用滴定法、高效液相色谱法-光化学衍生、电感耦合等离子体质谱、气相色谱-质谱联用、液相色谱-质谱联用分析方法分别对怀牛膝中二氧化硫、4种黄曲霉毒素、5种重金属及有害元素、33种禁用农药残留进行定性及定量测定。结果:测定的30批怀牛膝样品中二氧化硫残留量测定值均低于《中国药典》2020版四部通则0212中规定药材及饮片(矿物类除外)的二氧化硫残留量限值;黄曲霉毒素均未检出;重金属及有害元素残留量测定结果为铅0.3~1.0μg/g、镉0.03~0.09μg/g、砷0.1~0.4μg/g、汞含量均小于检出限、铜3~6μg/g,回收率范围为86.8%~107.8%;33种禁用农药残留量结果均低于《中国药典》2020版四部通则0212中规定的定量限,回收率为73.3%~90.9%。结论:本研究所收集怀牛膝样品中外源性有害物质测定结果均低于法定或指导性限值,总体安全性良好。

鸡粪堆肥过程中各种氮化合物的变化及腐熟度评价指标

在对鸡粪腐解过程中各形态氮变化研究的基础上,探讨了鸡粪堆肥腐熟度评价指标。结果表明,Hydrolyzable-N/TN和NH_4^+-N/TN是评价鸡粪堆肥腐熟程度的优选指标,Aminoacid-N/TN、NO_3^--N/TN和NH4+-N/NO_3^--N是评价鸡粪堆肥腐熟程度的一般指标,即Hydrolyzable-N/TN为14.59%、NH+4-N/TN为9.87%、Aminoacid-N/TN为14.58%、NO_3^--N/TN为28.14%、NH_4^+-N/NO_3^--N为0.325时,鸡粪堆肥基本达到腐熟。但是,判断堆肥腐熟度时应根据多种指标(包括生物学、化学、物理学指标)综合判断,除了与氮素有关的化学指标外,还有待于结合其他各项指标进行综合判断堆肥是否腐熟。

高通量血液透析治疗维持血透终末期肾病患者的临床效果

目的:探讨高能量血液透析(HFHD)治疗维持血透终末期肾病(ESRD)患者的临床疗效。方法:84例ESRD患者均分为HFHD组和常规血液透析(HD)组,收集2组患者的一般资料和并发症发生情况;于治疗前和治疗6个月时取2组患者空腹静脉血,采用放射免疫法检测血清肌酐(SCr)、血尿素氮(BUN)、血磷(P^3+)、血钾(K^+)、血清白蛋白(ALB)、血清全段甲状旁腺激素(iPTH)、β2-微球蛋白(β2-MG)及同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)水平。结果:与治疗前比较,2组患者治疗后血清SCr、BUN、P^3+、K^+、iPTH、β2-MG及Hcy水平均下降(P<0.05),但HFHD组治疗后血清ALB升高、常规HD组ALB降低(P<0.05);HFHD组患者治疗后血清iPTH、β2-MG及Hcy均低于常规HD组(P<0.05);2组患者HD治疗期间均无死亡病例,HFHD组患者心血管病变和关节病变发生率分别低于常规HD组,低血压发生率则高于常规HD组(P<0.05)。结论:HFHD清除ESRD患者血清iPTH、β2-MG及Hcy的效果优于常规HD,可降低心血管病变、腕管综合征发生风险,但需注意低血压的发生。

Toxicity and bioaccumulation of heavy metals in Phanerochaete chrysosporium

The responses of the growth and metabolism activity of Phanerochaete chrysosporium （P. chrysosporium） to cadmium （Cd）, lead （Pb） and their combined pollution stress, were investigated in plate and liquid culture conditions. The diameter of colony, biomass ofP. chrysosporium, ligninolytic enzyme activities and bioaccumulation quantity of heavy metals were detected. The results indicated that Cd was more toxic than Pb to P. chrysosporium and the toxicity of Cd and Pb to P. chrysosporium was further strengthened under Cd＋Pb combined pollution in different culture conditions. Heavy metals Cd and Pb had indirect influence on the production of ligninolytic enzymes by directly affecting the fungal growth and metabolic activity, and by another way in liquid culture. In addition, the results provided an evidence of the accumulation of Cd and Pb on the mycelia ofP. chrysosporium.

The Antagonistic Action of Heat-Clearing and Detoxifying Chinese Drugs on Endotoxins

In the recent decade, interest in treatment and prevention of many critical, severe and acute diseases caused by bacterial endotoxins has been aroused along with the advance of the knowledge on the nature of the endotoxin and the conditions involved. In abroad, attention has been mainly payed to raising antisera and monocolonal antibodies against the endotoxin and the induced mediators. However, the allergic reactions and the cost are still the problems. Till now, there is no drug that can antagonize endotoxin with high effectiveness and low toxicity. Clinical treatments are still confined in inhibiting or killing the pathogen, and correcting the internal environmental disturbance. Being less toxic and rich in resources with low cost and less side-effects, screening of effective Chinese drugs for antagonizing endotoxin is of important and practical significance. Endotoxin belongs to the category of toxic evils, or more precisely, the heat toxin in TCM. Therefore the application of heat-clearing and detoxifying Chinese drugs to antagonizing endotoxins is consistent with the theory of TCM. Some achievements in this field are reported as follows.

Labeling of influenza viruses with synthetic fluorescent and biotin-labeled lipids

Direct labeling of virus particles is a powerful tool for the visualization of virus–cell interaction events. However, this technique involves the chemical modification of viral proteins that affects viral biological properties. Here we describe an alternative approach of influenza virus labeling that utilizes Function-Spacer-Lipid(FSL) constructs that can be gently inserted into the virus membrane. We assessed whether labeling with fluorescent(fluo-Ad-DOPE) or biotin-labeled(biot-CMG2-DOPE) probes has any deleterious effect on influenza virus hemagglutinin(HA) receptor specificity, neuraminidase(NA) activity, or replicative ability in vitro. Our data clearly show that neither construct significantly affected influenza virus infectivity or viral affinity to sialyl receptors. Neither construct influenced the NA activities of the influenza viruses tested, except the A/Puerto Rico/8/34(H1N1) strain. Our data indicate that lipid labeling provides a powerful tool to analyze influenza virus infection in vitro.

Detection of bacterial endotoxin in paclitaxel liposome

Based on current research, there are three technologies during the test of bacterial endotoxin of liposomes：（1） extraction of bacterial endotoxin from liposomes;（2） addition of bacterial endotoxin in the process of recovery test; and（3） elimination of the interference factors from drugs and excipients. In the present study, we pointed out that the key technologies to test bacterial endotoxin from paclitaxel liposome included following steps： extraction of bacterial endotoxins from ethanol-dissolved liposomes; preparation of positive control of recovery solution by adding 0.01 m L standard endotoxins in 1 m L liposome ethanol solution; and the use of 0.5% human albumin to eliminate the interference from detection, and accurate detection of the bacterial endotoxin of liposomes.