AIM： To explore the effect of Astraga/us mongholicus polysaccharide （APS） on gene expression and mitogenactivated protein kinase （MAPK） transcriptional activity in intestinal epithelial cells （IEC）. METHODS： I...AIM： To explore the effect of Astraga/us mongholicus polysaccharide （APS） on gene expression and mitogenactivated protein kinase （MAPK） transcriptional activity in intestinal epithelial cells （IEC）. METHODS： IEC were divided into control group, lipopolysaccharide （LPS） group, LPS＋ 50 μg/mL APS group, LPS＋ 100 μg/mL APS group, LPS＋ 200 μg/mL APS group, and LPS＋ 500 μg/mL APS group. Levels of mRNAs in LPS-induced inflammatory factors, tumor necrosis factor （TNF）-α and interleukin （IL）-8, were measured by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. MAPK protein level was measured by Western blotting. RESULTS： The levels of TNF-α and IL-8 mRNAs were significantly higher in IEC with LPS-induced damage than in control cells. APS significantly abrogated the LPS-induced expression of the TNF-α and IL-8 genes. APS did not block the activation of extracellular signal- regulated kinase or c Jun amino-terminal kinase, but inhibited the activation of p38, suggesting that APS inhibits LPS-induced production of TNF-α and IL-8 mRNAs, possibly by suppressing the p38 signaling pathway.CONCLUSION： APS-modulated bacterial productmediated p38 signaling represents an attractive strategy for prevention and treatment of intestinal inflammation.展开更多
AIM： To identify and compare the profile of Ca^2＋ channel subunit expression in INS-1 and rat pancreatic β cells.METHODS： The rat insulin-secreting INS-1 cell line was cultured in RPMI-1640 with Wistar rats employ...AIM： To identify and compare the profile of Ca^2＋ channel subunit expression in INS-1 and rat pancreatic β cells.METHODS： The rat insulin-secreting INS-1 cell line was cultured in RPMI-1640 with Wistar rats employed as islet donors. Ca^2＋ channel subunit expression in INS-1 and isolated rat β cells were examined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR）. Absolute real-time quantitative PCR was performed in a Bio-Rad iQ5 Gradient Real Time PCR system and the data analyzed using an iQ5 system to identify the expression level of the Ca^2＋ channel subunits. RESULTS： In INS-1 cells, the L-type Ca^2＋ channel 1C subunit had the highest expression level and the TPRM2 subunit had the second highest expression. In rat β cells, the TPRC4β subunit expression was dominant and the expression of the L-type lC subunit exceeded the 1D subunit expression about two-fold. This result agreed with other studies, confirming the important role of the L-type lC subunit in insulinsecreting cells, and suggested that non-voltage-operated Ca^2＋ channels may have an important role in biphasic insulin secretion. CONCLUSION： Twelve major Ca^2＋ channel subunit types were identified in INS-1 and rat β cells and significant differences were observed in the expression of certain subunits between these cells.展开更多
Jingju actor and director Wu Hsing-kuo＇s （吴兴国） Lear Is Here （2001） is a 90-minute solo performance adapted from Shakespeare＇s King Lear and performed injingju style. In this performance, he alternately perfor...Jingju actor and director Wu Hsing-kuo＇s （吴兴国） Lear Is Here （2001） is a 90-minute solo performance adapted from Shakespeare＇s King Lear and performed injingju style. In this performance, he alternately performs 10 male and female characters including himself injingju role types ofsheng （male）, dan （female）,jing （painted face）, mo, and chou （clown） in search 0f dual identities. This paper will investigate Wu＇s performance in Lear Is Here from three directions： First, how Wu subtly combines Shakespearean dramatic tension and psychological complex, his versatilejingju performing styles, and Brechtian alienation effect in developing his unique artistic flair？ What are at stake of such an eclectic performance？ Second, in the rooting and re-routing of both Shakespearean plays andjingju acting style where Wu Hsing-kuo meets King Lear, how Wu articulates the meticulous details of both source culture and target culture while at once extracting them out of context to interweave and re-articulate them into an eclectic intercultural theater？ Third, investigating the cultural exchange, bicroleurs, audience reception, and production mode of the work, the author will try to do away with the ＂authenticity＂ or ＂representativeness＂ of either the East or the West, but explore the possibilities of the hybrid theater in search of alternative aesthetic and emerging performance genre展开更多
文摘研究语言行为(speech act)的人,常常谈到一则笑话:张三问李四:“你那头驴上回犟得不行,你都给它灌什么来着?”“煤焦油!”,李四回答说。没过几天,张三找到李四埋怨说:“嗳,我给驴灌了煤焦油,为嘛它死了?”李四无精打采地说:“我那头不也死了嘛!” 李四并非答非所问,也没有说谎。问题出在,他违犯了交谈时应遵守的合作准则(maxims of cooperativeness)三条中的两条:一条是应该充分提供信息(imformativeness),另一条是应该简单明嘹(clarity)。
文摘AIM： To explore the effect of Astraga/us mongholicus polysaccharide （APS） on gene expression and mitogenactivated protein kinase （MAPK） transcriptional activity in intestinal epithelial cells （IEC）. METHODS： IEC were divided into control group, lipopolysaccharide （LPS） group, LPS＋ 50 μg/mL APS group, LPS＋ 100 μg/mL APS group, LPS＋ 200 μg/mL APS group, and LPS＋ 500 μg/mL APS group. Levels of mRNAs in LPS-induced inflammatory factors, tumor necrosis factor （TNF）-α and interleukin （IL）-8, were measured by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. MAPK protein level was measured by Western blotting. RESULTS： The levels of TNF-α and IL-8 mRNAs were significantly higher in IEC with LPS-induced damage than in control cells. APS significantly abrogated the LPS-induced expression of the TNF-α and IL-8 genes. APS did not block the activation of extracellular signal- regulated kinase or c Jun amino-terminal kinase, but inhibited the activation of p38, suggesting that APS inhibits LPS-induced production of TNF-α and IL-8 mRNAs, possibly by suppressing the p38 signaling pathway.CONCLUSION： APS-modulated bacterial productmediated p38 signaling represents an attractive strategy for prevention and treatment of intestinal inflammation.
基金Supported by The Tsinghua-Yue-Yuan Medical Science Fund,No20240000568
文摘AIM： To identify and compare the profile of Ca^2＋ channel subunit expression in INS-1 and rat pancreatic β cells.METHODS： The rat insulin-secreting INS-1 cell line was cultured in RPMI-1640 with Wistar rats employed as islet donors. Ca^2＋ channel subunit expression in INS-1 and isolated rat β cells were examined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR）. Absolute real-time quantitative PCR was performed in a Bio-Rad iQ5 Gradient Real Time PCR system and the data analyzed using an iQ5 system to identify the expression level of the Ca^2＋ channel subunits. RESULTS： In INS-1 cells, the L-type Ca^2＋ channel 1C subunit had the highest expression level and the TPRM2 subunit had the second highest expression. In rat β cells, the TPRC4β subunit expression was dominant and the expression of the L-type lC subunit exceeded the 1D subunit expression about two-fold. This result agreed with other studies, confirming the important role of the L-type lC subunit in insulinsecreting cells, and suggested that non-voltage-operated Ca^2＋ channels may have an important role in biphasic insulin secretion. CONCLUSION： Twelve major Ca^2＋ channel subunit types were identified in INS-1 and rat β cells and significant differences were observed in the expression of certain subunits between these cells.
文摘Jingju actor and director Wu Hsing-kuo＇s （吴兴国） Lear Is Here （2001） is a 90-minute solo performance adapted from Shakespeare＇s King Lear and performed injingju style. In this performance, he alternately performs 10 male and female characters including himself injingju role types ofsheng （male）, dan （female）,jing （painted face）, mo, and chou （clown） in search 0f dual identities. This paper will investigate Wu＇s performance in Lear Is Here from three directions： First, how Wu subtly combines Shakespearean dramatic tension and psychological complex, his versatilejingju performing styles, and Brechtian alienation effect in developing his unique artistic flair？ What are at stake of such an eclectic performance？ Second, in the rooting and re-routing of both Shakespearean plays andjingju acting style where Wu Hsing-kuo meets King Lear, how Wu articulates the meticulous details of both source culture and target culture while at once extracting them out of context to interweave and re-articulate them into an eclectic intercultural theater？ Third, investigating the cultural exchange, bicroleurs, audience reception, and production mode of the work, the author will try to do away with the ＂authenticity＂ or ＂representativeness＂ of either the East or the West, but explore the possibilities of the hybrid theater in search of alternative aesthetic and emerging performance genre
