用户比特化交往的风险与优化策略

随着当前媒介化发展进程的不断加速,由媒介链接起的数字虚拟社会中,用户与用户在平台中介的链接下形成了与传统不同 的数字交往形态,即以人际传播贯通、人机虚拟主导、技术作用支撑的比特化交往,这种强调开放、无边、共享与联合的新型交往形 态重塑媒介社会连接的同时,也隐匿着新的风险,本文从用户视角对其感知到的交往风险进行探究,由此提出相应的规避策略。

比特化:网络时代的文学巨变

随着数字技术的发展,网络媒介的崛起,信息传播的原子形式正越来越多地被比特形式所代替。当数字化的图像与声音叙事变得比写字更简便、更经济、更普及的时候,崛起于印刷时代的小说王朝必将在这个新兴声像帝国面前土崩瓦解。在这种背景下,由"原子"转向"比特",必将成为新世纪文学生产与消费的最为重要的特征。

比特化敏捷减枝的KVABS算法

借助于课题实验环境的医疗云平台,利用比特化敏捷减枝方法改进Apriori算法,得到更简单快速的KVABS算法,对医学干预数据进行分析,挖掘出H型高血压病理成因的主要影响因子。实验结果表明,基于比特化敏捷减枝的KVABS算法性能较经典Apriori算法有明显提升,降低了算法的时间复杂度。

守望比特之城——来自赛博空间的思考

人类的本质在于其独特的文化生存方式。在比特化的今天,理想的文化生存图景又该如何建构?美国麻省理工学院教授威廉.米切尔开出了“比特之城”的药方。数字化技术和网络技术的发展直接导致了比特化的文化和文化的比特化。面对亦真亦幻的比特之城,保持文化主体的反思性是建构理想的文化生存图景之必然选择。

Soil Physical and Chemical Properties of Five Subtropical Forests in Lingao of Hainan

With 5 types of typical forests as research object, the physical and chemical properties of different types of forests were analyzed by sample plot investigation method. The results showed that： the soil total porosity was the highest in the Casuarina equisetifolia forest （46.168%）, but the lowest in the Encalyptus robusta forest （39.46%）. The soil capillary porosity was the highest in the Acacia mangium forest （22.57%）, but the lowest in the secondary forest （18.95%）. The soil water content was the highest in the C. equisetifolia forest, with a mean value of 27.85%, but the lowest in the secondary forest, with a mean value of 4.34%. The soil pH values were in the range of 4.81-6.59, the soils in the A. mangium forest, C. equisetifolia forest and E. robusta forest were strongly acidic （pH 4.5-5.5）, and the soils in the secondary forest and C. nucifera forest were weakly acidic. The soils had organic matter contents in the range of 0.34-28.68 g/kg, and showed an order of A. mangium forest〉C. equisetifolia forest〉E. robusta forest〉secondary forest〉C. nucifera forest, with a decreasing trend with the soil depth increasing. The soil total N contents were in the range of 0.10-1.63 g/kg, the A. mangium forest showed the highest soil total N contents, while the C. nucifera forest exhibited the lowest soil total N contents; the soil total P contents were in the range of 0.21-1.74 g/kg, and the E. robusta forest had the highest soil total P contents; and the soil total K contents were in the range of 0.16-2.15 g/kg, and the A. mangium forest exhibited the highest soil total K contents. The soil available P contents were in the range of 0.98-132.46 mg/kg; and the secondary forests had the highest soil available P contents; and the soil rapidly available K contents were in the range of 3.03-27.35 mg/kg, and the C. nucifera forest exhibited the highest soil rapidly available K contents. The soil ammonium N contents were in the range of 1.38-5.15 mg/kg, and the nitrate N contents were in the range were in the range of 0.56 -3.51 mg/kg. The A. mangium forest showed the highest soil nitrate N contents （with a mean value of 2.29 mg/kg） and ammonium N contents （with a mean value of 3.93 mg/kg）. For the same forest type, with the increase of soil depth, the nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen content also showed a decreasing trend.

Dynamics of Quantum Discord in Asymmetric and Local Non-Markovian Environments

The non-Markovian decoherence of quantum and classical correlations is analytically obtained when two qubits are asymmetrically subjected to the bit flip channel and phase flip channel. For one class of initial mixed states, quantum correlations quantified by quantum discord decay synchronously with classical correlations. The discovery that the decaying rates of quantum and classical correlations suddenly change at the characteristic time is physically interpreted by the distance from quantum state to the closest classical states. In a large time interval, quantum correlations are greater than classical correlations. The quantum and classical correlations can be preserved over a longer period of time via the kernel characterizing the environment memory effects.

A Singlet State Generated with SQUIDs in Cavity QED

We propose a scheme to generate a three-qubit three-IeveI singlet state in cavity QED, by placing three A-type SQUIDs in a single mode cavity. In this scheme, we make use of the interaction between the SQUIDs and cavity filed, and the classical pulses. The cavity fields are in vacuum state during the whole operation processes of creating the entanglement, and there is no quantum information transformation between the SQUIDs and cavity fields. Because of the advantage of the SQUID-cavity system, the quality factor of the cavity is greatly relaxed.

Lack of association between seroprevalence of Helicobacterpylori infection and primary biliary cirrhosis

AIM:To determine the association between seroprevalence of Helicobacter pylori(H pylori)infection and primary biliary cirrhosis(PBC). METHODS:In this case-control study,149 consecutive patients(10 males,139 females,mean age 58.2±11 years, range 26-82 years)suffering from PBC and 619 consecutive healthy volunteer blood donors(523 males,96 females, mean age 47±5.3 years,range 18-65 years)attending the Hospital Blood Bank and residing in the same area were recruited.A commercial enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect anti-H pylori(IgG)antibodies in serum. RESULTS:AnUbodies to Hpyloriwere present in 78(52.3%) out of 149 PBC-patients and in 291(47%)out of 619 volunteers(P=0.24,OR 1.24,95% CI 0.85-1.80).In the subjects less than 60 years old,the prevalence of H pylori infection among PBC-patients(40/79)was slightly higher than in controls(50.6% vs 46.2%)P=0.46,OR=1.19,95% CI:0.72-1.95).In those over 60 years,the prevalence of Hpylori infection was similar between PBC-patients and controls(54.2% vs57.8%,P=0.7,OR 0.86,95% CI 0.36- 2.07). CONCLUSION:There is no association between seroprevalence of H pylori in fection and primary biliary cirrhosis.

Neither gastric topological distribution nor principle virulence genes of Helicobacter pylori contributes to clinical outcomes

AIM: Studies on Helicobacter pylori (H pylon) and gastroduodenal diseases have focused mainly on the distal sites of the stomach, but relationship with the gastric cardia is lacking. The aim of this study is to determine if the gastric topology and genotypic distribution of Hpyloriwere associated with different upper gastrointestinal pathologies in a multiethnic Asian population. METHODS: Gastric biopsies from the cardia, body/corpus and antrum were endoscoped from a total of 155 patients with dyspepsia and/or reflux symptoms, with informed consent. H pylori isolates obtained were tested for the presence of 26kDa, ureC, cagA, vacA, iceA1, iceA2 and babA2 genes using PCR while DNA fingerprints were generated using random amplification polymorphic DNA (RAPD). RESULTS: Hpyloriwas present in 51/155 (33%) of patients studied. Of these, 16, 15 and 20 were isolated from patients with peptic ulcer diseases, gastroesophageal reflux diseases and non-ulcer dyspepsia, respectively. Of the Hpyloripositive patients, 75% (38/51) had Hpyloriin all three gastric sites. The prevalence of various genes in the H pylori isolates was shown to be similar irrespective of their colonization sites as well as among the same site of different patients. The RAPD profiles of H pylori isolates from different gastric sites were highly similar among intra-patients but varied greatly between different patients. CONCLUSION: Topographic colonization of H pylori and the virulence genes harboured by these isolates have no direct bearing to the clinical state of the patients. In multiethnic Singapore, the stomach of each patient is colonized by a predominant strain of H pylori，irrespective of the clinical diagnosis.

Effects of Anisotropy on Entanglement in a Two-Qubit Heisenberg XYZ Chain with Intrinsic Decoherence

Taking the intrinsic decoherence effect into account, the entanglement ofa two-qubit anisotropic Heisenberg XYZ chain in the presence of the Dzyaloshinski Moriya （DM） anisotropic antisymetric interaction is investigated in this paper. Concurrence, the measurement of entanglement, is calculated. Compared with the anisotropic in XY plane, the DM interaction is another kind of anisotropic antisymmetrie exchange interaction. It is shown that the intrinsic decoherence obviously suppresses the time evolution of the entanglement. The DM interaction only acts on the time evolution of the entanglement when the initial state is [ψ（0）〉 = cosα｜01〉 ＋ sinα｜10〉 and weakens the degree of entanglement. The anisotropic in XY plane merely impacts on the time evolution of the entanglement when the system ＆ initially in a state ｜ψ（0）〉 = cos α｜00〉 ＋ sin α｜11 〉. The sufficiently weak anisotropic in XY plane can effectively enhance the degree of entanglement.

Isotopic and Chemical Characteristics of Lagoon Waters in Niigata Prefecture, Japan

In order to investigate the isotopic and chemical characteristics of lagoon waters in Niigata Prefecture in recent years, oxygen and hydrogen stable isotope ratios （i.e., 8180 and 6D）, the concentrations of DOC （dissolved organic carbon）, DO （dissolved oxygen） and pH, etc. in water samples of Sakata and Toyanogata were measured. Samples were generally taken monthly at the fixed sampling points from these lagoons. Consequently, the following matters have been mainly clarified： （1） ~D value of water samples in Sakata was generally larger than that in Toyanogata similarly to the case of ~180, though remarkable large difference among samples was not found; （2） the pH value of lagoon water samples is almost 6.5-8.5 （which is generally larger than that of river water）, and pH at the spot of SI （downstream point of Lower Lagoon （Shitakata）） is remarkably high （9.0-9.5）; （3） Lagoon water has the chemical characteristics contrasting to groundwater with a focus on river water from the viewpoint of pH （acidity or alkalinity） and DO. These matters can be closely related to the biological activity such as photosynthesis due to aquatic plant and phytoplankton and the activity of Crustacea plankton etc. in lagoon.

Hydrogenation of Silicon Tetrachloride in Microwave Plasma

This study investigated the hydrogenation of silicon tetrachloride （SIC14） in microwave plasma. A new launcher of argon （Ar） and hydrogen （Ha） plasma was introduced to produce a non-thermodynamic equilibrium activation plasma. The plasma state exhibited a characteristic temperature related to the equilibrium constant, which was termed ＂Reactive Temperature＂ in this study. Thus, the hydrogenation of SIC14 in the plasma could easily be handled with high conversion ratio and very high selectivity to trichlorosilane （SiHC13）. The effects of SiC14/Ar and H2/Ar ratios on the conversion were also investigated using a mathematical model developed to determine the op- timum experimental parameters. The highest hydrogenation conversion ratio was produced at a H2/SiCl4 molar ratio of 1, with mixtures of SICl4 and H2 to Ar molar ratio of 1.2 to 1.4. In this plasma, the special system pressure and incident power were required for the highest energy efficiency of hydrogenating SIC14, while the optimum system pressure varies from 26.6 to 40 kPa depending on input power, and the optimum feed gas （He and SiCI4） molar en- ergy input was about 350 kJ. mo1-1.

Challenges and Opportunities of On-farm Tree Planting as an Alternative Wood Source on Mt. Marsabit, Northern Kenya： Towards Mitigating Climate Change

Constraints and probable pathway towards increasing tree density and diversity within farmlands as a means of reducing human dependency on Mt. Marsabit forest for wood are addressed. The forest provides a carbon sink to counteract the risks and hazards associated with climate change. A structured questionnaire was administered to a sample of 205 respondents that were selected from a population of 3075 farming households using a systematic random sampling procedure. While majority of the farms （53%） had low tree density （1-10 trees）, only 8% of the farms had high density （≥ 20 trees）. About 50% and 15% farms had Grevelia robusta and Eucalyptus cammudelensis, which were grown for timber production, respectively. Broad leafed trees, like Croton megalocarpus and Moringa stenoptella had been established in 17% of the farmlands, respectively. With only 20% of the households having a fence around the crop fields, coupled by widely inter-household sharing of crop residues for grazing, tree browsing by livestock was a constraint to tree establishment. The challenges present an opportunity to establish governance structures and processes for communal responsibility and management of tree resources in the farms. A plausible approach entails the Adaptive Collaborative Management （ACM） as a process that facilitates to experiential learning and negotiation for probable actions and policies in management of natural resources.

Study on oil–source correlation by analyzing organic geochemistry characteristics: a case study of the Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation in the south of Ordos Basin, China

In the south of the Ordos Basin, the oil source of the Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation is confused all the time, which affects further exploration. In this study, oil sources from the oil layers of Ch6, Ch8 and Ch9 are all analyzed and confirmed. Through their carbon isotope value and biomarkers, characteristics of crude oils from the Yanchang Formation are analyzed. Then, the oil–source relation is discussed, with the source rocks' features.Finally, the oil–source relation is calculated through cluster analysis. It is believed that the oils from the Yanchang Formation deposit in a similar redox environment, with weak oxidation–weak reduction, and have all entered maturity stage. Ch9 crude oil is more mature than crude oils from Ch6 and Ch8, and has more advanced plants and fewer algae. Gas chromatography(GC) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry(GC–MS) analysis show that crude oils from Ch6 and Ch8 may come from Ch7, and Ch9 crude oil may not. Cluster analysis displays that crude oils from Ch6 and Ch8 have closer squared Euclidean distance with Ch7 source rocks than Ch9 crude oil does,indicating crude oils from Ch6 and Ch8 stem from Ch7 source rocks. And Ch9 crude oil has rather close squared Euclidean distance with Ch9 source rocks, illustrating Ch9 crude oil may be from Ch9 source rocks. This research may provide the theoretical basis for the next exploration deploy in the south of Ordos Basin.

Characteristics of Chemical Modified Activated Carbons from Bamboo Scaffolding

In this study, bamboo scaffolding was used to produce activated carbon by carbonization at 600 ℃ and 900 ℃with the purge of nitrogen. The 600 ℃ char was then further modified chemically by acids and alkalis by reflux for 6 hours. The produced chars were then characterized by nitrogen adsorption isotherm, He pyncometry, pH, elemental analysis and Boehm titration. For most of the chemically modified carbons, the micropore surface areas and volumes have increased compared with the 600 ~C char, while the mesopore surface areas and volumes slightly decreased, which may have been due to the dissolving of some of the permeated inorganic matter and oxidizing deposited carbon that blocks the pore openings. For the acidic modified carbons, larger amounts of acidic groups were present in the carbons after being activated by phosphoric acid, phosphoric acid furth, er treated with 2 mol-L-1nitric-acid, and calcium hydroxide. Although carbon treated with 2 mol.L-1 and 5 mol·L-1 nitric acid also produced high acidity, the surface areas and pore volumes were relatively low, due to the destruction of pores by nitric acid oxidation. The reduction of porosity may impair the adsorption capacity.

Experimental study of fatigue degree quantification for multi-feature fusion identification

A comprehensive quantification method of fatigue degree is proposed concerning subjective and objective quantifications.Using the fatigue degree test software,fatigue degree is objectively quantified by analyzing the reaction and operation abilities of drivers about traffic signals.By comparison experiment with that EEG signal based,multivariate statistical analysis and fusion identification based on BP neural network(BPNN) results show that the experimental procedure is simple and practical,and the proposed method can reveal the correlation between fatigue feature parameters and fatigue degree in theory,and also can achieve accurate and reliable quantification of fatigue degree,especially under the associated action of multiple fatigue feature parameters.

Experimentally Determining Bloch Parameters of Hamiltonian for Single-Qubit Systems

By considering the identification problem of unknown but fixed Hamiltonian H = S0σ0 ＋∑i=x,y,z Siσi where σi （i = x, y, z） are pauli matrices and σ0=I, we explore the feasibility and limitation of empirically determining the Hamiltonian parameters for quantum systems under experimental conditions imposed by projective measurements and initialization procedures. It may be unsurprising to physicists that one can not obtain the knowledge of So no matter what kind of projective measurements and initialization are permitted, but the observation draws our attention to the importance of the parameter identifiability under different experimental condition. It has also been revealed that one can obtain the knowledge of ｜Sz｜ and Sx^2＋Sy^2 at most when only the projective measurement {｜0/（0｜, ｜1/（1｜} is permitted to perform on and initialize the qubit. Further more, we demonstrated that it is feasible to distinguish ｜Sx｜, ｜Sy｜, and ｜Sz｜ even without any a priori information about Hamiltonian if at least two kinds of projective measurement or initialization procedures are permitted. It should be emphasized that both projective measurements and initialization procedures play an important role in quantum system identification.

Trickster or Colonizer： The Latent Effects of Colonialism in Efua Sutherland＇s Play The Marriage of Anansewa

The essay analyzes the play written by the late Efua Sutherland （from Ghana） and shows the effects of colonization among the Ghanaians. First, it explores the historical inroads made by the colonizer in West African countries, such as Ghana, causing the debilitation of the culture of such countries by erasing its history. One way in which such erasure occurred was in the destruction of sacred sites of the people. Further connections will also be made to West African cultural contexts with the history of colonization in Africa and its effects on popular culture, specifically drama in countries like Ghana. Next, the essay draws upon the role of the trickster figure of Ananse, the spider who features in many West African and Caribbean folkloric traditions. Sutherland＇s play revolves around the main character of the play, Ananse, and he is likened to the trickster figure, but the essay shows how this figure is also debilitated by the colonizer. Finally, in the play, one notes that despite the main character＇s ＂victory＂ in getting his daughter married to the ＂Chief-Who-ls-Chief＇, he does it for his survival and the survival of his daughter in a world in which the latent effects of colonization has hampered the memory and culture of its people.

Steganography in low bit-rate speech streams based on quantization index modulation controlled by keys

Since low bit-rate speech codecs used for voice over internet protocol （VolP）, such as iLBC （internet low bit-rate codec）, G.723.1 and G.729A, have less redundancy due to high compression, it is more challenging to embed information in low bit-rate speech streams of VolP. In this study, a new method is proposed for steganography in low bit-rate speech streams of VolP. The core idea of this method is setting up a graph model for the codebook space of the quantizer. Based on the graph model, the method realises a quantization index modulation （QIM）-controlled algorithm for partitioning the codebook space. It can be proved that this method can minimize signal distortion while steganography taking place. Taking into account codeword partition balance and partition diversity, the proposed steganographic algorithm was based on QIM controlled by secret keys, i.e., mapping the ways of codebook division into secret keys, thereby significantly improving the undetectability and robustness of VolP steganography. Performance measurements and steganalysis experiments showed that the proposed QIM-controlled steganographic algorithm was more secure and robust than the QIM algorithm, the conventional RANDOM algorithm and the original codebook algorithm.

Quantum Private Comparison via Cavity QED

The first quantum private comparison(QPC) protocol via cavity quantum electrodynamics(QED) is proposed in this paper by making full use of the evolution law of atom via cavity QED, where the third party(TP) is allowed to misbehave on his own but cannot conspire with either of the two users. The proposed protocol adopts two-atom product states rather than entangled states as the initial quantum resource, and only needs single-atom measurements for two users. Both the unitary operations and the quantum entanglement swapping operation are not necessary for the proposed protocol. The proposed protocol can compare the equality of one bit from each user in each round comparison with one two-atom product state. The proposed protocol can resist both the outside attack and the participant attack.Particularly, it can prevent TP from knowing two users' secrets. Furthermore, the qubit efficiency of the proposed protocol is as high as 50%.