A family of rank-n （n = 5, 6, 7, 8） three-qubit mixed states are constructed. The explicit expressions for the three-tangle and optimal decompositions for all these states are given. The CKW relations for these stat...A family of rank-n （n = 5, 6, 7, 8） three-qubit mixed states are constructed. The explicit expressions for the three-tangle and optimal decompositions for all these states are given. The CKW relations for these states are also discussed.展开更多
Symbiotic and phenotypic characteristics of thirty rhiobial isolates obtained from root nodules of two cowpea （Vigna unguiculata L. Walp） cultivars that grown in different sites of Fezzan （Southern part of Libya） ...Symbiotic and phenotypic characteristics of thirty rhiobial isolates obtained from root nodules of two cowpea （Vigna unguiculata L. Walp） cultivars that grown in different sites of Fezzan （Southern part of Libya） were studied. Cultural characteristics and cross-nodulation with Arachis hypogega and Faidherbia albida showed that they were slow-growing rhizobia. Each isolate was found to coexist with non-symbiotic bacteria similar in their cultural characteristics to fast-growing rhizobia. All isolates formed symbiosis with the test plants, but different in their nitrogen-fixation efficiency. Numerical analysis of phenotypic characteristics showed that at boundary level of 70% average similarity, the isolates formed four distinguished groups and two isolates remained separate. Most isolates exhibited wide tolerance to acidity, alkalinity and extreme temperatures. They also resistant to some heavy metals such as mercury, copper, zinc, lead, cadmium and aluminum at low concentrations and antibiotics like polymyxin, colistin, bacitracin and nalidixic acid. Isolates displayed different response to salinity ranging from sensitive, which unable to grow in 1% NaCI to resistant and grow at 2% NaCl or above. Urea was hydrolyzed by most of them and carbohydrates utilizations were different. Sucrose and maltose were metabolized by most of the test isolates, whereas, monosaccharide and sugar alcohols were poorly utilized.展开更多
In this study, bamboo scaffolding was used to produce activated carbon by carbonization at 600 ℃ and 900 ℃with the purge of nitrogen. The 600 ℃ char was then further modified chemically by acids and alkalis by refl...In this study, bamboo scaffolding was used to produce activated carbon by carbonization at 600 ℃ and 900 ℃with the purge of nitrogen. The 600 ℃ char was then further modified chemically by acids and alkalis by reflux for 6 hours. The produced chars were then characterized by nitrogen adsorption isotherm, He pyncometry, pH, elemental analysis and Boehm titration. For most of the chemically modified carbons, the micropore surface areas and volumes have increased compared with the 600 ~C char, while the mesopore surface areas and volumes slightly decreased, which may have been due to the dissolving of some of the permeated inorganic matter and oxidizing deposited carbon that blocks the pore openings. For the acidic modified carbons, larger amounts of acidic groups were present in the carbons after being activated by phosphoric acid, phosphoric acid furth, er treated with 2 mol-L-1nitric-acid, and calcium hydroxide. Although carbon treated with 2 mol.L-1 and 5 mol·L-1 nitric acid also produced high acidity, the surface areas and pore volumes were relatively low, due to the destruction of pores by nitric acid oxidation. The reduction of porosity may impair the adsorption capacity.展开更多
Abstract： Simple sequence repeat （SSR） analysis was used to study the genotype relation among ten different olives varieties from Al-Zafrania and A1-Mosel station ministry of agriculture/Iraq Shami, Sorani, Manzenl...Abstract： Simple sequence repeat （SSR） analysis was used to study the genotype relation among ten different olives varieties from Al-Zafrania and A1-Mosel station ministry of agriculture/Iraq Shami, Sorani, Manzenllo, Qaysi, Arbqween, Jlot （Labeeb）, Baashiqi, Dahkan, Nepali, Khodeiri, Fifteen SSR loci were studied and produced 239 amplified fragment. Two hundred and thirty seven of these loci （99.16%） were polymorphic over all the genotypes tested. Dendrogram and matrix of similarity were obtained by the Unweighted Pair-Group Method analysis （UPGMA）. Study showed two groups： group A： Nepali, Arbqween, and group B： divided in two sub groups （sub group B 1： Jlot, Dahkan, sub group B2： other cultivar）, while the genotype relation according to phenotype was confused. SSR has a better molecular marker than other molecular technique for detecting genetic relationship among cultivars, and help in known the pedigree of relatives and ancestors.展开更多
This study aims to contribute to the growing literature on issues of tax incentives for small and medium-sized enterprises （SMEs）. Through comprehensive exploration of data, the study investigates factors leading to...This study aims to contribute to the growing literature on issues of tax incentives for small and medium-sized enterprises （SMEs）. Through comprehensive exploration of data, the study investigates factors leading to successful and unsuccessful utilization of tax incentives among SMEs. Financial ratios were calculated based on the information retrieved from the companies＇ annual financial statement. Apparently, these financial ratios are evidence of how successful the companies are in utilizing the tax incentives. In this study, 129 small companies and 71 medium-sized companies were selected as samples for the period of 2003-2007. The result indicates that financial structure such as retained earnings, tax burden, cash flow, and inventory level determined the ability of companies to utilize tax incentives; hence leading to higher earnings generated from the business operation. The age of the companies affects the utilization of tax incentives and this denotes that older companies are more capable of generating higher earnings. Hence, a thorough analysis of the data allows us not only to determine the success of the company in utilizing tax incentives but also to identify the determinants that impact their performance.展开更多
We investigate the nonlocality of Schmidt-correlated （SC） states, and present analytical expressions of the maximum violation value of Bell inequalities. It is shown that the violation of Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt ...We investigate the nonlocality of Schmidt-correlated （SC） states, and present analytical expressions of the maximum violation value of Bell inequalities. It is shown that the violation of Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt （CHSH） inequality is necessary and sufficient for the nonlocality of two-qubit SC states, whereas the violation of the Svetlichny inequaJity is only a sumcient condition for the genuine nonlocality of three-qubit SC states. Furthermore, the relations among the maximum violation values, concurrence, and relative entropy entanglement are discussed.展开更多
Quantum correlations in a family of states comprising any mixture of a pair of arbitrary bi-qubit product pure states are studied by employing geometric discord [Phys. Rev. Lett. 105(2010) 190502] as the quantifier. F...Quantum correlations in a family of states comprising any mixture of a pair of arbitrary bi-qubit product pure states are studied by employing geometric discord [Phys. Rev. Lett. 105(2010) 190502] as the quantifier. First, the inherent symmetry in the family of states about local unitary transformations is revealed. Then, the analytic expression of geometric discords in the states is worked out. Some concrete discussions and analyses on the captured geometric discords are made so that their distinct features are exposed. It is found that, the more averagely the two bi-qubit product states are mixed, the bigger geometric discord the mixed state owns. Moreover, the monotonic relationships of geometric discord with different parameters are revealed.展开更多
Correlations among behavioral traits can generate trade-offs and constrain phenotypic evolution. Interspecific hybridization has the potential to alter behavioral trait correlations, but the effect of hybridization on...Correlations among behavioral traits can generate trade-offs and constrain phenotypic evolution. Interspecific hybridization has the potential to alter behavioral trait correlations, but the effect of hybridization on suites of behavioral traits has received relatively little attention. We evaluated how natural hybridization changes the relationship between boldness （time of emergence and proportion of time out of shelter） and response to a simulated predator threat in swordtails （Teleostei： Xiphophorus）. In poeciliid fishes, bold individuals have increased survival in the presence of predators. This non-intuitive observation may arise as a result of bold individuals being more likely to engage in anti-predator behaviors. Contrary to our prediction, bold indi- viduals were less likely to perform a fast-start response to a predator threat. This correlation was consistent among populations and species but was only significant in hybrids. The observed correlation between boldness and anti-predator behavior could im- pact hybrid fitness and the evolvability of hybrid lineages. More generally, our findings suggest that hybridization could influence the integration of behavioral phenotypes, as has been amply documented for morphology. Animal personality and behavioral syndromes could therefore play an important role in the evolutionary fate of natural hybrids [Current Zoology 61 （4）： 596-603, 2015].展开更多
基金Supported by NSFC under Grant Nos.10871228,10875081,60873191,60903152,and 60821001SRFDP under Grant Nos.200800131016 and 20090005110010+2 种基金Beijing Nova Program under Grant No.2008B51Key Project of Chinese Ministry of Education under Grant No.109014Beijing Municipal Education Commission under Grant Nos.KM200510028021 and KZ200810028013
文摘A family of rank-n （n = 5, 6, 7, 8） three-qubit mixed states are constructed. The explicit expressions for the three-tangle and optimal decompositions for all these states are given. The CKW relations for these states are also discussed.
文摘Symbiotic and phenotypic characteristics of thirty rhiobial isolates obtained from root nodules of two cowpea （Vigna unguiculata L. Walp） cultivars that grown in different sites of Fezzan （Southern part of Libya） were studied. Cultural characteristics and cross-nodulation with Arachis hypogega and Faidherbia albida showed that they were slow-growing rhizobia. Each isolate was found to coexist with non-symbiotic bacteria similar in their cultural characteristics to fast-growing rhizobia. All isolates formed symbiosis with the test plants, but different in their nitrogen-fixation efficiency. Numerical analysis of phenotypic characteristics showed that at boundary level of 70% average similarity, the isolates formed four distinguished groups and two isolates remained separate. Most isolates exhibited wide tolerance to acidity, alkalinity and extreme temperatures. They also resistant to some heavy metals such as mercury, copper, zinc, lead, cadmium and aluminum at low concentrations and antibiotics like polymyxin, colistin, bacitracin and nalidixic acid. Isolates displayed different response to salinity ranging from sensitive, which unable to grow in 1% NaCI to resistant and grow at 2% NaCl or above. Urea was hydrolyzed by most of them and carbohydrates utilizations were different. Sucrose and maltose were metabolized by most of the test isolates, whereas, monosaccharide and sugar alcohols were poorly utilized.
基金the support of Hong Kong University of Science and Technology through the Undergraduate Research Opportunity Program
文摘In this study, bamboo scaffolding was used to produce activated carbon by carbonization at 600 ℃ and 900 ℃with the purge of nitrogen. The 600 ℃ char was then further modified chemically by acids and alkalis by reflux for 6 hours. The produced chars were then characterized by nitrogen adsorption isotherm, He pyncometry, pH, elemental analysis and Boehm titration. For most of the chemically modified carbons, the micropore surface areas and volumes have increased compared with the 600 ~C char, while the mesopore surface areas and volumes slightly decreased, which may have been due to the dissolving of some of the permeated inorganic matter and oxidizing deposited carbon that blocks the pore openings. For the acidic modified carbons, larger amounts of acidic groups were present in the carbons after being activated by phosphoric acid, phosphoric acid furth, er treated with 2 mol-L-1nitric-acid, and calcium hydroxide. Although carbon treated with 2 mol.L-1 and 5 mol·L-1 nitric acid also produced high acidity, the surface areas and pore volumes were relatively low, due to the destruction of pores by nitric acid oxidation. The reduction of porosity may impair the adsorption capacity.
文摘Abstract： Simple sequence repeat （SSR） analysis was used to study the genotype relation among ten different olives varieties from Al-Zafrania and A1-Mosel station ministry of agriculture/Iraq Shami, Sorani, Manzenllo, Qaysi, Arbqween, Jlot （Labeeb）, Baashiqi, Dahkan, Nepali, Khodeiri, Fifteen SSR loci were studied and produced 239 amplified fragment. Two hundred and thirty seven of these loci （99.16%） were polymorphic over all the genotypes tested. Dendrogram and matrix of similarity were obtained by the Unweighted Pair-Group Method analysis （UPGMA）. Study showed two groups： group A： Nepali, Arbqween, and group B： divided in two sub groups （sub group B 1： Jlot, Dahkan, sub group B2： other cultivar）, while the genotype relation according to phenotype was confused. SSR has a better molecular marker than other molecular technique for detecting genetic relationship among cultivars, and help in known the pedigree of relatives and ancestors.
文摘This study aims to contribute to the growing literature on issues of tax incentives for small and medium-sized enterprises （SMEs）. Through comprehensive exploration of data, the study investigates factors leading to successful and unsuccessful utilization of tax incentives among SMEs. Financial ratios were calculated based on the information retrieved from the companies＇ annual financial statement. Apparently, these financial ratios are evidence of how successful the companies are in utilizing the tax incentives. In this study, 129 small companies and 71 medium-sized companies were selected as samples for the period of 2003-2007. The result indicates that financial structure such as retained earnings, tax burden, cash flow, and inventory level determined the ability of companies to utilize tax incentives; hence leading to higher earnings generated from the business operation. The age of the companies affects the utilization of tax incentives and this denotes that older companies are more capable of generating higher earnings. Hence, a thorough analysis of the data allows us not only to determine the success of the company in utilizing tax incentives but also to identify the determinants that impact their performance.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos. 10875081, 10871227, KZ200810028013,PHR201007107NSF of Beijing 1092008
文摘We investigate the nonlocality of Schmidt-correlated （SC） states, and present analytical expressions of the maximum violation value of Bell inequalities. It is shown that the violation of Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt （CHSH） inequality is necessary and sufficient for the nonlocality of two-qubit SC states, whereas the violation of the Svetlichny inequaJity is only a sumcient condition for the genuine nonlocality of three-qubit SC states. Furthermore, the relations among the maximum violation values, concurrence, and relative entropy entanglement are discussed.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NNSFC)under Grant Nos.11375011 and 11372122the Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province under Grant No.1408085MA12the 211 Project of Anhui University
文摘Quantum correlations in a family of states comprising any mixture of a pair of arbitrary bi-qubit product pure states are studied by employing geometric discord [Phys. Rev. Lett. 105(2010) 190502] as the quantifier. First, the inherent symmetry in the family of states about local unitary transformations is revealed. Then, the analytic expression of geometric discords in the states is worked out. Some concrete discussions and analyses on the captured geometric discords are made so that their distinct features are exposed. It is found that, the more averagely the two bi-qubit product states are mixed, the bigger geometric discord the mixed state owns. Moreover, the monotonic relationships of geometric discord with different parameters are revealed.
基金We would like to thank the Mexican federal government and the state of Hidalgo for providing permits to collect fish and Nick Ratterman, Kirk Winemiller and Lee Fitzgerald for helpful comments on early versions of this manuscript. This work was supported by funding provided by a National Science Foundation grant （I0S-0923825） award- ed to G.G.R.R.E. was supported by an Undergraduate Program in Biological and Mathematical Sciences （UBM National Science Foundation grant （DBI-1029401） directed by Dr. Jay Walton. All experiments conducted in this study complied with current state, federal, and local laws in the United States and Mexico.
文摘Correlations among behavioral traits can generate trade-offs and constrain phenotypic evolution. Interspecific hybridization has the potential to alter behavioral trait correlations, but the effect of hybridization on suites of behavioral traits has received relatively little attention. We evaluated how natural hybridization changes the relationship between boldness （time of emergence and proportion of time out of shelter） and response to a simulated predator threat in swordtails （Teleostei： Xiphophorus）. In poeciliid fishes, bold individuals have increased survival in the presence of predators. This non-intuitive observation may arise as a result of bold individuals being more likely to engage in anti-predator behaviors. Contrary to our prediction, bold indi- viduals were less likely to perform a fast-start response to a predator threat. This correlation was consistent among populations and species but was only significant in hybrids. The observed correlation between boldness and anti-predator behavior could im- pact hybrid fitness and the evolvability of hybrid lineages. More generally, our findings suggest that hybridization could influence the integration of behavioral phenotypes, as has been amply documented for morphology. Animal personality and behavioral syndromes could therefore play an important role in the evolutionary fate of natural hybrids [Current Zoology 61 （4）： 596-603, 2015].
