The impact of the adaptive cruise control（ ACC）system on improving fuel efficiency is evaluated based on the vehicle-specific power. The intelligent driver model was first modified to simulate the ACC system and it ...The impact of the adaptive cruise control（ ACC）system on improving fuel efficiency is evaluated based on the vehicle-specific power. The intelligent driver model was first modified to simulate the ACC system and it was calibrated by using empirical traffic data. Then, a five-step procedure based on the vehicle-specific power was introduced to calculate fuel efficiency. Five scenarios with different ACC ratios were tested in simulation experiments, and sensitivity analyses of two key ACC factors affecting the perception-reaction time and time headway were also conducted. The simulation results indicate that all the scenarios with ACC vehicles have positive impacts on reducing fuel consumption. Furthermore, from the perspective of fuel efficiency, the extremely small value of the perception-reaction time of the ACC system is not necessary due to the fact that the value of 0.5 and 0.1 s can almost lead to the same reduction in fuel consumption. Finally, the designed time headway of the ACC system is also proposed to be large enough for fuel efficiency, although its small value can increase capacity. The findings of this study provide useful information for connected vehicles and autonomous vehicle manufacturers to improve fuel efficiency on roadways.展开更多
After the great east Japan earthquake in 2011, Japanese energy system has been expected to prioritize safety and trustworthiness. Now, distributed power systems are considered as one solution, but utilizing exhaust he...After the great east Japan earthquake in 2011, Japanese energy system has been expected to prioritize safety and trustworthiness. Now, distributed power systems are considered as one solution, but utilizing exhaust heat is an important task to be solved. The purpose of this study is to build a simulation model to harness waste heat of commercial buildings. We obtained two types of data： distributed power system in 1/15 scale model of supermarket, restaurant and real world energy consumption of the two buildings. Results showed cold cabinets, whose electricity was affected by temperatures outside and inside, consumed most in supermarket. While air conditioning, affected by air enthalpy of outside and inside, consumed most in restaurant. According to our simulation with gas engine, PV （photovoltaic） panel, PCM （phase change material）, thermal storage, FCU （fan coil unit） and refrigerated cabinets in scale model, we could reduce 27% of CO_2 emission and 25% of running cost by selecting optimal size.展开更多
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51338003,51478113,51378120)
文摘The impact of the adaptive cruise control（ ACC）system on improving fuel efficiency is evaluated based on the vehicle-specific power. The intelligent driver model was first modified to simulate the ACC system and it was calibrated by using empirical traffic data. Then, a five-step procedure based on the vehicle-specific power was introduced to calculate fuel efficiency. Five scenarios with different ACC ratios were tested in simulation experiments, and sensitivity analyses of two key ACC factors affecting the perception-reaction time and time headway were also conducted. The simulation results indicate that all the scenarios with ACC vehicles have positive impacts on reducing fuel consumption. Furthermore, from the perspective of fuel efficiency, the extremely small value of the perception-reaction time of the ACC system is not necessary due to the fact that the value of 0.5 and 0.1 s can almost lead to the same reduction in fuel consumption. Finally, the designed time headway of the ACC system is also proposed to be large enough for fuel efficiency, although its small value can increase capacity. The findings of this study provide useful information for connected vehicles and autonomous vehicle manufacturers to improve fuel efficiency on roadways.
文摘After the great east Japan earthquake in 2011, Japanese energy system has been expected to prioritize safety and trustworthiness. Now, distributed power systems are considered as one solution, but utilizing exhaust heat is an important task to be solved. The purpose of this study is to build a simulation model to harness waste heat of commercial buildings. We obtained two types of data： distributed power system in 1/15 scale model of supermarket, restaurant and real world energy consumption of the two buildings. Results showed cold cabinets, whose electricity was affected by temperatures outside and inside, consumed most in supermarket. While air conditioning, affected by air enthalpy of outside and inside, consumed most in restaurant. According to our simulation with gas engine, PV （photovoltaic） panel, PCM （phase change material）, thermal storage, FCU （fan coil unit） and refrigerated cabinets in scale model, we could reduce 27% of CO_2 emission and 25% of running cost by selecting optimal size.
