珠磨法破碎小球藻提取类胡萝卜素的动力学及能量消耗分析

采用珠磨法破碎小球藻冷冻干燥藻和湿藻细胞,以叶绿素释放量为指标评价细胞破碎程度,分析其细胞破碎过程的动力学情况,同时结合能量消耗情况分析细胞破碎程度对类胡萝卜素提取效果的影响。结果表明:一级动力学方程可较好地拟合小球藻细胞珠磨破碎过程。在类胡萝卜素提取过程中,将冷冻干燥藻和湿藻细胞的破碎率分别控制在70%和90%时,其最佳的类胡萝卜素提取量可分别达6.38 mg/g和6.26 mg/g。通过破碎过程的能量消耗分析,发现湿藻细胞破碎过程消耗的能量要高于冷冻干燥藻;冷冻干燥藻细胞质量浓度在40~160 g/L时,只要输入相同的比能量消耗,均可达到较为一致的细胞破碎率及类胡萝卜素提取效果;而湿藻细胞质量浓度在80 g/L时,可在较低的比能量消耗情况下达到较高的细胞破碎率及类胡萝卜素提取量。本实验结果可为小球藻的细胞破碎过程及其有效成分的开发利用提供一定的理论参考和实验依据。

The Energy Balance of the Electro-Hydraulic Linear Actuation System

The variable gas exchange valve actuation systems have been developed in order to improve the efficiency of the combustion process. The electro-hydraulic valve actuation （EHVA） systems have good power to weight ratio, high maximum force and good controllability. The disadvantages are limited frequency bandwidth and energy recovery. Each component of the EHVA system has certain energy consumption, which is characteristic to the component. In this study the power consumptions of the components are investigated by means of the simulation. The investigated components are a hydraulic pump, a hydraulic accumulator, a control valve, and hydraulic lines connecting the components. The pressure losses caused by the oil flow are most significant in the control valves, 50-60% of the total energy consumption. If the stored kinetic energy of the actuator and moving oil masses could be reused, the energy consumption could be up to 25% better.