It is argued that it has not yet been able to value the historical, philosophical and epistemological travail, represented by the filth and fourth centuries BC of the ancient Greek world, which preceded the highest sc...It is argued that it has not yet been able to value the historical, philosophical and epistemological travail, represented by the filth and fourth centuries BC of the ancient Greek world, which preceded the highest scientific heritage, represented by the so-called golden age of Euclid, Archimedes and Apollonius, Ⅲ-Ⅱ century BC. Well, it is believed that with our complex concept of tradition of thought within which we insert not only epistemological concepts but also philosophical principles, historical and social frameworks, in stasis or in strong movement, processed by us, it is possible better interpret that happy moment of scientific constructions of the third and second century BC, as a result of the valorization of the deep travail and serious battle that preceded it between the fourth and fifth century BC. It is investigated in particular in our paper the development of astronomical thought between the fifth and fourth centuries BC, in the ancient Greek thought, and at last a particular presumed criticism by Archimedes in his Sandreckoner to Aristarchus.展开更多
Thales of Miletus （640？-546 BC） is famous for his prediction of the total solar eclipse in 585 BC. In this paper, the author demonstrate how Thales may have used the same principle for prediction of solar eclipses ...Thales of Miletus （640？-546 BC） is famous for his prediction of the total solar eclipse in 585 BC. In this paper, the author demonstrate how Thales may have used the same principle for prediction of solar eclipses as that used on the Antikythera Mechanism. At the SEAC conference in Alexandria in 2009, the author presented the paper ＂Ten solar eclipses show that the Antikythera Mechanism was constructed for use on Sicily.＂ The best defined series of exeligmos cycles started in 243 BC during the lifetime of Archimedes （287-212 BC） from Syracuse. The inscriptions on the Antikythera Mechanism were made in 100-150 BC and the last useful exeligmos started in 134 BC. The theory for the motion of the moon was from Hipparchus （ca 190-125 BC）. A more complete investigation of the solar eclipses on the Antikythera Mechanism reveals that the first month in the first saros cycle started with the first new moon after the winter solstice in 542 BC. Four solar eclipses 537-528 BC, from the first saros cycle, and three one exeligmos cycle later, 487-478 BC, are preserved and may have been recorded in Croton by Pythagoras （ca 575-495 BC） and his school.展开更多
Although E Maddy （1997） says on naturalism： ＂This is not, in itself, a philosophy of mathematics [...]＂ （161）, already by its name, or by those whose interest has called on it （Quine, Putnam et al.） ... it an...Although E Maddy （1997） says on naturalism： ＂This is not, in itself, a philosophy of mathematics [...]＂ （161）, already by its name, or by those whose interest has called on it （Quine, Putnam et al.） ... it anyhow reveals desire to be it. Insofar as otherwise, the semantic potential of the word leaves far behind it （after all scarce） results it achieved from the relation of an exact （mathematical） expression and （overly rich） intuitive reality of Being. We plead here already from the perspective of the slogan ＂One and All＂ of the first philosopher： Tales, when by the number （which one forebodes） one could go to such an extent into areas of reality （Pythagoras）, or when （especially in the human sphere） is being over again actual final cause of Aristotle the philosophy and the mathematics to accomplish far more fruitful encounter with the Being. Alain Badiou （1988） has already pointed that： ＂Mathematics is ontology,＂ and the category theory in mathematics, having covered by itself other fields of this science, continues to find applications in a series of＂non-traditional＂ domains of reality. In that correlation the philosophy can express its （primary） needs for truth, justice, beauty, ... as well as for the overall development in the sense of purpose--also because of an undreamed power of the technological development （of hardwares and softwares） today. Namely, the naturalism in mathematics, which developed an abundant reflection on the place （importance of） the mathematical idiom in sciences--in the balance of criticism--has come rather to meager provisions, such as： ＂preestablished harmony of thinking,＂ ＂ontic commitment,＂ （Quine 1960） ＂the hygiene of mind,＂ （Maddy 1996） ＂success argument,＂ （Putnam 1975） ＂pragmatic argument,＂ （Resnik 1981） etc., which only are few places from the encounter of an exact expression such as is mathematical one and the reality of natuural sciences. Instead of philosophy of mathematics to radicalize its claims from the perspective of that （powerful） mathematical idiom and the excessive reality of Being and man＇s place in it--this time, in the spirit of biocosmology （neo-Aristotelism）.展开更多
文摘It is argued that it has not yet been able to value the historical, philosophical and epistemological travail, represented by the filth and fourth centuries BC of the ancient Greek world, which preceded the highest scientific heritage, represented by the so-called golden age of Euclid, Archimedes and Apollonius, Ⅲ-Ⅱ century BC. Well, it is believed that with our complex concept of tradition of thought within which we insert not only epistemological concepts but also philosophical principles, historical and social frameworks, in stasis or in strong movement, processed by us, it is possible better interpret that happy moment of scientific constructions of the third and second century BC, as a result of the valorization of the deep travail and serious battle that preceded it between the fourth and fifth century BC. It is investigated in particular in our paper the development of astronomical thought between the fifth and fourth centuries BC, in the ancient Greek thought, and at last a particular presumed criticism by Archimedes in his Sandreckoner to Aristarchus.
文摘Thales of Miletus （640？-546 BC） is famous for his prediction of the total solar eclipse in 585 BC. In this paper, the author demonstrate how Thales may have used the same principle for prediction of solar eclipses as that used on the Antikythera Mechanism. At the SEAC conference in Alexandria in 2009, the author presented the paper ＂Ten solar eclipses show that the Antikythera Mechanism was constructed for use on Sicily.＂ The best defined series of exeligmos cycles started in 243 BC during the lifetime of Archimedes （287-212 BC） from Syracuse. The inscriptions on the Antikythera Mechanism were made in 100-150 BC and the last useful exeligmos started in 134 BC. The theory for the motion of the moon was from Hipparchus （ca 190-125 BC）. A more complete investigation of the solar eclipses on the Antikythera Mechanism reveals that the first month in the first saros cycle started with the first new moon after the winter solstice in 542 BC. Four solar eclipses 537-528 BC, from the first saros cycle, and three one exeligmos cycle later, 487-478 BC, are preserved and may have been recorded in Croton by Pythagoras （ca 575-495 BC） and his school.
文摘Although E Maddy （1997） says on naturalism： ＂This is not, in itself, a philosophy of mathematics [...]＂ （161）, already by its name, or by those whose interest has called on it （Quine, Putnam et al.） ... it anyhow reveals desire to be it. Insofar as otherwise, the semantic potential of the word leaves far behind it （after all scarce） results it achieved from the relation of an exact （mathematical） expression and （overly rich） intuitive reality of Being. We plead here already from the perspective of the slogan ＂One and All＂ of the first philosopher： Tales, when by the number （which one forebodes） one could go to such an extent into areas of reality （Pythagoras）, or when （especially in the human sphere） is being over again actual final cause of Aristotle the philosophy and the mathematics to accomplish far more fruitful encounter with the Being. Alain Badiou （1988） has already pointed that： ＂Mathematics is ontology,＂ and the category theory in mathematics, having covered by itself other fields of this science, continues to find applications in a series of＂non-traditional＂ domains of reality. In that correlation the philosophy can express its （primary） needs for truth, justice, beauty, ... as well as for the overall development in the sense of purpose--also because of an undreamed power of the technological development （of hardwares and softwares） today. Namely, the naturalism in mathematics, which developed an abundant reflection on the place （importance of） the mathematical idiom in sciences--in the balance of criticism--has come rather to meager provisions, such as： ＂preestablished harmony of thinking,＂ ＂ontic commitment,＂ （Quine 1960） ＂the hygiene of mind,＂ （Maddy 1996） ＂success argument,＂ （Putnam 1975） ＂pragmatic argument,＂ （Resnik 1981） etc., which only are few places from the encounter of an exact expression such as is mathematical one and the reality of natuural sciences. Instead of philosophy of mathematics to radicalize its claims from the perspective of that （powerful） mathematical idiom and the excessive reality of Being and man＇s place in it--this time, in the spirit of biocosmology （neo-Aristotelism）.
