The leaf epidermis of Japanese honeysuckle （Lonicera japonica Thunb.） and Wild Honeysuckle （Lonicera confusa） in the genus of Flos Lonicerae were mainly observed by scanning electron microscopes （SEM） to study t...The leaf epidermis of Japanese honeysuckle （Lonicera japonica Thunb.） and Wild Honeysuckle （Lonicera confusa） in the genus of Flos Lonicerae were mainly observed by scanning electron microscopes （SEM） to study the characteristics of stomata, trichomes and dermal cell, etc.. The results showed that stoma exists only on the lower epidermis and its distribution is irregular, and leaf epidermis consist of epidermis cells, stoma complexes and bushy trichomes including glandular hair and non-glandular hair. On the upper epidermis, anticlinal wall caves in sinuous groove to countercheck the transpiration. Evidences from leaf morphological structures serve as another proof on drought-resistant mechanisms. Some strumaes distributing regularly are hypothesized as oxalic calcium on the lower epidermis under laser scanning confocal microscopy （LSCM） with Fluo-3/AM, which can increase their endurance to drought stress. Therefore, the above characteristics of Flos Lonicerae can reduce the loss of water and make Japanese honeysuckle and Wild Honeysuckle adapt to the droughty environment at Karst area in southwest China. However, there is some difference of the two species. From the SEM （Scanning Electron Microscopy） result, it is shown that on the upper epidermis, some glandular hair regularly present along the midrib of Japanese honeysuckle, but Wild Honeysuckle has no glandular hair on the upper epidermis, which can verify the relationships of Flos Lonicerae species and provide the significance for classification of Flos Lonicerae.展开更多
Lonicerae flos,a widely used traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),has been used for several thousand years in China.As a famous traditional Chinese herbal medicine,it was used as heat-clearing drug and alexipharmic agent...Lonicerae flos,a widely used traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),has been used for several thousand years in China.As a famous traditional Chinese herbal medicine,it was used as heat-clearing drug and alexipharmic agent and was widely cultivated in Hunan province.L.flos mainly contains biologically active compounds such as caffeic acid derivatives,essential oil,flavonoids,iridoid glycosides and terpenoids.A range of biological activities has been reported from plant extracts including anti-inflammatory,antitumor,antioxidant,antiallergy,immunomodulating and antibacterial activity.In this study,the author investigated ancient books of TCM and nowadays reports,summarized the chemical constituents,biological activity of L.flos to provide a comprehensive systematic review.展开更多
The present paper records two chaetopterid species, S piochaetopterus koreana and S. sanbanzensis not reported previously from China Seas. S piochaetopterus koreana is distributed in the Yellow, East China and South C...The present paper records two chaetopterid species, S piochaetopterus koreana and S. sanbanzensis not reported previously from China Seas. S piochaetopterus koreana is distributed in the Yellow, East China and South China Seas. Sp iochaetopterus sanbanzensis is widely distributed in the muddy benthic environment of the Yellow Sea. Detailed descriptions and illustrations of each species are provided.展开更多
The asymptotic efficiency of the maximum likelihood estimator (M. L. E.) is an important subject in M. L. E. theory. There are various definitions on asymptotic efficiency from different view points, such as the best ...The asymptotic efficiency of the maximum likelihood estimator (M. L. E.) is an important subject in M. L. E. theory. There are various definitions on asymptotic efficiency from different view points, such as the best asymptotical normality (B. A. N.) in the Bahadur sense, in the Cram(?)r sense, and so on. In 1945 Cram(?)r considered that the asymptotic efficient estimator is based on the convergence of square risk. In展开更多
基金This study was supported by the Ministry of Sciences and Technology of China (No.2005DIB3J067)the National Science Foundation of China (No.40572107, No.40231008, No.40672165 and No.30600074)+2 种基金the Chongqing Science & Technology Commission (No.2005AB7006)the Open Fund and Key Subject of Physical Geog-raphy, Southwest Normal University of China (No.250-411110)the Open Fund of Key Laboratory of Chinese Academy of Geological Sci-ences (No.KL05-20).
文摘The leaf epidermis of Japanese honeysuckle （Lonicera japonica Thunb.） and Wild Honeysuckle （Lonicera confusa） in the genus of Flos Lonicerae were mainly observed by scanning electron microscopes （SEM） to study the characteristics of stomata, trichomes and dermal cell, etc.. The results showed that stoma exists only on the lower epidermis and its distribution is irregular, and leaf epidermis consist of epidermis cells, stoma complexes and bushy trichomes including glandular hair and non-glandular hair. On the upper epidermis, anticlinal wall caves in sinuous groove to countercheck the transpiration. Evidences from leaf morphological structures serve as another proof on drought-resistant mechanisms. Some strumaes distributing regularly are hypothesized as oxalic calcium on the lower epidermis under laser scanning confocal microscopy （LSCM） with Fluo-3/AM, which can increase their endurance to drought stress. Therefore, the above characteristics of Flos Lonicerae can reduce the loss of water and make Japanese honeysuckle and Wild Honeysuckle adapt to the droughty environment at Karst area in southwest China. However, there is some difference of the two species. From the SEM （Scanning Electron Microscopy） result, it is shown that on the upper epidermis, some glandular hair regularly present along the midrib of Japanese honeysuckle, but Wild Honeysuckle has no glandular hair on the upper epidermis, which can verify the relationships of Flos Lonicerae species and provide the significance for classification of Flos Lonicerae.
基金funding support from the Key Laboratory For Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province and national science foundation of China (No.81374062 and No.81673579)
文摘Lonicerae flos,a widely used traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),has been used for several thousand years in China.As a famous traditional Chinese herbal medicine,it was used as heat-clearing drug and alexipharmic agent and was widely cultivated in Hunan province.L.flos mainly contains biologically active compounds such as caffeic acid derivatives,essential oil,flavonoids,iridoid glycosides and terpenoids.A range of biological activities has been reported from plant extracts including anti-inflammatory,antitumor,antioxidant,antiallergy,immunomodulating and antibacterial activity.In this study,the author investigated ancient books of TCM and nowadays reports,summarized the chemical constituents,biological activity of L.flos to provide a comprehensive systematic review.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41406157)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDA11020303)
文摘The present paper records two chaetopterid species, S piochaetopterus koreana and S. sanbanzensis not reported previously from China Seas. S piochaetopterus koreana is distributed in the Yellow, East China and South China Seas. Sp iochaetopterus sanbanzensis is widely distributed in the muddy benthic environment of the Yellow Sea. Detailed descriptions and illustrations of each species are provided.
文摘The asymptotic efficiency of the maximum likelihood estimator (M. L. E.) is an important subject in M. L. E. theory. There are various definitions on asymptotic efficiency from different view points, such as the best asymptotical normality (B. A. N.) in the Bahadur sense, in the Cram(?)r sense, and so on. In 1945 Cram(?)r considered that the asymptotic efficient estimator is based on the convergence of square risk. In
