Vuggy reservoirs are the most common, albeit important heterogeneous carbonate reservoirs in China. However, saturation calculations using logging data are not well developed, whereas Archie method is more common. In ...Vuggy reservoirs are the most common, albeit important heterogeneous carbonate reservoirs in China. However, saturation calculations using logging data are not well developed, whereas Archie method is more common. In this study, electrical conduction in a vuggy reservoir is theoretically analyzed to establish a new saturation equation for vuggy reservoirs. We found that vugs have a greater effect on saturation than resistivity, which causes inflection in the rock-electricity curve. Using single-variable exPeriments, we evaluated the effects of rug size, vug number, and vug distribution on the rock-electricity relation. Based on the general saturation model, a saturation equation for vuggy reservoirs is derived, and the physical significance of the equation parameters is discussed based on the seepage-electricity similarity. The equation parameters depend on the pore structure, and vugs and matrix pore size distribution. Furthermore, a method for calculating the equation parameters is proposed, which uses nuclear magnetic resonance （NMR） data to calculate the capillary pressure curve. Field application of the proposed equation and parameter derivation method shows good match between calculated and experimental results, with an average absolute error of 5.8%.展开更多
In this paper, a new forming model of the feed direction burr for drilling process is presented. The feed direction burr formation is experimented and studied. The related theories are analyzed, and the influential ...In this paper, a new forming model of the feed direction burr for drilling process is presented. The feed direction burr formation is experimented and studied. The related theories are analyzed, and the influential factors of the feed direction burrs are pointed out. Furthermore, a certain number of new measures to prevent and decrease the burr in drilling process are advanced.展开更多
Wavefields in porous media saturated by two immiscible fluids are simulated in this paper.Based on the sealed system theory,the medium model considers both the relative motion between the fluids and the solid skeleton...Wavefields in porous media saturated by two immiscible fluids are simulated in this paper.Based on the sealed system theory,the medium model considers both the relative motion between the fluids and the solid skeleton and the relaxation mechanisms of porosity and saturation（capillary pressure）.So it accurately simulates the numerical attenuation property of the wavefields and is much closer to actual earth media in exploration than the equivalent liquid model and the unsaturated porous medium model on the basis of open system theory.The velocity and attenuation for different wave modes in this medium have been discussed in previous literature but studies of the complete wave-field have not been reported.In our work,wave equations with the relaxation mechanisms of capillary pressure and the porosity are derived.Furthermore,the wavefield and its characteristics are studied using the numerical finite element method.The results show that the slow P3-wave in the non-wetting phase can be observed clearly in the seismic band.The relaxation of capillary pressure and the porosity greatly affect the displacement of the non-wetting phase.More specifically,the displacement decreases with increasing relaxation coefficient.展开更多
Due to various reasons, the inspection methods often need to be changed, and the detection reagents often need to be replaced. In this study, a comparative experiment was conducted between the ethanol-based and ether-...Due to various reasons, the inspection methods often need to be changed, and the detection reagents often need to be replaced. In this study, a comparative experiment was conducted between the ethanol-based and ether-based determination methods for oil content in imported wool. The determination results obtained from the two methods were treated as abscissa and ordinate respectively,and their linear relationship was analyzed. According to the linear regression analysis, the conversion equation of determination result between the two methods was obtained. In addition, the repeatability admissible error and reproducibility admissible error were established through analyzing the comparative experimental results by scientific software. This study will bring new ideas for further researches in this field, and provide reference for solving the similar problems in actual inspection work.展开更多
An alkaline protease was applied on wool knitted fabric in an attempt to improve its shrink resistance. The influence of process parameters was evaluated and the tensile properties, surface characteristics and whitene...An alkaline protease was applied on wool knitted fabric in an attempt to improve its shrink resistance. The influence of process parameters was evaluated and the tensile properties, surface characteristics and whiteness of wool were also studied. The results showed that the action of the protease on wool was significantly enhanced by hydrogen peroxide pretreatment. Based on the preliminary test and subsequent factor analysis, an appropriate combined process was obtained. The SEM investigation of the surface characteristics demonstrated that the enzymatic action was not uniform. In addition to the antifelting effects, the enzymatic treatment could lead to an improved degree of whiteness.展开更多
Trichobezoar is a rare intriguing disorder in which swallowed hairs accumulates in the stomach. Being indigestible and slippery, it could not be propulsed and becomes entrapped within the stomach. Large amounts can th...Trichobezoar is a rare intriguing disorder in which swallowed hairs accumulates in the stomach. Being indigestible and slippery, it could not be propulsed and becomes entrapped within the stomach. Large amounts can thus accumulate over the years forming a hair ball. Rapunzel syndrome is a variant where hair accumulation reaches the small gut and beyond in some cases. Although the syndrome has been known for many years, only 24 cases have been reported in the literature and the discovery of a new case is always surprising. In this report, we present two cases discovered within a period of three months. One of them was pregnant and had small bowel intussusception and perforation, a very rare combination. We hereby add two more cases to the literature. To our knowledge, this is the first report on two cases of Rapunzel syndrome, the diagnosis of which demands a high index of suspicion.展开更多
The cutting burr is one of the common phenomena occurring in metal cutting.In this paper,the forming processes,main effect factors and change law of the cutting direction burr in orthogonal cutting have been studied a...The cutting burr is one of the common phenomena occurring in metal cutting.In this paper,the forming processes,main effect factors and change law of the cutting direction burr in orthogonal cutting have been studied and related theories are analyzed based on the cutting experiments.The result shows that:(1)the forming processes of cutting direction burr consist of normal cutting,flexure deformation of end surface of workpiece,plastic effect,continuous cutting and shear break separating in orthogonal cutting;(2)a new phenomenon is found that cutting direction burr is formed with the shear break separation of the chip and workpiece machined surfaces;(3)the size of cutting direction burr varies with workpiece materials,cutting parameters and geometric parameters of the cutting tool.展开更多
The slit diaphragm bridging the neighboring foot pro-cesses functions as a fnal barrier of glomerular capil-lary wall for preventing the leak of plasma proteins into primary urine. It is now accepted that the dysfunct...The slit diaphragm bridging the neighboring foot pro-cesses functions as a fnal barrier of glomerular capil-lary wall for preventing the leak of plasma proteins into primary urine. It is now accepted that the dysfunction of the sit diaphragm contributes to the development of proteinuria in several glomerular diseases. Neph-rin, a gene product of NPHS1, a gene for a congenital nephrotic syndrome of Finnish type, constitutes an ex-tracellular domain of the slit diaphragm. Podocin was identified as a gene product of NPHS2 , a gene for a familial steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome of French. Podocin binds the cytoplasmic domain of nephrin. After then, CD2 associated protein, NEPH1 and transient re-ceptor potential-6 were also found as crucial molecules of the slit diaphragm. In order to explore other novel molecules contributing to the development of protein-uria, we performed a subtraction hybridization assay with a normal rat glomerular RNA and a glomerular RNA of rats with a puromycin aminonucleoside ne-phropathy, a mimic of a human minimal change type nephrotic syndrome. Then we have found that synaptic vesicle protein 2B, ephrin-B1 and neurexin were already downregulated at the early stage of puromycin aminonucleoside nephropathy, and that these molecules were localized close to nephrin. It is conceivable that these molecules are the slit diaphragm associated molecules, which participate in the regulation of the barrier func-tion. These molecules could be targets to establish a novel therapy for nephrotic syndrome.展开更多
The living morphology and infraciliature of two rare marine ciliates, Placussalinus Dietz, 1964 and Strombidium apolatum Wilbert and Song, 2005, collected from the coastalwaters near Qingdao, China, were investigated ...The living morphology and infraciliature of two rare marine ciliates, Placussalinus Dietz, 1964 and Strombidium apolatum Wilbert and Song, 2005, collected from the coastalwaters near Qingdao, China, were investigated by in vivo observation and protargol impregnationtechnique. The improved diagnosis for Placus salinus is as follows: medium-sized marine Placus, invivo (50-60) μm X (30-40) μm; cell elliptical to barrel-shaped; 28-31 somatic kineties; singlemacronucleus usually ellipsoid and one micronucleus located in the indention of the macronucleus;one contractile vacuole posteriorly positioned. Strombidium apolatum is characterized by: marinestrombidium (40-60) μm X (30-45) μm in vivo, cordiform in shape with somewhat pointed posteriorend and conspicuous apical protrusion; extrusomes prominent, about 15 μm in length and evenlyarranged along the circle kinety; about 16 collar and 5-6 buccal membranelles; one elongatemacronucleus and one micronucleus; circle and ventral kineties consisting of about 53 and 45dikinetids respectively.展开更多
基金supported by the National S&T Major Special Project(No.2011ZX05020-008)
文摘Vuggy reservoirs are the most common, albeit important heterogeneous carbonate reservoirs in China. However, saturation calculations using logging data are not well developed, whereas Archie method is more common. In this study, electrical conduction in a vuggy reservoir is theoretically analyzed to establish a new saturation equation for vuggy reservoirs. We found that vugs have a greater effect on saturation than resistivity, which causes inflection in the rock-electricity curve. Using single-variable exPeriments, we evaluated the effects of rug size, vug number, and vug distribution on the rock-electricity relation. Based on the general saturation model, a saturation equation for vuggy reservoirs is derived, and the physical significance of the equation parameters is discussed based on the seepage-electricity similarity. The equation parameters depend on the pore structure, and vugs and matrix pore size distribution. Furthermore, a method for calculating the equation parameters is proposed, which uses nuclear magnetic resonance （NMR） data to calculate the capillary pressure curve. Field application of the proposed equation and parameter derivation method shows good match between calculated and experimental results, with an average absolute error of 5.8%.
文摘In this paper, a new forming model of the feed direction burr for drilling process is presented. The feed direction burr formation is experimented and studied. The related theories are analyzed, and the influential factors of the feed direction burrs are pointed out. Furthermore, a certain number of new measures to prevent and decrease the burr in drilling process are advanced.
基金supported by the 973 Program (Grant No.2007CB209505)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.40674061,40704019)
文摘Wavefields in porous media saturated by two immiscible fluids are simulated in this paper.Based on the sealed system theory,the medium model considers both the relative motion between the fluids and the solid skeleton and the relaxation mechanisms of porosity and saturation（capillary pressure）.So it accurately simulates the numerical attenuation property of the wavefields and is much closer to actual earth media in exploration than the equivalent liquid model and the unsaturated porous medium model on the basis of open system theory.The velocity and attenuation for different wave modes in this medium have been discussed in previous literature but studies of the complete wave-field have not been reported.In our work,wave equations with the relaxation mechanisms of capillary pressure and the porosity are derived.Furthermore,the wavefield and its characteristics are studied using the numerical finite element method.The results show that the slow P3-wave in the non-wetting phase can be observed clearly in the seismic band.The relaxation of capillary pressure and the porosity greatly affect the displacement of the non-wetting phase.More specifically,the displacement decreases with increasing relaxation coefficient.
文摘Due to various reasons, the inspection methods often need to be changed, and the detection reagents often need to be replaced. In this study, a comparative experiment was conducted between the ethanol-based and ether-based determination methods for oil content in imported wool. The determination results obtained from the two methods were treated as abscissa and ordinate respectively,and their linear relationship was analyzed. According to the linear regression analysis, the conversion equation of determination result between the two methods was obtained. In addition, the repeatability admissible error and reproducibility admissible error were established through analyzing the comparative experimental results by scientific software. This study will bring new ideas for further researches in this field, and provide reference for solving the similar problems in actual inspection work.
文摘An alkaline protease was applied on wool knitted fabric in an attempt to improve its shrink resistance. The influence of process parameters was evaluated and the tensile properties, surface characteristics and whiteness of wool were also studied. The results showed that the action of the protease on wool was significantly enhanced by hydrogen peroxide pretreatment. Based on the preliminary test and subsequent factor analysis, an appropriate combined process was obtained. The SEM investigation of the surface characteristics demonstrated that the enzymatic action was not uniform. In addition to the antifelting effects, the enzymatic treatment could lead to an improved degree of whiteness.
文摘Trichobezoar is a rare intriguing disorder in which swallowed hairs accumulates in the stomach. Being indigestible and slippery, it could not be propulsed and becomes entrapped within the stomach. Large amounts can thus accumulate over the years forming a hair ball. Rapunzel syndrome is a variant where hair accumulation reaches the small gut and beyond in some cases. Although the syndrome has been known for many years, only 24 cases have been reported in the literature and the discovery of a new case is always surprising. In this report, we present two cases discovered within a period of three months. One of them was pregnant and had small bowel intussusception and perforation, a very rare combination. We hereby add two more cases to the literature. To our knowledge, this is the first report on two cases of Rapunzel syndrome, the diagnosis of which demands a high index of suspicion.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.59775071).
文摘The cutting burr is one of the common phenomena occurring in metal cutting.In this paper,the forming processes,main effect factors and change law of the cutting direction burr in orthogonal cutting have been studied and related theories are analyzed based on the cutting experiments.The result shows that:(1)the forming processes of cutting direction burr consist of normal cutting,flexure deformation of end surface of workpiece,plastic effect,continuous cutting and shear break separating in orthogonal cutting;(2)a new phenomenon is found that cutting direction burr is formed with the shear break separation of the chip and workpiece machined surfaces;(3)the size of cutting direction burr varies with workpiece materials,cutting parameters and geometric parameters of the cutting tool.
文摘The slit diaphragm bridging the neighboring foot pro-cesses functions as a fnal barrier of glomerular capil-lary wall for preventing the leak of plasma proteins into primary urine. It is now accepted that the dysfunction of the sit diaphragm contributes to the development of proteinuria in several glomerular diseases. Neph-rin, a gene product of NPHS1, a gene for a congenital nephrotic syndrome of Finnish type, constitutes an ex-tracellular domain of the slit diaphragm. Podocin was identified as a gene product of NPHS2 , a gene for a familial steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome of French. Podocin binds the cytoplasmic domain of nephrin. After then, CD2 associated protein, NEPH1 and transient re-ceptor potential-6 were also found as crucial molecules of the slit diaphragm. In order to explore other novel molecules contributing to the development of protein-uria, we performed a subtraction hybridization assay with a normal rat glomerular RNA and a glomerular RNA of rats with a puromycin aminonucleoside ne-phropathy, a mimic of a human minimal change type nephrotic syndrome. Then we have found that synaptic vesicle protein 2B, ephrin-B1 and neurexin were already downregulated at the early stage of puromycin aminonucleoside nephropathy, and that these molecules were localized close to nephrin. It is conceivable that these molecules are the slit diaphragm associated molecules, which participate in the regulation of the barrier func-tion. These molecules could be targets to establish a novel therapy for nephrotic syndrome.
基金supported by‘The National Science Foundation of China’(Nos.40376045,30430090)
文摘The living morphology and infraciliature of two rare marine ciliates, Placussalinus Dietz, 1964 and Strombidium apolatum Wilbert and Song, 2005, collected from the coastalwaters near Qingdao, China, were investigated by in vivo observation and protargol impregnationtechnique. The improved diagnosis for Placus salinus is as follows: medium-sized marine Placus, invivo (50-60) μm X (30-40) μm; cell elliptical to barrel-shaped; 28-31 somatic kineties; singlemacronucleus usually ellipsoid and one micronucleus located in the indention of the macronucleus;one contractile vacuole posteriorly positioned. Strombidium apolatum is characterized by: marinestrombidium (40-60) μm X (30-45) μm in vivo, cordiform in shape with somewhat pointed posteriorend and conspicuous apical protrusion; extrusomes prominent, about 15 μm in length and evenlyarranged along the circle kinety; about 16 collar and 5-6 buccal membranelles; one elongatemacronucleus and one micronucleus; circle and ventral kineties consisting of about 53 and 45dikinetids respectively.
