Thinking about the problem of terrorism, the author finds its origins in the myth of the Trojan War, treating it as a battle for space, which was the primary basis for the civilizational leap--the expansion of the Gre...Thinking about the problem of terrorism, the author finds its origins in the myth of the Trojan War, treating it as a battle for space, which was the primary basis for the civilizational leap--the expansion of the Greek world to the east, which led to the flourishing of Greek culture, creating a precedent of justified colonialism, provided strategy and tactics-the causal apology of violence-all subsequent wars, colonial campaigns, which was no exception for the migratory flows of the XX century, as a result of which the word ＂terrorism＂ sounded with by force of the song of B. Brecht. The theme of ＂space＂-chucked away, lost, taken away, destroyed, compressed, anarchic, empty, boundless, virtual-remains vital in our time, when the limitless possibilities lead to the limitation of man himself, his emptiness, and ＂complete shortuess＂ （Platonov）, when the treaty as the basis of human existence is rejected, and when you become the Other yourself. The metaphysics of ＂violence＂ is buried in anthropology-in ignorance of one＇s limits by man, in denying the boundaries of ＂another＇s,＂ in unwillingness to ask a question mad find the answer, in laziness and, in fact, in the loss of oneself.展开更多
Syed Waliullah （1922-1971） and Albert Camus （1913-1960） are two distinct writers from two different continents. These writers have interesting commonness, especially in two of their novels—Chander Amabasya （Nigh...Syed Waliullah （1922-1971） and Albert Camus （1913-1960） are two distinct writers from two different continents. These writers have interesting commonness, especially in two of their novels—Chander Amabasya （Night of No Moon）, by Walilullah and The Outsider by Camus. The protagonists in both of these novels, ArifAli and Meursault respectively, suffer from existentialist crisis, mainly fueled by the impacts of the tarnished history of colonialism and the aftermaths. Even though the stories of the these protagonists take place almost halfway round the world in entirely different settings, the impacts and facades of the crisis are strikingly similar. This paper is a comparative study of soul-searching Arif Ali and Meursault.展开更多
Cosmopolitan democracy model is presented by David Held, beyond idealistic perspectives of left and right ideologies, mainly with a legal view, and found a global impact. As a prominent theorist in the field of democr...Cosmopolitan democracy model is presented by David Held, beyond idealistic perspectives of left and right ideologies, mainly with a legal view, and found a global impact. As a prominent theorist in the field of democracy studies, David Held, by integrating the principle of autonomy in the model of constitutional democracy with the principle of participation in the model of participatory democracy, introduces a novel composition named ＂cosmopolitan democracy＂ that is a conception of democratic legal relations. Held is the first man who seeks to investigate democracy separated from the ideological models in relation to general human rights and identifies main areas of power in human life. He considers totally seven sets of rights necessarily enabling people to enjoy a free and equal participation in setting their communities. These rights include： right to health, welfare rights, cultural rights, civil rights, economic rights, political rights, and the right to enjoy a peaceful livelihood. Held＇s ultimate desire is to realize ideals of cosmopolitan democracy model in the global sphere, beyond the lessons of the West and the East. Through rethinking the theoretical and practical frameworks of this theory in today＇s world, the current paper seeks to study its role in reproducing democratic realism so that it would prepare the ground for the global consensus far from the ideal models.展开更多
The centurial study in ancient Chinese literary theory has gained certain achievements, which is embodied in the reorganization of materials, the construction of subject, and the establishment of system. However, some...The centurial study in ancient Chinese literary theory has gained certain achievements, which is embodied in the reorganization of materials, the construction of subject, and the establishment of system. However, some problems, including literary aphasia, objectified objectivism and de-contextualization, have revealed during our rethinking of Westernization, scientism and systematism, showing that we have been trapped by Western-centralism, scientism and post-colonialism. Faced with the demand from modem knowledge pattern of de-sinicization, de-contextualization and de-subjectification, we propose reconstruction strategies of re-sinicization and re-pragmatism in order to provide theoretical conception of rebuilding modem system for ancient literary theory study.展开更多
Setting out from the categories of totality and histori（ci）sm in Kosik＇s Dialectics of the Concrete, we look at the relationship between theory and praxis： empty, abstract totality versus concrete, reified and ali...Setting out from the categories of totality and histori（ci）sm in Kosik＇s Dialectics of the Concrete, we look at the relationship between theory and praxis： empty, abstract totality versus concrete, reified and alienated practice （Lukacs, Habermas, Honneth）; a bad totality, in which the real polydimensional subject is replaced by the one-dimensional, mythologized, fetishized, and economistically reduced ＂subject＂ of consummation （Marcuse, Baudrillard）. The dialectics of concrete totality implies a marxistic critique of the ethical and juristic universalism, in the context of the ＂positive＂ side of globalization and political unilateralism, as a concrete, militant, hegemonistic, post-colonial, and neo-imperial practice （Apel, Habermas, Chomsky, Zinoviev）; globalization as totali（tari）zation, the ＂last man,＂ the ＂end of history,＂ and the ＂end＂ of dialectics in its neo-liberal, eschatological, empty ideological ＂realization＂ （Hegel, Marx, Fukuyama, Arendt）; the totality of the （invariable） being as a pseudo-concrete and pseudo-dialectical ontologistic speculation （Heidegger）： A ＂return＂ to a concrete history and a return of the ＂positive＂ dialectics as a critical awareness, mind, and method in the discourse ＂game＂ of human＇s cognitive, creative, and practical powers. The assumption of Kosik＇s humanism is a synchrony of nature and history in the ＂absolute＂ totality of human＇s concrete existence （Lukacs, Goldmann, Adorno, Sartre, Kosik）.展开更多
Democratic private schools in Israel are a part of the neo-liberal discourse. They champion the dialogic philosophy associated with its most prominent advocates--Martin Buber, Emmanuel Levinas---together with Paulo Fr...Democratic private schools in Israel are a part of the neo-liberal discourse. They champion the dialogic philosophy associated with its most prominent advocates--Martin Buber, Emmanuel Levinas---together with Paulo Freire＇s critical pedagogy, the humanistic psychology propounded by Carl Rogers, Nel Noddings＇s pedagogy of care and concern, and even Gadamer＇s integrative hermeneutic perspective. Democratic schools form one of the greatest challenges to State education and most vocal and active critique of the focus conservative education places on exams and achievement. This article describes the dual discourse connected to the schools. The first is the inner dialogical, which is devoted to student freedom and progress, the child being placed at the center. The second is the exterior discourse, which represents the school as a place of counter-education that provides personal and group development and comprises a site of liberty and choice. The schools in Israel are described as test case and indicating the existence of a sophisticated form of deception via the use of alluring terminology. The democratic private schools should be recognized for what they really are--agents of commodification that undermine democracy rather than enhance it.展开更多
Over the past decades, there were questions often asked： What is education？ What is it purpose in the world whether it helps an individual or not to understand himself and connect his views with existing beliefs and...Over the past decades, there were questions often asked： What is education？ What is it purpose in the world whether it helps an individual or not to understand himself and connect his views with existing beliefs and critical thinking about education to deal with daily practical challenges enable in a new way. The founder of instrumentalism philosophical school, ]ohn Dewey remarks that knowledge is practical instrument that purpose must be to solve all problems that a person encounters during his/her lifetime. According to instrumentalism theoretical concepts, theories are instruments by means of that relationship with surrounding world is established （communication becomes possible）. Representatives of traditional epistemology make distinct difference between ＂world＂ and ＂mind＂. In accordance with Dewey＇s genetic epistemology mind, constitutes the result of living being-environment relationship as the universe is defined by our mind and the development of a human＇s knowledge is adaptive response to the environment.展开更多
This paper had started its words from the hot current Umbrella Movement in Hongkong, with putting forward the questions that ＂ What is the democracy？ ＂ and ＂ How should the democracy develop？ ＂ . And then, it ha...This paper had started its words from the hot current Umbrella Movement in Hongkong, with putting forward the questions that ＂ What is the democracy？ ＂ and ＂ How should the democracy develop？ ＂ . And then, it had reviewed the historical development of the concept of democracy, on that basis, it had explored the socialist democratic system in China and analyzed the dilemmas in the construction of socialist democracy. And it gave the responses to questions in the beginning of the article and explained the reasons in details. At the last, some notes on the construction of democracy in China＇ s journey toward rule of law were written in this article.展开更多
This paper argues that there is no real nationalism in the Middle East and if is, then it is an instrumental. The historical process of the region which relates to nationalism has had three stages： （1） the European...This paper argues that there is no real nationalism in the Middle East and if is, then it is an instrumental. The historical process of the region which relates to nationalism has had three stages： （1） the European conquest that forced the indigenous people to battle both for freedom and confront a secular idea such as nationalism; （2） arbitrarily marked borders by the West disregarding ethnic religious and tribal lines and affinity; （3） the creation of Arab nation states with no solid infrastructure of shared national values. This perspective can help understand current political developments in light of the Arab spring upheavals, in Iraq, Syria and Libya.展开更多
In the first two-thirds of The Golden Notebook （1962）, the theme of the crack-up or breakdown is elaborated in the novels representation of national and global politics. Soviet-inspired communism, European coloniali...In the first two-thirds of The Golden Notebook （1962）, the theme of the crack-up or breakdown is elaborated in the novels representation of national and global politics. Soviet-inspired communism, European colonialism and emperialism, Britain society, and national liberation struggles in the Third World are disintegrating, collapsing, crumbling, and fragmenting, under the pressures both internal and external. The last third of the novel relocates the crack-up in the person, [...], of Anna herself. In this paper, the author attempts to show that L The Golden Notebook on the central theme of ＂Breakdown, Fragmentation, and Disintegration＂, essing has written which shows that sometimes when people ＂crack-up＂, it is a way of self-healing. This theme finds an expression in the novel and this paper shows how Anna Wulf, the protagonist, tries to deal with her inner self-divisions, what part is played by each of Anna＇s four notebooks in her struggle to integrate her fragmented inner world and personality, what enables the notebooks to come together in the golden notebook at the end of the novel, and finally, how about her relationships to others, especially to Saul Green, contribute to her ＂crack-up＂ and ＂self-healing＂展开更多
文摘Thinking about the problem of terrorism, the author finds its origins in the myth of the Trojan War, treating it as a battle for space, which was the primary basis for the civilizational leap--the expansion of the Greek world to the east, which led to the flourishing of Greek culture, creating a precedent of justified colonialism, provided strategy and tactics-the causal apology of violence-all subsequent wars, colonial campaigns, which was no exception for the migratory flows of the XX century, as a result of which the word ＂terrorism＂ sounded with by force of the song of B. Brecht. The theme of ＂space＂-chucked away, lost, taken away, destroyed, compressed, anarchic, empty, boundless, virtual-remains vital in our time, when the limitless possibilities lead to the limitation of man himself, his emptiness, and ＂complete shortuess＂ （Platonov）, when the treaty as the basis of human existence is rejected, and when you become the Other yourself. The metaphysics of ＂violence＂ is buried in anthropology-in ignorance of one＇s limits by man, in denying the boundaries of ＂another＇s,＂ in unwillingness to ask a question mad find the answer, in laziness and, in fact, in the loss of oneself.
文摘Syed Waliullah （1922-1971） and Albert Camus （1913-1960） are two distinct writers from two different continents. These writers have interesting commonness, especially in two of their novels—Chander Amabasya （Night of No Moon）, by Walilullah and The Outsider by Camus. The protagonists in both of these novels, ArifAli and Meursault respectively, suffer from existentialist crisis, mainly fueled by the impacts of the tarnished history of colonialism and the aftermaths. Even though the stories of the these protagonists take place almost halfway round the world in entirely different settings, the impacts and facades of the crisis are strikingly similar. This paper is a comparative study of soul-searching Arif Ali and Meursault.
文摘Cosmopolitan democracy model is presented by David Held, beyond idealistic perspectives of left and right ideologies, mainly with a legal view, and found a global impact. As a prominent theorist in the field of democracy studies, David Held, by integrating the principle of autonomy in the model of constitutional democracy with the principle of participation in the model of participatory democracy, introduces a novel composition named ＂cosmopolitan democracy＂ that is a conception of democratic legal relations. Held is the first man who seeks to investigate democracy separated from the ideological models in relation to general human rights and identifies main areas of power in human life. He considers totally seven sets of rights necessarily enabling people to enjoy a free and equal participation in setting their communities. These rights include： right to health, welfare rights, cultural rights, civil rights, economic rights, political rights, and the right to enjoy a peaceful livelihood. Held＇s ultimate desire is to realize ideals of cosmopolitan democracy model in the global sphere, beyond the lessons of the West and the East. Through rethinking the theoretical and practical frameworks of this theory in today＇s world, the current paper seeks to study its role in reproducing democratic realism so that it would prepare the ground for the global consensus far from the ideal models.
文摘The centurial study in ancient Chinese literary theory has gained certain achievements, which is embodied in the reorganization of materials, the construction of subject, and the establishment of system. However, some problems, including literary aphasia, objectified objectivism and de-contextualization, have revealed during our rethinking of Westernization, scientism and systematism, showing that we have been trapped by Western-centralism, scientism and post-colonialism. Faced with the demand from modem knowledge pattern of de-sinicization, de-contextualization and de-subjectification, we propose reconstruction strategies of re-sinicization and re-pragmatism in order to provide theoretical conception of rebuilding modem system for ancient literary theory study.
文摘Setting out from the categories of totality and histori（ci）sm in Kosik＇s Dialectics of the Concrete, we look at the relationship between theory and praxis： empty, abstract totality versus concrete, reified and alienated practice （Lukacs, Habermas, Honneth）; a bad totality, in which the real polydimensional subject is replaced by the one-dimensional, mythologized, fetishized, and economistically reduced ＂subject＂ of consummation （Marcuse, Baudrillard）. The dialectics of concrete totality implies a marxistic critique of the ethical and juristic universalism, in the context of the ＂positive＂ side of globalization and political unilateralism, as a concrete, militant, hegemonistic, post-colonial, and neo-imperial practice （Apel, Habermas, Chomsky, Zinoviev）; globalization as totali（tari）zation, the ＂last man,＂ the ＂end of history,＂ and the ＂end＂ of dialectics in its neo-liberal, eschatological, empty ideological ＂realization＂ （Hegel, Marx, Fukuyama, Arendt）; the totality of the （invariable） being as a pseudo-concrete and pseudo-dialectical ontologistic speculation （Heidegger）： A ＂return＂ to a concrete history and a return of the ＂positive＂ dialectics as a critical awareness, mind, and method in the discourse ＂game＂ of human＇s cognitive, creative, and practical powers. The assumption of Kosik＇s humanism is a synchrony of nature and history in the ＂absolute＂ totality of human＇s concrete existence （Lukacs, Goldmann, Adorno, Sartre, Kosik）.
文摘Democratic private schools in Israel are a part of the neo-liberal discourse. They champion the dialogic philosophy associated with its most prominent advocates--Martin Buber, Emmanuel Levinas---together with Paulo Freire＇s critical pedagogy, the humanistic psychology propounded by Carl Rogers, Nel Noddings＇s pedagogy of care and concern, and even Gadamer＇s integrative hermeneutic perspective. Democratic schools form one of the greatest challenges to State education and most vocal and active critique of the focus conservative education places on exams and achievement. This article describes the dual discourse connected to the schools. The first is the inner dialogical, which is devoted to student freedom and progress, the child being placed at the center. The second is the exterior discourse, which represents the school as a place of counter-education that provides personal and group development and comprises a site of liberty and choice. The schools in Israel are described as test case and indicating the existence of a sophisticated form of deception via the use of alluring terminology. The democratic private schools should be recognized for what they really are--agents of commodification that undermine democracy rather than enhance it.
文摘Over the past decades, there were questions often asked： What is education？ What is it purpose in the world whether it helps an individual or not to understand himself and connect his views with existing beliefs and critical thinking about education to deal with daily practical challenges enable in a new way. The founder of instrumentalism philosophical school, ]ohn Dewey remarks that knowledge is practical instrument that purpose must be to solve all problems that a person encounters during his/her lifetime. According to instrumentalism theoretical concepts, theories are instruments by means of that relationship with surrounding world is established （communication becomes possible）. Representatives of traditional epistemology make distinct difference between ＂world＂ and ＂mind＂. In accordance with Dewey＇s genetic epistemology mind, constitutes the result of living being-environment relationship as the universe is defined by our mind and the development of a human＇s knowledge is adaptive response to the environment.
文摘This paper had started its words from the hot current Umbrella Movement in Hongkong, with putting forward the questions that ＂ What is the democracy？ ＂ and ＂ How should the democracy develop？ ＂ . And then, it had reviewed the historical development of the concept of democracy, on that basis, it had explored the socialist democratic system in China and analyzed the dilemmas in the construction of socialist democracy. And it gave the responses to questions in the beginning of the article and explained the reasons in details. At the last, some notes on the construction of democracy in China＇ s journey toward rule of law were written in this article.
文摘This paper argues that there is no real nationalism in the Middle East and if is, then it is an instrumental. The historical process of the region which relates to nationalism has had three stages： （1） the European conquest that forced the indigenous people to battle both for freedom and confront a secular idea such as nationalism; （2） arbitrarily marked borders by the West disregarding ethnic religious and tribal lines and affinity; （3） the creation of Arab nation states with no solid infrastructure of shared national values. This perspective can help understand current political developments in light of the Arab spring upheavals, in Iraq, Syria and Libya.
文摘In the first two-thirds of The Golden Notebook （1962）, the theme of the crack-up or breakdown is elaborated in the novels representation of national and global politics. Soviet-inspired communism, European colonialism and emperialism, Britain society, and national liberation struggles in the Third World are disintegrating, collapsing, crumbling, and fragmenting, under the pressures both internal and external. The last third of the novel relocates the crack-up in the person, [...], of Anna herself. In this paper, the author attempts to show that L The Golden Notebook on the central theme of ＂Breakdown, Fragmentation, and Disintegration＂, essing has written which shows that sometimes when people ＂crack-up＂, it is a way of self-healing. This theme finds an expression in the novel and this paper shows how Anna Wulf, the protagonist, tries to deal with her inner self-divisions, what part is played by each of Anna＇s four notebooks in her struggle to integrate her fragmented inner world and personality, what enables the notebooks to come together in the golden notebook at the end of the novel, and finally, how about her relationships to others, especially to Saul Green, contribute to her ＂crack-up＂ and ＂self-healing＂
