“寤言不寐,願言则嚏”的民俗学考辨——“嚏”的民俗文化义

《诗经·邶风·终风》＂寤言不寐,願言则嚏＂的解释,历来人言人异。经文＂寤言不寐,願言则嚏＂的＂嚏＂有诸多异文：毛诗本作＂疌＂,韩诗本作＂嚏＂,郑玄笺注本作＂嚏（俗体作啑）＂,王肃注本作＂疐＂,崔灵恩集注本作＂疌＂,陆德明《经典释文》作＂疌＂。认为＂疌＂＂啑＂＂疐＂都是因与＂嚏＂形近而讹。通过对比毛亨、许慎、郑玄、王肃、崔灵恩、朱熹、闻一多七家对＂寤言不寐,願言则嚏＂的解释,指明是非正误皆是由对＂嚏＂这一民俗词的理解而引起的。＂嚏＂在我国古代文化里一直保留了两个含义：一个是病名,一个是民间＂嚏占术＂俗风的遗留。文章结合诗旨,追踪了＂嚏＂的民俗文化意义,认为郑玄的训释最为允当,＂願言则嚏＂中的＂嚏＂正是郑玄对＂嚏＂的民俗文化义的发现与训解。文章最后探讨了＂嚏占术＂＂嚏民俗＂＂嚏文学描写手法＂以及文化意义的引申发展关系。

Effect of Oral Traditions, Folklores and History on the Development of Education in Nigeria, 1977 Till Date

Nigerian literatures contain history in the oral tradition and folklore like satire, proverbs, chants, symbolism etc. in the pre-literate period, Nigeria enjoyed high level of verbal art civilization which traditional rulers and the generality of the populace patronized. The oral tradition served as medium of preservation of culture and history of the ancient past and experiences. Though, most Nigerians can still remember their family history, folklore, tradition and genealogy, only few oral artists and youths of nowadays possess the skill and ability needed to chant the lengthy oral literature. It is in the light of the above that this study examined the effect of oral tradition, folklore, and history on the development of education in Nigeria, 1977 till date. The study adopted historical research method using primary and secondary sources of information to analyze data. Primary sources include, like archive materials, oral interviews and secondary sources include, like textbooks, speeches, journals, and internet materials and images. The outlines of the paper are： the definition of concepts, historical background of Nigerian oral tradition, and folklore in the educational system, the place of oral tradition, folklore and history in the education policy in Nigeria since 1977, the effect of oral tradition, folklore and history on the development of education in Nigeria since 1977, the prospects of oral traditions, folklore and history on the development of education in Nigeria, conclusion and a few recommendations for future improvement. The findings of the study revealed that oral traditions, folklore and history were the bed-rock for the development of education and society in the pre-colonial period, but these were dropped gradually with the advent of the colonial masters and gradually deteriorate both in the educational curriculum and general conduct of the society and these have adverse effect on the nation＇s economy. It is recommended that the beauty of Nigerian history, oral and written traditions, culture, folklore like proverbs, chants, satire and symbolism, be brought back into the school system, politics and every sector of the Nigerian economy for proper advancement to take place in the education sector and for overall national development.

Realism of Movie Arts and Ecology folk cultural heritage in Southern Shaanxi Province --Taking the real movie ＂Lang singing folk songs in the door＂ for example

The real movie ＂Lang singing folk songs in the door＂ is the triangle love story among Xiao Yang, Feng Gang and Zhang Xuefeng. the three characters are the main line. folk songs in Nan Kang Ziyang of Shaanxi are the carrier, full of musical charm and cultural values. Folk songs, and love reveal the tragic loss and suffering in modern youth life-changing period, and reflect the gap between ideal and reality. Movie inspires people, developing and upholding heritage of folk music and cultural needs the whole community＇ s concern and support, a cavity blood alone and personal ideals are not enough, only rely on social groups and cultural media, can Southern folk ecological culture be in sustainable development, and fly out of the country to the world.