民国中学国(语)文知识教学观的嬗变与反思

知识教学是教育的重要问题,具体学科与课程是求解这一问题的重要视角。基于教科书助读系统,追本溯源,回顾民国时期语文知识教学观“被动服从-主动探索-动态生成-拉扯放逐”的嬗变历程,可总结出其呈现从“求知”走向“求解”、从“传递”走向“生成”、从“孤立”走向“整体”的特征。探讨“双新”背景下语文知识教学的深化路径,能有效助推新课程改革的真正落地。

民国时期中学物理教科书中的原子物理学知识

20世纪初原子物理学迅猛发展，新知识不断传人中国，对中国物理学的教学产生重要的影响．本文将梳理民国时期中学物理教科书中原子物理学知识的内容，研究这些教材中有关原子（及核）的结构及其成分的相关内容，并对该内容在民国时期中学物理教科书的演变历史作出评析．随着人类对微观世界的探索，人们所获得的微观领域的知识尚在发展之中，与此同时，中国的科学教育也不断发展着．这使得诸教科书的编者对原子结构、核结构及其成分的表达并不统一，甚至有些概念也有些含混，这导致教科书的内容表现得有些混乱，这种自然科学的认识规律的曲折性，竞也体现在中国教科书的编写之中．

民国时期中学教师任职资格的法规标准与实施述析

民国时期,政府为加强教学管理和提高教学质量,制定了中学教师任职资格的有关法规;但由于当时师范生毕业生数量有限、师范院校升格改校、时局不稳战乱纷争不休等原因,中学教师的任职资格状况不容乐观,现实情况与制度目标存在很大的距离。

沈庆侅生平稽考及著述论略

沈庆侅是民国时期一名普通的中学国文教师,也是一个游离于学术界之外的边缘人物。他酷爱学术研究,一生著述颇丰,但时运不济,作品大多流传不广,影响十分有限。文章基于对沈庆侅现存著述的文本考察,着眼于其生平事迹的勾勒以及对其全部著作进行考释,或许一叶知秋,也能从一个侧面反映近代上海社会发展和基础教育的风貌,其中多有可取之处。

OBSERVATION OF THE EFFICACY OF ACUPUNCTURE AND MOXIBUSTION IN 62 CASES OF CHRONIC COLITIS

62 patients with chronic colitis were randomly divided into two groups. Acupuncture and moxibustion at acupoints such as Tianshu (St 25), Guanyuan (Ren 4) were applied in the treatment group, and western drugs were applied in the control group. The results showed that acupuncture and moxibustion had a marked curative effective with few side effects, and therefore was readily acceptable to the patients.

ROC analysis of CT hemodynamic in the diagnosis of breast cancer

Objective:The aim of this study was evaluate the diagnostic value of computed tomography(CT) perfusion in breast cancer by the method of receiver operator characteristic curve(ROC) analysis.Methods:Eighty-one cases with breast masses found by health examination or mammography were scanned by multi-slice spiral CT(MSCT) perfusion and hemodynamic parameters of blood flow(BF), mean transit time(MTT) and blood volume(BV) were calculated by deconvolution arithmetic.According to the pathologic results, two groups, benign and malignant were classified and statistical analysis were performed between them.The ROC characteristics of BF, MTT, BV were compared for each and the diagnostic value of the hemodynamic parameters were confirmed.Results:In the malignant group, BF was(0.735 ± 0.440) mL/min/mL, MTT was(22.771 ± 7.647) s and BV was 0.234 ± 0.082.In the benign group, BF was(0.466 ± 0.527) mL/min/mL, MTT was(26.712 ± 12.934) s and BV was 0.179 ± 0.117.There was a significant difference for BF and BV between the benign and malignant groups.When the hemodynamic parameters were used to discriminate the breast lesions, the area under the ROC curve(AUCROC) of BF was 0.832 ± 0.086, the maximum, while AUCROC of BV was 0.695 ± 0.092.There was no significant statistical difference between BF and BV.AUCROC of MTT was 0.473 ± 0.102, which was minimal.Since the threshold of BF was 0.381 mL/min/mL, the sensitivity was 82.3%, the specificity was 73.2%, the positive likelihood ratio(LR) was 3.071 and the negative LR was 0.242.The threshold of BV was 0.190 with sensitivity 73.3%, specificity 56.5%, positive likelihood ratio 1.685 and negative LR 0.473.Conclusion:BF and BV among CT hemodynamic parameters have certain diagnostic value in breast cancer, but BF or BV can not yet be single index to confirm or deny the diagnosis.

Impact of Regional Economy on Internal Migration in Yangtze Delta:Based on Panel Data

Metropolitan Shanghai, in Yangtze River Delta (YRD), plays undoubtedly the leading role in the economic development in China, and becomes one of the most important population con- gregation areas. It is also widely regarded as the sixth uprising urban agglomeration in the world. Based on the quantitative stud- ies on basic socioeconomic and demographic profile on the num- ber and transition of population, this paper concluded that the migration is the key factor for population dynamics in YRD. Then, what are the regional economic factors affecting the migration of different cities in YRD? The panel data show that the different wage level is the most important factor that affects the immigra- tion in YRD. Moreover, the ratio of industry sector and service sector has an impact on attracting immigration. However, per-capital GDP and the share of foreign direct investment (FDI) to GDP have dual-side impact: not high per-capital GDP and FDI bring the high immigration.

Black and White, Actual Situation Mr. Liu Pu landscape appreciation

Liu Pu, a visiting professor at Renmin University of China, Vice Chairman of Siehuan landscape, Chairman of Sichuan Chinese Society painting, and the Art Realm presented their works bring us spiritual shock visual experience.

Who hurts who?

Some criminal cases happen campus in recent years.A typical case is the Fudan poison case.The case is closed,but the effect does not end.The objectives of this paper were explore:the personality profile of poison case offender;effects of poison case and to whom they hurt;how to prevent such criminal case.A ten-person focus group interview was used.Content analysis was used for data.

Will the Service Sector Promote China’s Long-Term Employment Growth?

The coexistence of the slowing-down economy and the buoyant employment market has been the pattern in China in recent years, and the service sector has played an important role in this regard. This paper uses empirical analysis to prove that the service sector has a long-term mechanism to promote employment growth： first, the verification of the Baumol-Fuchs hypothesis shows that the income elasticity of demand for services in China is greater than 1. As the current development of the services is lagging behind, this sector has great development potential. Second, the revised employment equation shows that the employment elasticity of the service sector is much higher than that of the industrial sector, and its employment adhesiveness is stronger as well. The employment of the service sector can not only create more jobs for the national economy, but also help stabilize the job market. The employment pressure in China is mainly caused by migrant workers and college graduates. To solve the employment problems of these two groups, China has to promote the development of traditional services and speed up the upgrading of emerging services at the same time, and should neglect neither. This paper provides recommendations accordingly.

Ethnomedicine: fading or flowering? ——Heritage and development of Dai Medicine

Ethnomedicine is an important component of ethnic culture, and a part of traditional medicine in China. We undertook great considerations and in-depth investigations of Dai Medicine, as well as analyses of its basic concepts, current situations, and interrelations with Traditional Chinese Medicine. The issues regarding Dai Medicine's heritage and development are also discussed.

The Spatio-temporal Evolution and Effect Factors of Cultivated Land Fragmentation in Jiangsu,China

Based on the land use change data obtained from the interpretation of remote sensing images in 1985, 1995, 2005 and 2008, the research applied principal component analysis, Markov chain and ESDA method, and took cultivated land patch as the basic unit of landscape. A comprehensive measure of the fragmentation of cultivated land was made in Jiangsu counties and its temporal and spatial evolution characteristics and driving process from the perspective of landscape ecology were discussed. The results are as follows:(1)The overall fragmentation of cultivated land in Jiangsu Province presents that the eastern coastal areas are low, the interior of the west is high, the fragmentation of northern and southern Jiangsu is high, while the fragmentation of mid-Jiangsu is low.(2)The degree of fragmentation of cultivated land in most area of southern Jiangsu and midJiangsu showed an upward trend, while the fragmentation of cultivated land in northern Jiangsu showed a downward trend from 1985 to 2008. The degree of agglomeration of cultivated land is weakened continuously, the area of high value agglomeration is decreasing and the trend of "polarization" is weakening.(3) Topographic condition is the decisive factor for the formation of the difference pattern. The change of rural residential land, cultivated land and the scale of urban land use plays a role on the cultivated land fragmentation index, among them, the change of rural residential land scale has the most significant effect on cultivated land fragmentation.

A New Theory About Teaching Philosophy

The aim of this paper is to elucidate the nature and viability of teaching philosophy establishing their impact on the construction of philosophy in developing countries such as Peru. This article is inserted in the context of the need to rethink the missed philosophy marked by Badiou who proposes two ideas and binding areas： Philosophy is a reflection on all that is in the infinite universe, including humans; and, being the reflection （thinking） an innate characteristic of the human being, then, in some way, we are philosophers. It follows two thoughts that philosophy is not taught or learned but is assumed in the measure of their level of education and knowledge. In such conditions, it is not the teaching of philosophy that which has to build philosophy or form ＂philosophers,＂ but is education. It is established, therefore, that between the philosophy and the education, there is a direct relationship in the sense that the first is based on the second and a good education is a prerequisite for the development of philosophy in a society condition. For this important reason, developing countries still do not have adequate conditions for sustained construction of philosophy because they have educational models that prevent it from radiating a good education to society. Being a good carrier of a good education philosophy, a poorly educated person has limitations to acquire of philosophical thinking. Therefore, these reasons are that in these countries, the teaching philosophy has proved to be unsuccessful. Being poor education in underdeveloped societies, where language skills and science are below international standards, it is easy to deduce that such societies are facing philosophy and devoid of conditions to form part of their cultures. Our hypothesis is that philosophy in a society cannot be built on the basis of the teaching of philosophy, but on the basis of a good education. The fact that in underdeveloped societies, as is the case of Peru, there is no philosophy in terms of what it means in modern times, is not because there is no teaching of philosophy but because there is archaic educational models. In these countries, the education model is anti-philosophical. Our approach is based on the education system prevalent in underdeveloped countries such as Peru, which is not feasible ＂teaching philosophy＂ to steadily build philosophy as part of national cultures, and instead it is necessary for the design and implementation of new models of education.

A CLINICAL OBSERVATION ON CORONARY HEART DISEASE TREATED BY OTOPUNCTURE AT HEART OTOPOINT

In the clinical study of acupuncture for treatment of coronary heart disease, body acupuncture was primarily used, and otopuncture was seldom used. Under the premise of guarantee of therapeutic effects, screening out relatively specific acupoint for treatment of coronary disease is a

EFFECTS OF ELECTRO ACUPUNCTURE AND TWIRLING REINFORCING-REDUCING MANIPULATIONS ON VOLUME OF MICROCIRCULATORY BLOOD FLOW IN CEREBRAL PIA MATER

Effects of electroacupuncture (EA) and routine acupuncture with twirling reinforcing and reducing manipulation of the needle (RA) both at Zusanli point (St 36) on volume of microcirculatory blood flow in the cerebral pia mater were observed by fenestration of the cranial bone and laser Doppler microcirculatory blood flow analyser. Results showed that both RA and EA could increase the volume of microcirculatory blood flow in the cerebral pia mater; and that the increase in the EA group was superior to that in RA group. This suggests that a moderate and effective stimulation is a key to the production of a regulative effect on the organism.

民国历史教育与历史研究之争

近代以降,历史学成为一门独立的科学,＂历史教育因之也成为研究问题之一。于是科学的历史学和以教育为目的的历史学之间,遂发生了不一致的理论及其内容＂,~①吴绳海先生所说不假。1904年,标志着历史教育学这门学科诞生的《历史教授法》一文,就已对历史教育与历史研究有所区分,＂科学论历史者,在研究社会全体之进化,然以教科论历史者,则在借历史上理法、事实以达其教育之目的,此即二者取径之异也＂。

Will Big Cabinet Changes Lead to Big Societal Changes?

State Council restructuring moves to improve governance One of the central concepts in Chinese philosophy is the perpetuity of change,and as a great number of scholars have pointed out,it is an extraordinary capacity for change,even radically when necessary,that is the hallmark of the political system of the People’s Republic of China.

Biomechanical researches on tissue engineering bone constructed by deproteinated bone

Objective： To study biomechanical changes of newly formed bones 24 weeks after repairing large defects of long bones of goats using heterogeneous deproteinated bone （DPB） prepared by modified methods as an engineering scaffold. Methods： According to a fully randomized design, 18 goats were evenly divided into three groups： normal bone control group （Group A）, autologous bone group （Group B） and experimental group （Group C）. Each goat in Groups B and C were subjected to the periosteum and bone defect at middle-lower part of the right tibia （20% of the whole tibia in length）, followed by autologous bone or DPB plus autolognus MSCs ＋ rhBMP2 implantation, respectively and semi- ring slot fixation; while goats in Group A did not perform osteotomy. At 24 weeks after surgery, biomechanical tests were carried out on the tibias. Results： At 24 weeks after surgery, the results of anticompression test on tibias in three groups were recorded by a functional recorder presented as linear pressure-deformation curve. The shapes of the curves and their change tendency were similar among three groups. The ultimate pressure values were 10.74 MPa±1.23 MPa, 10. 11 MPa±1.35 MPa and 10.22 MPa±1.32 MPa and fracture compression rates were 26.82%±0.87%, 27.17%±0.75% and 28.22%±1.12% in Groups A, B and C, respectively. Comparisons of anti-compression ultimate pressures and fracture compression rates among three groups demonstrated no significant difference （PAB=0.415, PBC=0.494）. Three-point antibend test on tibias was recorded as load-deformation curves, and the shapes of the curves and their change tendency were similar among three groups. The ultimate pressure values of the anti-bend test were 481.52 N±12.45 N, 478.34 N±14.68 N and 475.62 N±13.41 N and the fracture bend rates were 2.62 mm±0.12 mm, 2.61 mm±0.15 mm and 2.81 mm±0.13 mm in Groups A, B and C, respectively. There was no significant difference between groups （PAB=0.7, PBc=0.448）. The ultimate anti-torsion torque values were 6.55 N.mi-0.25 N.m, 6.34 N＇m^0.18 N＇m and 6.42 N＇m^0.21 N＇m and fracture torsion rates were 29.51°±1.64°, 28.88±1.46° and 28.81°±1.33° in Groups A, B and C, respectively. There was no significant difference between groups （PAB=0.123, PBc=0.346）. Conclusions： The biomechanical characteristics of newly formed bones from heterogeneous DPB for repairing large segmental long bone defect are comparable to those of normal bones and autologous bones. DPB has the potential for clinical usage as bone graft material.

Exploring the Tendencies of Netizens＇ Policy Attitudes in China

Despite the rapid growth of the Internet and the surge of public online discourse on policies in China, little is known about the tendencies of netizens＇ policy attitudes, and less attention has been paid to how policy attitudes form from a social psychological perspective. In this study, we explore how netizens have developed their negative attitudes towards established political policy through online interaction. Using grounded theory, the paper analyzes the netizens＇ online comments on a new policy of flexible working hours for civil servants in Ningbo. The concept of policy-precipitation is used to explain how the residue of outcome from previous policies, the impression of government departments and the image of civil service intensify the formation of netizens＇ policy cognition orientation. In addition, the concept of policy-cognitive inertia is put forward to explore the subjective factor which is a way of thinking inherent in leading to netizens＇ cognitive tendency of policies. Finally, a policy attitude formation process model and a policy attitude influence elements model are proposed to demonstrate the effects of policy-precipitation and policy-cognitive inertia on the formation of a certain policy attitude trend.