张其淦《左传礼说》探析

张其淦为清末民初岭南学者,其《左传礼说》为民国经学中《左传》学研究的重要著作。通过张其淦的师承渊源、基于所处时代开展的学术活动,考察《左传礼说》的成书背景。从《左传礼说》的序言及正文,以厚左氏、释礼有新意、多处驳斥杜说等探讨该书的特色。纵向沿察由汉至明清《左传》礼学的研究脉络,横向与《公》《谷》礼学比较,再将《左传礼说》置于成书时代的经学研究特色中考量,综合评价《左传礼说》的学术价值。

经学史研究的一缕清风?——读新出《中国经学史大纲》

台湾学者叶纯芳所著《中国经学史大纲》,北京大学出版社2016年8月出版,以承袭民国时期的研究传统和成果的台湾学界的经学史为特色,实则对于民国经学与台湾经学的研究和推介,均感不足。文章系针对《中国经学史大纲》的批评性书评。

Will the Service Sector Promote China’s Long-Term Employment Growth?

The coexistence of the slowing-down economy and the buoyant employment market has been the pattern in China in recent years, and the service sector has played an important role in this regard. This paper uses empirical analysis to prove that the service sector has a long-term mechanism to promote employment growth： first, the verification of the Baumol-Fuchs hypothesis shows that the income elasticity of demand for services in China is greater than 1. As the current development of the services is lagging behind, this sector has great development potential. Second, the revised employment equation shows that the employment elasticity of the service sector is much higher than that of the industrial sector, and its employment adhesiveness is stronger as well. The employment of the service sector can not only create more jobs for the national economy, but also help stabilize the job market. The employment pressure in China is mainly caused by migrant workers and college graduates. To solve the employment problems of these two groups, China has to promote the development of traditional services and speed up the upgrading of emerging services at the same time, and should neglect neither. This paper provides recommendations accordingly.

Impact of Regional Economy on Internal Migration in Yangtze Delta:Based on Panel Data

Metropolitan Shanghai, in Yangtze River Delta (YRD), plays undoubtedly the leading role in the economic development in China, and becomes one of the most important population con- gregation areas. It is also widely regarded as the sixth uprising urban agglomeration in the world. Based on the quantitative stud- ies on basic socioeconomic and demographic profile on the num- ber and transition of population, this paper concluded that the migration is the key factor for population dynamics in YRD. Then, what are the regional economic factors affecting the migration of different cities in YRD? The panel data show that the different wage level is the most important factor that affects the immigra- tion in YRD. Moreover, the ratio of industry sector and service sector has an impact on attracting immigration. However, per-capital GDP and the share of foreign direct investment (FDI) to GDP have dual-side impact: not high per-capital GDP and FDI bring the high immigration.

Philosophy and Economic Injustice in Nigeria

In philosophy, justice is a big and yet flexible concept. Thrasymacus sees it as the interest of the stronger party; while the Institute for Creation Research sees it as being legal and ethical, restorative and penal with regards to human rights. Political, legal, religious, social etc., are forms of justice but in this work, the authors are concerned with economic justice. First, the authors say that the Nigerian society is in disorder as a result of entrenched economic injustice partly inspired by its multi-ethnicity and multi-religiousity. The authors therefore, investigate what constitutes economic justice in a nation like Nigeria： Is it equitable distribution of national wealth to individuals, groups, and regions？ Or, is it the distribution of national wealth proportionate to the contributions of individuals, groups, and regions to the national treasury, or still the distribution of national wealth according to political power blocs which fall within regional and ethnic lines？ The aim of this paper is to establish that no matter which definition one adopts, there have been some regions in Nigeria namely Niger Delta or the South-South and southeast regions which account for over 80% of national income in oil revenue but which continue to experience sustained economic injustice in the distribution of national wealth, federal projects, basic amenities etc., since the end of the civil war in 1970. In the societal strata, the wage earners are at the receiving end of government＇s unjust taxation system which enables the high net-worth individuals to pay less and most times evade taxation on their stupendous income. In another scenario, poor citizens are unjustly treated in the sharing of national wealth when compared with the wealthy class for example; they live in areas lacking in basic amenities; they are deprived access to loans to finance their businesses, agricultural project, and other crafts by the premium placed on collateral policies. We therefore conclude that the Nigerian society is lopsided as a result of massive economic injustices in Nigeria at the individual, group, and regional levels. In sum, the authors revisit philosophy＇s role at addressing such societal disorder orchestrated by various economic injustices perpetrated in Nigeria.

The Experience of Model Minority for High- and Low-Income Asian American Students

The author examines the differentiation of self-identity, school treatment, and academic struggle between two Asian American students in U.S. Midwest urban school environments. Using an interview study, the author focuses on understanding the students＇ perspectives in relation to the label of model minority. The purpose of the study is to investigate how social, academic, and economic factors affect these students, including different outcomes in terms of school achievement and self-identity formation. The findings aim to help urban educators approach complex factors regarding minority students＇ educational opportunities. Comprehensive results identified that： （1） The concept of model minority significantly affects Asian American students at all levels of daily life; （2） Urban schools continue reinforcing social reproduction and producing perceptions based on socioeconomic background and intersectional discrimination; （3） The evidence in the study shows that school environments do not aid students in valuing their cultural capital; （4） Students from different social classes present different linguistic and behavioral patterns; and （5） Social stratification significantly influences students＇ perspectives in response to the Asian stereotype, self-identity, and racial hierarchy in school and society.

A New Theory About Teaching Philosophy

The aim of this paper is to elucidate the nature and viability of teaching philosophy establishing their impact on the construction of philosophy in developing countries such as Peru. This article is inserted in the context of the need to rethink the missed philosophy marked by Badiou who proposes two ideas and binding areas： Philosophy is a reflection on all that is in the infinite universe, including humans; and, being the reflection （thinking） an innate characteristic of the human being, then, in some way, we are philosophers. It follows two thoughts that philosophy is not taught or learned but is assumed in the measure of their level of education and knowledge. In such conditions, it is not the teaching of philosophy that which has to build philosophy or form ＂philosophers,＂ but is education. It is established, therefore, that between the philosophy and the education, there is a direct relationship in the sense that the first is based on the second and a good education is a prerequisite for the development of philosophy in a society condition. For this important reason, developing countries still do not have adequate conditions for sustained construction of philosophy because they have educational models that prevent it from radiating a good education to society. Being a good carrier of a good education philosophy, a poorly educated person has limitations to acquire of philosophical thinking. Therefore, these reasons are that in these countries, the teaching philosophy has proved to be unsuccessful. Being poor education in underdeveloped societies, where language skills and science are below international standards, it is easy to deduce that such societies are facing philosophy and devoid of conditions to form part of their cultures. Our hypothesis is that philosophy in a society cannot be built on the basis of the teaching of philosophy, but on the basis of a good education. The fact that in underdeveloped societies, as is the case of Peru, there is no philosophy in terms of what it means in modern times, is not because there is no teaching of philosophy but because there is archaic educational models. In these countries, the education model is anti-philosophical. Our approach is based on the education system prevalent in underdeveloped countries such as Peru, which is not feasible ＂teaching philosophy＂ to steadily build philosophy as part of national cultures, and instead it is necessary for the design and implementation of new models of education.

劉異《經學概論》發微

清末,善化皮錫瑞著《經學歷史》,又著《經學通論》,一縱一横,首開中國近現代經學叙事格局。民國間,衡陽劉異著《經學概論》,益陽陳鼎忠著《六藝後論》,衡陽馬宗霍著《中國經學史》,繼起而承之。四家之説蔚然爲湖南經學之大觀。其中皮、馬之書,世已多見,而劉、陳两家,皆古學淵深,宗旨玄遠,體例謹嚴,文辭精雅,大有青出於藍之勢。二書同年問世,在民國經學中實可並稱爲两大著述家,與一般經學教科書相去絶遠。在湘學統緒中,尤爲不可多得的龍門砥柱。陳鼎忠《六藝後論》批評康有爲及疑古派最爲激烈,得乎時義,其經學成就近年已有學者闡發;而劉異的經學貢獻尚乏推挹,乃至生平事迹亦所罕聞。故就所聞,謹作發覆。