On June 24th, 2018, President Tayyip Erdogan, along with his pro-Islamic party, the Justice and Development Pazty, AKP, won the general election in Turkey, which will enable Mr. Erdogan to be a one-man ruler of the Re...On June 24th, 2018, President Tayyip Erdogan, along with his pro-Islamic party, the Justice and Development Pazty, AKP, won the general election in Turkey, which will enable Mr. Erdogan to be a one-man ruler of the Republic of Turkey in the foreseeable future. Now, invested with infinite executive-presidential power, coupled with having complete control of the military, cabinet, judiciary and legislative branches, enables Mr. Erdogan to pursue his ambition to be a “nuclea3： power leader” in the Sunni Islamic world. The scientific denialism in general and environmental science, in particular, will reach a whole new level of insanity in Turkey where any conceivable environmental democracy will be abolished. The new government will further change the education establishment in every level and implement its anti-science political doctrines in which logic is an enemy and scientific truth is a menace. The last fifteen years of experience show that the AKP＇s politicians have become anti-science zealots who preach a dangerously new political cultism that is devoid of actual facts, if it does not fit their religious aberration narrative, Thus, virtually every aspect of the nuclear power program in Turkey will be a state secret under the control of one religiously motivated and driven ruler and this, should certainly sound alarm bells across the globe.展开更多
When the relationship between the government and the citizens is taken into consideration, at the times when the government is misusing its power, the citizens may express themselves about the injustice in various way...When the relationship between the government and the citizens is taken into consideration, at the times when the government is misusing its power, the citizens may express themselves about the injustice in various ways and civil disobedience is one of them. If the injustice still exists after all the judicial proceedings are taken, then, this act that has nonviolence as its fundamental philosophy is seen to take place. The most important representatives of civil disobedience in the world are Socrates, Henry David Thoreau, M. Luther King and Mahatma Gandhi. These thinkers with their discourses and actions put forth what constitutes as civil disobedience and set an example to other societies. In this study, firstly, the aforementioned notion of civil disobedience is explained. Then, some demonstrations that took place in Turkey are evaluated in the framework of civil disobedience. The aim is to determine whether or not these demonstrations can be considered as examples of ＂civil disobedience＂. Also, the reasons why some of these demonstrations are not in the scope of civil disobedience are discussed. In this study, depiction and historical methods are used.展开更多
Multinational firms such as Apple Inc. have accomplished environmental colonialism in China through the transfer of ecological costs to the local environment. This paper discusses ambiguities in China＇s environmental...Multinational firms such as Apple Inc. have accomplished environmental colonialism in China through the transfer of ecological costs to the local environment. This paper discusses ambiguities in China＇s environmental legislation and supervision, Apple＇s business model, and ＂green washing. ＂ Further, we have identified countermeasures such as the encouraging Environmental Non-Governmental Organizations （ENGOs）, streamlining litigation procedures, increasing fines, and the development of nonprofit media organizations.展开更多
In coping with the global financial crisis, all levels of the Chinese government and foreign trade firms have not only created new practices but have also changed their goal from transforming the growth pattern of for...In coping with the global financial crisis, all levels of the Chinese government and foreign trade firms have not only created new practices but have also changed their goal from transforming the growth pattern of foreign trade to transforming the development pattern of joreign trade. China＇s experience shows that economic instruments such as Net Barter Terms of Trade （NBTT） and the smile curve theory have limitations when it comes to interpreting foreign trade. If used improperly, scientific theories often lead to.fallacies. Transjbrming the development pattern of China＇s .foreign trade requires the following changes： national income distribution, foreign trade competition, market exploration, and resource utilization. We advise that competent authorities create a reasonable and operational system of assessment indicators.展开更多
State policies exert a great influence over Chinese civil justice. Article 6 of the General Principles of Civil Law stipulates that state policies are a source of civil law, but the path by which they enter civil just...State policies exert a great influence over Chinese civil justice. Article 6 of the General Principles of Civil Law stipulates that state policies are a source of civil law, but the path by which they enter civil justice is not a rational one and may lead to adjudication difficulties with state policies. State policies are integrated with state law, and the laws and legal interpretations formulated by the National People＇s Congress and its Standing Committee, judicial interpretations, administrative regulations, autonomous regulations and special regulations, administrative rules and other regulatory documents are forms of expression of state policies. Different rules for adjudication apply depending on the different vehicles of state policy. The Supreme People＇s Court can play a role in making public policy and guiding state policy into civil adjudication through ＂open＂ and ＂unseen＂ channels.展开更多
The new provisions on judicial interpretation work issued by the Supreme People＇s Court （SPC） explicitly establish two procedural institutions： ＂Citizen motion for project initiation of judicial interpretation＂ ...The new provisions on judicial interpretation work issued by the Supreme People＇s Court （SPC） explicitly establish two procedural institutions： ＂Citizen motion for project initiation of judicial interpretation＂ and ＂Seeking public comment.＂ Under the rubric of democratization, these create ＂primafacie democratic legitimacy＂ for it to carry out the political function of developing law through judicial interpretation, and also enable it to broadly absorb information or knowledge in the course of Chinese-style judicial interpretation, especially abstract interpretation. However, the ＂democratization＂ trend gives also the impression that the SPC hews so close to public opinion that it will find itself in a quandary if it becomes necessary for it to make an independent and wise judgment. The SPC must find an appropriate balance between following behind and standing aloof from public opinion. Therefore, we should not take any further steps in ＂democratization.＂ An acceptable strategy for the present would be for the SPC to retain abstract interpretation in a limited sphere while working on reforming the content, form and system of concrete interpretation and extending its scope of application, letting the two models of judicial interpretation coexist and compete for future development and choices.展开更多
文摘On June 24th, 2018, President Tayyip Erdogan, along with his pro-Islamic party, the Justice and Development Pazty, AKP, won the general election in Turkey, which will enable Mr. Erdogan to be a one-man ruler of the Republic of Turkey in the foreseeable future. Now, invested with infinite executive-presidential power, coupled with having complete control of the military, cabinet, judiciary and legislative branches, enables Mr. Erdogan to pursue his ambition to be a “nuclea3： power leader” in the Sunni Islamic world. The scientific denialism in general and environmental science, in particular, will reach a whole new level of insanity in Turkey where any conceivable environmental democracy will be abolished. The new government will further change the education establishment in every level and implement its anti-science political doctrines in which logic is an enemy and scientific truth is a menace. The last fifteen years of experience show that the AKP＇s politicians have become anti-science zealots who preach a dangerously new political cultism that is devoid of actual facts, if it does not fit their religious aberration narrative, Thus, virtually every aspect of the nuclear power program in Turkey will be a state secret under the control of one religiously motivated and driven ruler and this, should certainly sound alarm bells across the globe.
文摘When the relationship between the government and the citizens is taken into consideration, at the times when the government is misusing its power, the citizens may express themselves about the injustice in various ways and civil disobedience is one of them. If the injustice still exists after all the judicial proceedings are taken, then, this act that has nonviolence as its fundamental philosophy is seen to take place. The most important representatives of civil disobedience in the world are Socrates, Henry David Thoreau, M. Luther King and Mahatma Gandhi. These thinkers with their discourses and actions put forth what constitutes as civil disobedience and set an example to other societies. In this study, firstly, the aforementioned notion of civil disobedience is explained. Then, some demonstrations that took place in Turkey are evaluated in the framework of civil disobedience. The aim is to determine whether or not these demonstrations can be considered as examples of ＂civil disobedience＂. Also, the reasons why some of these demonstrations are not in the scope of civil disobedience are discussed. In this study, depiction and historical methods are used.
文摘Multinational firms such as Apple Inc. have accomplished environmental colonialism in China through the transfer of ecological costs to the local environment. This paper discusses ambiguities in China＇s environmental legislation and supervision, Apple＇s business model, and ＂green washing. ＂ Further, we have identified countermeasures such as the encouraging Environmental Non-Governmental Organizations （ENGOs）, streamlining litigation procedures, increasing fines, and the development of nonprofit media organizations.
文摘In coping with the global financial crisis, all levels of the Chinese government and foreign trade firms have not only created new practices but have also changed their goal from transforming the growth pattern of foreign trade to transforming the development pattern of joreign trade. China＇s experience shows that economic instruments such as Net Barter Terms of Trade （NBTT） and the smile curve theory have limitations when it comes to interpreting foreign trade. If used improperly, scientific theories often lead to.fallacies. Transjbrming the development pattern of China＇s .foreign trade requires the following changes： national income distribution, foreign trade competition, market exploration, and resource utilization. We advise that competent authorities create a reasonable and operational system of assessment indicators.
文摘State policies exert a great influence over Chinese civil justice. Article 6 of the General Principles of Civil Law stipulates that state policies are a source of civil law, but the path by which they enter civil justice is not a rational one and may lead to adjudication difficulties with state policies. State policies are integrated with state law, and the laws and legal interpretations formulated by the National People＇s Congress and its Standing Committee, judicial interpretations, administrative regulations, autonomous regulations and special regulations, administrative rules and other regulatory documents are forms of expression of state policies. Different rules for adjudication apply depending on the different vehicles of state policy. The Supreme People＇s Court can play a role in making public policy and guiding state policy into civil adjudication through ＂open＂ and ＂unseen＂ channels.
文摘The new provisions on judicial interpretation work issued by the Supreme People＇s Court （SPC） explicitly establish two procedural institutions： ＂Citizen motion for project initiation of judicial interpretation＂ and ＂Seeking public comment.＂ Under the rubric of democratization, these create ＂primafacie democratic legitimacy＂ for it to carry out the political function of developing law through judicial interpretation, and also enable it to broadly absorb information or knowledge in the course of Chinese-style judicial interpretation, especially abstract interpretation. However, the ＂democratization＂ trend gives also the impression that the SPC hews so close to public opinion that it will find itself in a quandary if it becomes necessary for it to make an independent and wise judgment. The SPC must find an appropriate balance between following behind and standing aloof from public opinion. Therefore, we should not take any further steps in ＂democratization.＂ An acceptable strategy for the present would be for the SPC to retain abstract interpretation in a limited sphere while working on reforming the content, form and system of concrete interpretation and extending its scope of application, letting the two models of judicial interpretation coexist and compete for future development and choices.
