Comparative studies of Japanese mythology have developed since the 1920s above all through eftbrts of Japanese ethnologists. They have paid attention to the possible ethno-cultural complexes that brought mythological ...Comparative studies of Japanese mythology have developed since the 1920s above all through eftbrts of Japanese ethnologists. They have paid attention to the possible ethno-cultural complexes that brought mythological motifs into the archipelago. In the present paper the theories set forth by Nobuhiro Matsumoto, Akihide Mishina, and Masao Oka are examined in terms of retrospect. The result shows that they shared the view that at least three different complexes, based in ancient Yamato, Izumo, and Kyushu respectively, contributed to the formation of Japanese mythology compiled in the 8th century CE （Common Era）. Their assumptions were synthesized by Taryo Obayashi in 1961, the hypothesis which has survived until today. In future we should cooperate with other disciplines and address the formation process of Japanese mythology.展开更多
Genetic Algorithms (GAs) are efficient non-gradient stochastic search methods and Parallel GAs (PGAs) are proposed to overcome the deficiencies of the sequential GAs, such as low speed, aptness to local convergence, e...Genetic Algorithms (GAs) are efficient non-gradient stochastic search methods and Parallel GAs (PGAs) are proposed to overcome the deficiencies of the sequential GAs, such as low speed, aptness to local convergence, etc. However, the tremendous increase in the communication costs accompanied with the parallelization stunts the further improvements of PGAs. This letter takes the decrease of the communication costs as the key to this problem and advances a new Migration Scheme based on Schema Theorem (MSST). MSST distills schemata from the populations and then proportionately disseminates them to other populations, which decreases the total communication cost among the populations and arms the multiple-population model with higher speed and better scalability.展开更多
Since the 18th Party Congress in 2012, there has been a steady stream of articles in the Chinese press discussing the ＂Chinese Dream＂ It is a dream of national rejuvenation, of China taking its rightful place in the...Since the 18th Party Congress in 2012, there has been a steady stream of articles in the Chinese press discussing the ＂Chinese Dream＂ It is a dream of national rejuvenation, of China taking its rightful place in the world. There is no definition of national rejuvenation： nobody knows what it will look like. According to the Chinese leadership, the future models must be found from domestic soil and tradition. Traditionally, China was seen as a civilization at the center of All-Under- Heaven, a non-hegemonic power which relied to force only in order to protect itself against outside aggression. There are two upcoming centennials that serve as major milestones along the way to the rejuvenation, namely the 100th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party in 2021, and the establishment of the People＇s Republic in 2049. The celebrations then will reveal if China follows this ancient tradition of benevolence, peacefulness and wisdom.展开更多
The nation can be broken down into two categories： ＂ancient nations＂ and ＂modern nations.＂ The ancient Huaxia nation went through two phases in the course of its formation： the self-existent nation and the self-...The nation can be broken down into two categories： ＂ancient nations＂ and ＂modern nations.＂ The ancient Huaxia nation went through two phases in the course of its formation： the self-existent nation and the self-aware nation. The reason the self-existent Huaxia nation1 arose in the Xia and Shang period lies in its unified yet diverse composite state structure that could encompass a variety of buzu within the framework of a dynastic state. The pre-Xia Five Emperors period saw the genesis of the Huaxia nation. During this period, different buzu states were cemented into a diverse yet unified nation-state through a confederation of chiefdoms.展开更多
When China＇s new president Xi Jinping first introduced the Chinese dream, he said that Chinese dream means the great revival of the Chinese nation （中华民族伟大复兴） （Xinhua Net： http：//news.xinhuanet.com/ziliao...When China＇s new president Xi Jinping first introduced the Chinese dream, he said that Chinese dream means the great revival of the Chinese nation （中华民族伟大复兴） （Xinhua Net： http：//news.xinhuanet.com/ziliao/2013-05108/c_ 124669102.htm）. This great revival invites people to refer to the most prosperous time of Chinese history, when China had been the greatest nation in the world both economically and militarily. Mr. Wang Yi, the new minister of foreign affairs, has explained that the realization of Chinese dreams, albeit the great revival of the Chinese nation needs a peaceful and stable neighborhood （Wang Yi： Insist on Peaceful Development, Realise the Chinese Dream of Nation＇s Revival： http：// theory.people.com.cn/n/2014/0217/c40531-24378766.html）. Yet now the most prominent threat, as China＇s military and economic powers quickly rise, is the deficiency in trust toward China. This lack of mutual trust is especially important among East Asian countries （Ba and Shen in Jilin Univ J Soc Sci Edit 54（3）： 13-20, 2014, p. 14）, the most direct neighborhood of China. In the article, I will analyze the historical and political origins of mistrust toward China, and argue that multilateralism is a highly possible solution for the problem of trust deficiency. Thus, adopting multilateralism is the key for realizing Chinese dreams, because it generates trusts by regulating states＇ behavior through institutionalization of collaboration.展开更多
China has a new spot on the UNESCO World Heritage ListThree sites of the Tusi heritage—areas resided in by ethnic minorities in southwest and central China from the 13th century to the mid-20th century—were added to...China has a new spot on the UNESCO World Heritage ListThree sites of the Tusi heritage—areas resided in by ethnic minorities in southwest and central China from the 13th century to the mid-20th century—were added to the list of the UNESCO World Heritage Sites in July,increasing the number of the country’s World Heritage Sites to 48,the second largest in the world following Italy.展开更多
文摘Comparative studies of Japanese mythology have developed since the 1920s above all through eftbrts of Japanese ethnologists. They have paid attention to the possible ethno-cultural complexes that brought mythological motifs into the archipelago. In the present paper the theories set forth by Nobuhiro Matsumoto, Akihide Mishina, and Masao Oka are examined in terms of retrospect. The result shows that they shared the view that at least three different complexes, based in ancient Yamato, Izumo, and Kyushu respectively, contributed to the formation of Japanese mythology compiled in the 8th century CE （Common Era）. Their assumptions were synthesized by Taryo Obayashi in 1961, the hypothesis which has survived until today. In future we should cooperate with other disciplines and address the formation process of Japanese mythology.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.60073012)National Science Foundation of Jiangsu, China(BK2001004)Visiting Scholar Foundation of Key Lab. in the University
文摘Genetic Algorithms (GAs) are efficient non-gradient stochastic search methods and Parallel GAs (PGAs) are proposed to overcome the deficiencies of the sequential GAs, such as low speed, aptness to local convergence, etc. However, the tremendous increase in the communication costs accompanied with the parallelization stunts the further improvements of PGAs. This letter takes the decrease of the communication costs as the key to this problem and advances a new Migration Scheme based on Schema Theorem (MSST). MSST distills schemata from the populations and then proportionately disseminates them to other populations, which decreases the total communication cost among the populations and arms the multiple-population model with higher speed and better scalability.
文摘Since the 18th Party Congress in 2012, there has been a steady stream of articles in the Chinese press discussing the ＂Chinese Dream＂ It is a dream of national rejuvenation, of China taking its rightful place in the world. There is no definition of national rejuvenation： nobody knows what it will look like. According to the Chinese leadership, the future models must be found from domestic soil and tradition. Traditionally, China was seen as a civilization at the center of All-Under- Heaven, a non-hegemonic power which relied to force only in order to protect itself against outside aggression. There are two upcoming centennials that serve as major milestones along the way to the rejuvenation, namely the 100th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party in 2021, and the establishment of the People＇s Republic in 2049. The celebrations then will reveal if China follows this ancient tradition of benevolence, peacefulness and wisdom.
基金part of the fruits of the National Key Program for Social Sciences on"Theories and Methodologies in Research on the Origins of China"(Grant No.:12&ZD133) in 2012funded by Shanghai Higher Education’s Connotation Construction Project("085 Project") of Sociology
文摘The nation can be broken down into two categories： ＂ancient nations＂ and ＂modern nations.＂ The ancient Huaxia nation went through two phases in the course of its formation： the self-existent nation and the self-aware nation. The reason the self-existent Huaxia nation1 arose in the Xia and Shang period lies in its unified yet diverse composite state structure that could encompass a variety of buzu within the framework of a dynastic state. The pre-Xia Five Emperors period saw the genesis of the Huaxia nation. During this period, different buzu states were cemented into a diverse yet unified nation-state through a confederation of chiefdoms.
文摘When China＇s new president Xi Jinping first introduced the Chinese dream, he said that Chinese dream means the great revival of the Chinese nation （中华民族伟大复兴） （Xinhua Net： http：//news.xinhuanet.com/ziliao/2013-05108/c_ 124669102.htm）. This great revival invites people to refer to the most prosperous time of Chinese history, when China had been the greatest nation in the world both economically and militarily. Mr. Wang Yi, the new minister of foreign affairs, has explained that the realization of Chinese dreams, albeit the great revival of the Chinese nation needs a peaceful and stable neighborhood （Wang Yi： Insist on Peaceful Development, Realise the Chinese Dream of Nation＇s Revival： http：// theory.people.com.cn/n/2014/0217/c40531-24378766.html）. Yet now the most prominent threat, as China＇s military and economic powers quickly rise, is the deficiency in trust toward China. This lack of mutual trust is especially important among East Asian countries （Ba and Shen in Jilin Univ J Soc Sci Edit 54（3）： 13-20, 2014, p. 14）, the most direct neighborhood of China. In the article, I will analyze the historical and political origins of mistrust toward China, and argue that multilateralism is a highly possible solution for the problem of trust deficiency. Thus, adopting multilateralism is the key for realizing Chinese dreams, because it generates trusts by regulating states＇ behavior through institutionalization of collaboration.
文摘China has a new spot on the UNESCO World Heritage ListThree sites of the Tusi heritage—areas resided in by ethnic minorities in southwest and central China from the 13th century to the mid-20th century—were added to the list of the UNESCO World Heritage Sites in July,increasing the number of the country’s World Heritage Sites to 48,the second largest in the world following Italy.
