Nearly all countries have seed organisations and private seed companies, laws and technical regulations to govern their while the role of the farmers＇ seed system has formal seed system, run by formal public been mar...Nearly all countries have seed organisations and private seed companies, laws and technical regulations to govern their while the role of the farmers＇ seed system has formal seed system, run by formal public been marginalised especially in developed countries. Local traditional varieties that are largely taken care of and nurtured by farmers＇ seed system have also been excluded from the formal seed system. Nowadays, however, it is quite common to see locally-sourced vegetables on supermarket shelves, while an increasing number of consumers visit farmers＇ market and become aware of local traditional vegetables available only through such channels. It is in this context that many local governments, public agricultural experimental stations and even private seed companies are becoming interested in the use and management of local traditional varieties of vegetables in Japan. The objective of this paper is to elucidate some characteristics of and factors behind the condition, potentiality and limitations of farmers＇ seed systems vis-a-vis the expected role of public experimental stations and locally-based seed companies, especially when it comes to the use and management of local traditional vegetables and their genetic resources in Japan. This paper is based on our case studies, in which we conducted in some interviews with relevant local actors in addition to literature and statistical surveys.展开更多
For a long time, private lending is the main channel for SME financing, and play an important role in solving the problem of SME financing.In addition,private lending also promotes the operation of private capital,whi...For a long time, private lending is the main channel for SME financing, and play an important role in solving the problem of SME financing.In addition,private lending also promotes the operation of private capital,which is conducive to the development of the national economy.This paper expound the development status of private lending, based on analysis of the SWOT, analyzing the strengths and weaknesses of private lending and private lending opportunities and challenges in the process of legalization.In the end of this paper, the author proposes appropriate coping strategies to solve threats and weaknesses that may exist for the development of private lending.展开更多
In my paper, “Sublimated Colonialism： The Persistence of Actually Existing Settler-Colonialism,” I interrogate the remaining settler-colonialisms that refused to disappear during the epoch of decolonization. I am m...In my paper, “Sublimated Colonialism： The Persistence of Actually Existing Settler-Colonialism,” I interrogate the remaining settler-colonialisms that refused to disappear during the epoch of decolonization. I am most concerned with those settler-colonialisms that persist at the centers of world capitalism, and examine bow this social context often produces an ideology that relegates the concrete reality of settler-colonialism to the past, pushing its existence under supposedly “modem” social relations. Since Frantz Fanon＇s analysis of settler-colonialism, and the class contradiction between colonizer and colonized, was developed in an era where settler-colonialism was partially defined by the relationship between motherland and colony, some often imagine that the era of settler-colonialism is over. Clearly settler-colonialism did not vanish along with this distinction; internal colonies are retained in North America, for example, and the state of Israel is perhaps the most recent historical of this type of colonialism since it was settled and established in the 20th century. Moreover, there is often talk of a “world-wide indigenous movement” which claims to represent a global anti-colonialist front. The point of my paper, therefore, is to examine how settler-colonialism functions and persists when the settler-colony has become synonymous with the motherland. In this social context, colonizers often imagine themselves as the native inhabitants, while those who remain colonized are pushed even further out of history than they were during the previous era of settler-colonialism.展开更多
文摘Nearly all countries have seed organisations and private seed companies, laws and technical regulations to govern their while the role of the farmers＇ seed system has formal seed system, run by formal public been marginalised especially in developed countries. Local traditional varieties that are largely taken care of and nurtured by farmers＇ seed system have also been excluded from the formal seed system. Nowadays, however, it is quite common to see locally-sourced vegetables on supermarket shelves, while an increasing number of consumers visit farmers＇ market and become aware of local traditional vegetables available only through such channels. It is in this context that many local governments, public agricultural experimental stations and even private seed companies are becoming interested in the use and management of local traditional varieties of vegetables in Japan. The objective of this paper is to elucidate some characteristics of and factors behind the condition, potentiality and limitations of farmers＇ seed systems vis-a-vis the expected role of public experimental stations and locally-based seed companies, especially when it comes to the use and management of local traditional vegetables and their genetic resources in Japan. This paper is based on our case studies, in which we conducted in some interviews with relevant local actors in addition to literature and statistical surveys.
文摘For a long time, private lending is the main channel for SME financing, and play an important role in solving the problem of SME financing.In addition,private lending also promotes the operation of private capital,which is conducive to the development of the national economy.This paper expound the development status of private lending, based on analysis of the SWOT, analyzing the strengths and weaknesses of private lending and private lending opportunities and challenges in the process of legalization.In the end of this paper, the author proposes appropriate coping strategies to solve threats and weaknesses that may exist for the development of private lending.
文摘In my paper, “Sublimated Colonialism： The Persistence of Actually Existing Settler-Colonialism,” I interrogate the remaining settler-colonialisms that refused to disappear during the epoch of decolonization. I am most concerned with those settler-colonialisms that persist at the centers of world capitalism, and examine bow this social context often produces an ideology that relegates the concrete reality of settler-colonialism to the past, pushing its existence under supposedly “modem” social relations. Since Frantz Fanon＇s analysis of settler-colonialism, and the class contradiction between colonizer and colonized, was developed in an era where settler-colonialism was partially defined by the relationship between motherland and colony, some often imagine that the era of settler-colonialism is over. Clearly settler-colonialism did not vanish along with this distinction; internal colonies are retained in North America, for example, and the state of Israel is perhaps the most recent historical of this type of colonialism since it was settled and established in the 20th century. Moreover, there is often talk of a “world-wide indigenous movement” which claims to represent a global anti-colonialist front. The point of my paper, therefore, is to examine how settler-colonialism functions and persists when the settler-colony has become synonymous with the motherland. In this social context, colonizers often imagine themselves as the native inhabitants, while those who remain colonized are pushed even further out of history than they were during the previous era of settler-colonialism.
