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帛爵赐予与汉代民间社会治理的实践——以赐“三老”帛爵为考察中心
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作者 吴方浪 《中国社会历史评论》 2020年第2期29-45,293,共18页
关于汉代"三老"问题,学界已有较多研究,但在两汉"三老"社会分层、"三老五更"与"国三老"关系、县乡"三老"参与民间社会治理实践等方面论之不详。以所属行政级别论,汉代"三老&qu... 关于汉代"三老"问题,学界已有较多研究,但在两汉"三老"社会分层、"三老五更"与"国三老"关系、县乡"三老"参与民间社会治理实践等方面论之不详。以所属行政级别论,汉代"三老"可分为"国三老"("三老五更")、"郡三老"(包括"王国三老")、"县三老"(包括"侯国三老""邑三老")、"乡三老"四个层级,其中"国三老"与"县三老"两汉常见。以身份而论,县、乡"三老"非官非吏,仅为一类拥有功名、具备做官资格的地方士大夫,在地方社会拥有极强号召力和影响力,且在参与民间社会治理中发挥重要作用,成为汉统治者拉拢、礼敬的重要对象。汉统治者并以帛、爵赐予手段,将游离于官制秩序外的地方"三老"纳入王朝统治秩序之中,实践对民间社会治理强化。 展开更多
关键词 汉代 “三老” 帛爵赐予 民间社会治理
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The Growing Conceptualisation, Institutionalisation and Concretisation of Civil Society's Role in Global Governance
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作者 Martin Westlake 《Fudan Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences》 2011年第3期84-96,共13页
The past two decades have been marked by five distinct but interlinked and converging trends that are gradually, collectively, cumulatively creating a whole new aspect of governance that, whilst it cannot replace or s... The past two decades have been marked by five distinct but interlinked and converging trends that are gradually, collectively, cumulatively creating a whole new aspect of governance that, whilst it cannot replace or supplant traditional forms of government, will increasingly complement them. This new aspect is, by its very nature, heterogeneous and organically fluid and does not allow for easy categorisation or comparative empirical study. Nevertheless, civil society- and particularly organised civil society-is increasingly exerting new forms of influence and representation and, as it does so, so its role is being consolidated and institutionalised at all levels. 展开更多
关键词 organised civil society participatory democracy INSTITUTIONALISATION
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