考虑电/热/气耦合需求响应的多能微网多种储能容量综合优化配置

在多能微网中配置多种储能设备有利于平滑可再生能源波动性,提升供能可靠性和用能经济性。以含风光发电和电/热/气负荷的多能微网为研究对象,研究考虑电/热/气耦合需求响应的微能源网多种储能系统优化配置方法。首先,基于人体对温度的模糊度以及电负荷和气负荷的可转移特性建立耦合需求响应模型。在此基础上,以经济成本和碳排放量最小为目标,建立了基于耦合需求响应的多种储能容量综合规划的多目标优化模型。然后,采用自适应动态权重因子以适应规划场景的灵活多变。最后,通过算例比较了应用耦合需求响应以及配置储能系统前后多能微网的经济性以及碳排放量,从而验证了所提方法的有效性。

空间再入飞行器热气动弹性数值研究进展

热气动弹性分析关系到空间再入飞行器的气动性能、结构安全和振动特性。文章对空间再入飞行器热气动弹性研究的数值方法和研究进展进行了回顾;总结了热气动弹性数值的模拟内容、气/固/热多物理场耦合方法和高超声速气动力、气动热求解方法等方面研究的典型成果与特点;比较了单向耦合分层求解方法与双向耦合方法在热气动弹性分析方面的优缺点,指出气动力、气动热的工程计算方法和降阶方法存在一定误差,采用时域方法求解Navier-Stokes方程的全阶模型获取气动力和气动热更为准确;并对未来的研究趋势进行了展望,提出了需要进一步深入探讨的若干问题,包括空间再入过程气/热/固多场耦合物理机制的准确描述、空间充气式再入减速器这类柔性结构的热气动弹性分析以及热气动弹性试验验证等三个方面。

Effects of extratropical solar penetration on North Atlantic Ocean circulation and climate

Effects of extratropical solar penetration on the North Atlantic Ocean circulation and climate are investigated using a coupled ocean-atmosphere model.In this model,solar penetration generates basinwide cooling and warming in summer and winter,respectively.Associated with SST changes,annual mean surface wind stress is intensified in both the subtropical and subpolar North Atlantic,which leads to acceleration of both subtropical and subpolar gyres.Owing to warming in the subtropics and significant saltiness in the subpolar region,potential density decreases(increases) in the subtropical(subpolar)North Atlantic.The north-south meridional density gradient is thereby enlarged,accelerating the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation(AMOC).In addition,solar penetration reduces stratification in the upper ocean and favors stronger vertical convection,which also contributes to acceleration of the AMOC.

Dissipative Travelling Wave Solution for El Nio Tropic Sea-air Coupled Oscillator

El Nifio and Southern Oscillation （ENSO） is an interannual phenomenon involved in the tropical Pacific sea-air interactions. An asymptotic method of solving equations for the ENSO model is proposed. Based on a class of oscillator of ENSO model and by employing a simple and valid method of the variational iteration, the coupled system for a sea-air oscillator model of interdecadal climate fluctuations is studied. Firstly, by introducing a set of functionals and computing the variationals, the Lagrange multipliers are obtained. And then, the generalized variational iteration expressions are constructed. Finally, by selecting appropriate initial iteration, and from the iterations expressions, the approximations of solution for the sea-air oscillator ENSO model are solved successively. The approximate dissipative travelling wave solution of equations for corresponding ENSO model is studied. It is proved from the results that the method of the variational iteration can be used for analyzing the sea surface temperature anomaly in the equatorial Pacific of the sea-air oscillator for ENSO model.

TBCC燃烧室/喷管一体化壁面温度计算

基于Navier-Stokes(N-S)方程组对包括隔热屏、隔热屏内外流、大气外流在内的涡轮基组合动力(TBCC)发动机燃烧室/喷管进行了一体化的气/热耦合数值模拟,考虑了燃气组分输运、辐射换热等影响,研究了其在某典型飞行状态下TBCC冲压发动机燃烧室/喷管筒体及隔热屏内外壁壁面温度、辐射换热热流及对流换热热流分布.结果表明:燃烧室/喷管筒体与对称面上下交线的壁面温度在轴向距离为0.5~2.6m内变化较小,在轴向距离为2.6~3.1m内急剧增加,在轴向距离为3.1~3.5m内急剧下降.之后,上交线筒体壁面温度沿流向减小,下交线筒体壁面温度先升高后降低.筒体壁面温度最高点在喷管下调节板收缩段,为1 577K.隔热屏内壁面辐射热流在370~500kW/m2变化,上下交线处的辐射热流较外壁面的辐射热流约高300kW/m2,辐射热流沿流向先减小后增加.隔热屏外壁面辐射热流在50~200kW/m2范围内分布.

Aerothermal-aeroelastic two-way coupling method for hypersonic curved panel flutter

A method to compute aerothermal-aeroelastic two-way coupling for hypersonic curved panel flutter is proposed. The aero-therrno-elastic governing equations of a simply-supported two dimensional curved panel are developed based on the von K＇arrn＇an geometrically non-linear theory. The Galerkin approach is used to simplify the equations into discrete forms, which are solved by the fourth-order Ronger-Kutta method. The third-order piston theory is applied to the aerodynamics. The Eck- ert＇s reference temperature method and the panel heat flux formula are used to compute the aerodynamic heat flux. Several important effects are included, namely 1） two-way coupling considering the effect of elastic deformation on aerodynamic heating and aerodynamic heating on stiffness of structure, 2） accumulation of the aerodynamic heating in real cruise, 3） arbitrary, non-uniform, in-plane and through-thickness temperature distributions, and 4） the effect of initial deformation of curved panel on the flight time to the onset of flutter. Compared with the results of aerothermal-aeroelastic one-way coupling, it is revealed that the two-way coupling which induces decrease of the flight time to the onset of flutter is more dangerous. In addition, importance should be attached to this method in actual analysis.

Development of an aero-thermal coupled through-flow method for cooled turbines

The influence of complicated interaction between the flow field and heat transfer in cooled turbines becomes more and more significant with the increasing turbine inlet temperature. However, classical through-flow methods did not take into account the influence of the interaction caused by air cooling. The aerodynamic design and cooling design of cooled turbines were carried out separately, and the iterations between the aerodynamic design and cooling design led to a long design period and raised the design cost. To shorten the design period and decrease the design cost, this paper proposes a concise aero-thermal coupled through-flow method for the design of cooled turbines, taking into account the influence of the complicated interaction between the flow field and heat transfer in cooled turbines. The governing equations, such as energy equation and continuity equation in classical through-flow method are re-derived theoretically by considering the historical influence of cooling with the same method that deals with viscous losses in this paper. A cooling model is developed in this method. The cooled blade is split into a number of heat transfer elements, and the heat transfer is studied element by element along both the span and the chord in detail. This paper applies the method in the design of a two-stage axial turbine, of which the first stator is cooled with convective cooling. With the prescribed blade temperature limitation and the knowledge of the flow variables of the mainstream at the turbine inlet, such as the total pressure, total temperature and mass flow rate, the convergence of the calculation is then obtained and the properties of the flow field, velocity triangles and coolant requirement are well predicted. The calculated results prove that the aero-thermal coupled through-flow method is a reliable tool for flow analysis and coolant requirement prediction in the design of cooled turbines.

Impacts of boundary layer parameterization schemes and air-sea coupling on WRF simulation of the East Asian summer monsoon

The planetary boundary layer （PBL） scheme in the regional climate model （RCM） has a significant impact on the interactions and exchanges of moisture, momentum, and energy between land, ocean, and atmosphere; however, its uncertainty will cause large systematic biases of RCM. Based on the four different PBL schemes （YSU, ACM2, Boulac, and MYJ） in Weather Research and Forecasting （WRF） model, the impacts of these schemes on the simulation of circulation and precipitation during the East Asian summer monsoon （EASM） are investigated. The simulated results of the two local turbulent kinetic energy （TKE） schemes, Boulac and MYJ, are more consistent with the observations than those in the two nonlocal closure schemes, YSU and ACM2. The former simulate more reasonable low-level southwesterly flow over East China and west pacific subtropical high （WPSH） than the latter. As to the modeling of summer monsoon precipitation, both the spatial distributions and temporal evolutions from Boulac and MTT are also better than those in YSU and ACM2 schemes. In addition, through the comparison between YSU and Boulac experiments, the differences from the results of EASM simulation are more obvious over the oceanic area. In the experiments with the nonlocal schemes YSU and ACM2, the boundary layer mixing processes are much stronger, which lead to produce more sea surface latent heat flux and enhanced convection, and finally induce the overestimated precipitation and corresponding deviation of monsoon circulation. With the further study, it is found that the absence of air-sea interaction in WRF may amplify the biases caused by PBL scheme over the ocean. Consequently, there is a reduced latent heat flux over the sea surface and even more reasonable EASM simulation, if an ocean model coupled into WRF.

A possible bias of simulating the post-2000 changing ENSO

Since the late 1990s, a climate shift has occurred over the tropical Pacific that is characterized with a La Nifia-like mean state. Coincident with this climate shift, climate models＇ skills in predicting the El Nifio Southern Oscillation （ENSO） events in the 2000s are sig- nificantly lower than in the 1980s-1990s, A common bias is likely to exist in contemporary ENSO models that got amplified after the climate shift. In this study, we identify this model bias to be the wind-sea surface temperature coupling processes over the tropical Pacific. Evidence is presented to show that this coupling process experienced an obvious shift around year 2000 in its coupling strength and coupling center. A simple ENSO coupled model is used to demonstrate that the changing properties of the post-2000 ENSO events can be more realistically simulated if this model bias is alleviated.