为研究在气液两相条件下液力透平内部的流动规律,选择比转速为55.7的单级单吸离心泵反转作液力透平（Pumps as Turbines,PAT）,在考虑气体可压缩的基础上对该模型在不同流量、不同含气率下进行数值计算。分析含气率对液力透平外特性和...为研究在气液两相条件下液力透平内部的流动规律,选择比转速为55.7的单级单吸离心泵反转作液力透平（Pumps as Turbines,PAT）,在考虑气体可压缩的基础上对该模型在不同流量、不同含气率下进行数值计算。分析含气率对液力透平外特性和液力透平各过流部件内流场的影响规律,总结不同工况下液力透平内气液两相流动规律。研究发现：随着含气率的增大,液力透平的效率和功率逐渐减小、扬程逐渐增加,气体的存在对液力透平效率影响较大;液力透平叶片进口有明显的旋涡,随着流量和含气率的增大,混合介质的相对速度均增加;含气率从液力透平进口到出口逐渐增大,叶片背面的含气率要比工作面大,过流部件内的气体分布不对称,随着含气率的变大,气体分布的均匀性变差。展开更多
A numerical method was developed to directly simulate the compressible, particle-laden turbulent jets.The fourth order compact finite difference schemes were used to discretize the space derivatives. The Lagrangian me...A numerical method was developed to directly simulate the compressible, particle-laden turbulent jets.The fourth order compact finite difference schemes were used to discretize the space derivatives. The Lagrangian method was adopted to simulate the particle motion based on one-way coupling. It is found that the turbulent intensity profiles attain self-similar status in the jet downstream regions. At the Stokes number of 1, particles are concentrated largely in the outer boundaries of the large-scale vortex structures with the most uneven distribution and the widest dispersion in the lateral direction. Particles at the much smaller Stokes numbers are distributed evenly in the flow field, and the lateral dispersion is also considerable. Distribution of particles at much larger Stokes numbers is more uniform and the lateral dispersion becomes small. In addition, the inflow conditions have different effects on the particle dispersion. The direct numerical simulation (DNS) results accord with the previous experiments and numerical studies.展开更多
Abstract： In order to study the flammability and explosion property of gases during the propane oxidation to acrylic acid process, the explosion limits and the safety oxygen content of gases at the recycle gas compre...Abstract： In order to study the flammability and explosion property of gases during the propane oxidation to acrylic acid process, the explosion limits and the safety oxygen content of gases at the recycle gas compressor outlet, the reactor inlet, and the reactor outlet were theoretically calculated and experimentally tested. Finally, the inert limit was also determined. It showed that gases at the recycle gas compressor outlet and the reactor outlet were nonflammable based on three indicators： the explosion limits, the safety oxygen content and the inert limit. The C3H6 and O2 contents were higher at the reactor inlet, which made the mixed gases easily ignitable. However, the large amount of inert gases suppressed the possibility of explo- sion effectively. As a consequence, no explosion phenomenon would happen in all three locations. But gases at the reactor inlet are most dangerous, where more supervision on the concentration of gases and more strict control on the temperature and pressure should be implemented. Besides this, open flame, hot surfaces and other sources of ignition are prohibited in working spaces. The experimental results can be applied to similar process for oxidation of propane.展开更多
中空玻璃幕墙合理设计的一个关键环节是合理确定玻璃面板的荷载分配,而现阶段不同国家和地区对于中空玻璃幕墙设计的相关规定有较大差别。为了明确其差异性,对比了中、美和欧现行中空玻璃幕墙设计规范、标准和基于功的互等定理的理论研...中空玻璃幕墙合理设计的一个关键环节是合理确定玻璃面板的荷载分配,而现阶段不同国家和地区对于中空玻璃幕墙设计的相关规定有较大差别。为了明确其差异性,对比了中、美和欧现行中空玻璃幕墙设计规范、标准和基于功的互等定理的理论研究在荷载分配机理、适用范围的异同,并以某工程实例的三玻两腔幕墙为例,对荷载分配结果进行对比和参数化分析。研究结果表明:EN 16612-2019是目前考虑影响荷载分配因素最为全面的标准;JGJ 255—2012与《Code of practice for structure use of glass》考虑了放大系数使分配结果偏保守;在初始空腔体积V=0.021 m3的中空玻璃幕墙中,考虑气体压缩性影响的玻璃分配的荷载比例较具有更大初始空腔体积的中空玻璃幕墙提高10%以上;两空腔气温为70℃的极端环境下,空腔气温变化引起的外侧外片玻璃的温度荷载为-0.3 kPa,远小于玻璃分配的风荷载±1.76 kPa。此外,基于现有规范、标准的适用范围,对完善中空幕墙设计需进一步考虑的问题提出了建议,包括考虑不同玻璃的几何外形及外荷载类型等。展开更多
This work attempts to extend the fundamental theory for classic gas dynamics to viscous compressible flow,of which aeroacoustics will naturally be a special branch.As a continuation of Part I.Unbounded fluid(Mao et al...This work attempts to extend the fundamental theory for classic gas dynamics to viscous compressible flow,of which aeroacoustics will naturally be a special branch.As a continuation of Part I.Unbounded fluid(Mao et al.,2022),this paper studies the source of longitudinal field at solid boundary,caused by the on-wall kinematic and viscous dynamic coupling of longitudinal and transverse processes.We find that at this situation the easiest choice for the two independent thermodynamic variables is the dimensionless pressure P and temperature T.The two-level structure of boundary dynamics of longitudinal field is obtained by applying the continuity equation and its normal derivative to the surface.We show that the boundary dilatation flux represents faithfully the boundary production of vortex sound and entropy sound,and the mutual generation mechanism of the longitudinal and transverse fields on the boundary does not occur symmetrically"at the samc level,but appears along a zigzag route.At the first level,it is the pressure gradient that generates vorticity unidirectionally;while at the second level,it is the vorticity that generates dilatation unidirectionally.展开更多
With the development of the micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS),the flow characteristics in micro-channels have drawn increasing attention.In this paper,numerical simulations are conducted to investigate the flow c...With the development of the micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS),the flow characteristics in micro-channels have drawn increasing attention.In this paper,numerical simulations are conducted to investigate the flow characteristics of compressible flow through micro-channels and micronozzles.An improved surface roughness viscosity model is used to simulate the effect of surface roughness on micro-channels flow characteristics.Using this model,better agreements between the computational results and the experimental data are found.The result indicates that the surface roughness is one of the important factors affecting the flow characteristics of gas through micro-channels.The numerical investigation on the expansion channel shows that by using the laminar model that considers surface roughness,the computational results and experimental data are consistent when Re<450,whereas deviation increases when Re>450.Based on the synthetic model with considerations of turbulence viscosity and surface roughness,the numerical results and the experimental data are identical.展开更多
文摘为研究在气液两相条件下液力透平内部的流动规律,选择比转速为55.7的单级单吸离心泵反转作液力透平（Pumps as Turbines,PAT）,在考虑气体可压缩的基础上对该模型在不同流量、不同含气率下进行数值计算。分析含气率对液力透平外特性和液力透平各过流部件内流场的影响规律,总结不同工况下液力透平内气液两相流动规律。研究发现：随着含气率的增大,液力透平的效率和功率逐渐减小、扬程逐渐增加,气体的存在对液力透平效率影响较大;液力透平叶片进口有明显的旋涡,随着流量和含气率的增大,混合介质的相对速度均增加;含气率从液力透平进口到出口逐渐增大,叶片背面的含气率要比工作面大,过流部件内的气体分布不对称,随着含气率的变大,气体分布的均匀性变差。
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province (No. 502047 and No. M503094)National Basic Research Program of China (No. 2003CB214500).
文摘A numerical method was developed to directly simulate the compressible, particle-laden turbulent jets.The fourth order compact finite difference schemes were used to discretize the space derivatives. The Lagrangian method was adopted to simulate the particle motion based on one-way coupling. It is found that the turbulent intensity profiles attain self-similar status in the jet downstream regions. At the Stokes number of 1, particles are concentrated largely in the outer boundaries of the large-scale vortex structures with the most uneven distribution and the widest dispersion in the lateral direction. Particles at the much smaller Stokes numbers are distributed evenly in the flow field, and the lateral dispersion is also considerable. Distribution of particles at much larger Stokes numbers is more uniform and the lateral dispersion becomes small. In addition, the inflow conditions have different effects on the particle dispersion. The direct numerical simulation (DNS) results accord with the previous experiments and numerical studies.
基金financially supported by the National Science and Technology Support Program of China(2012BAK13B01)
文摘Abstract： In order to study the flammability and explosion property of gases during the propane oxidation to acrylic acid process, the explosion limits and the safety oxygen content of gases at the recycle gas compressor outlet, the reactor inlet, and the reactor outlet were theoretically calculated and experimentally tested. Finally, the inert limit was also determined. It showed that gases at the recycle gas compressor outlet and the reactor outlet were nonflammable based on three indicators： the explosion limits, the safety oxygen content and the inert limit. The C3H6 and O2 contents were higher at the reactor inlet, which made the mixed gases easily ignitable. However, the large amount of inert gases suppressed the possibility of explo- sion effectively. As a consequence, no explosion phenomenon would happen in all three locations. But gases at the reactor inlet are most dangerous, where more supervision on the concentration of gases and more strict control on the temperature and pressure should be implemented. Besides this, open flame, hot surfaces and other sources of ignition are prohibited in working spaces. The experimental results can be applied to similar process for oxidation of propane.
文摘中空玻璃幕墙合理设计的一个关键环节是合理确定玻璃面板的荷载分配,而现阶段不同国家和地区对于中空玻璃幕墙设计的相关规定有较大差别。为了明确其差异性,对比了中、美和欧现行中空玻璃幕墙设计规范、标准和基于功的互等定理的理论研究在荷载分配机理、适用范围的异同,并以某工程实例的三玻两腔幕墙为例,对荷载分配结果进行对比和参数化分析。研究结果表明:EN 16612-2019是目前考虑影响荷载分配因素最为全面的标准;JGJ 255—2012与《Code of practice for structure use of glass》考虑了放大系数使分配结果偏保守;在初始空腔体积V=0.021 m3的中空玻璃幕墙中,考虑气体压缩性影响的玻璃分配的荷载比例较具有更大初始空腔体积的中空玻璃幕墙提高10%以上;两空腔气温为70℃的极端环境下,空腔气温变化引起的外侧外片玻璃的温度荷载为-0.3 kPa,远小于玻璃分配的风荷载±1.76 kPa。此外,基于现有规范、标准的适用范围,对完善中空幕墙设计需进一步考虑的问题提出了建议,包括考虑不同玻璃的几何外形及外荷载类型等。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12102365,91752202,11472016,11621202,and 12272371).
文摘This work attempts to extend the fundamental theory for classic gas dynamics to viscous compressible flow,of which aeroacoustics will naturally be a special branch.As a continuation of Part I.Unbounded fluid(Mao et al.,2022),this paper studies the source of longitudinal field at solid boundary,caused by the on-wall kinematic and viscous dynamic coupling of longitudinal and transverse processes.We find that at this situation the easiest choice for the two independent thermodynamic variables is the dimensionless pressure P and temperature T.The two-level structure of boundary dynamics of longitudinal field is obtained by applying the continuity equation and its normal derivative to the surface.We show that the boundary dilatation flux represents faithfully the boundary production of vortex sound and entropy sound,and the mutual generation mechanism of the longitudinal and transverse fields on the boundary does not occur symmetrically"at the samc level,but appears along a zigzag route.At the first level,it is the pressure gradient that generates vorticity unidirectionally;while at the second level,it is the vorticity that generates dilatation unidirectionally.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No. 10872106)
文摘With the development of the micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS),the flow characteristics in micro-channels have drawn increasing attention.In this paper,numerical simulations are conducted to investigate the flow characteristics of compressible flow through micro-channels and micronozzles.An improved surface roughness viscosity model is used to simulate the effect of surface roughness on micro-channels flow characteristics.Using this model,better agreements between the computational results and the experimental data are found.The result indicates that the surface roughness is one of the important factors affecting the flow characteristics of gas through micro-channels.The numerical investigation on the expansion channel shows that by using the laminar model that considers surface roughness,the computational results and experimental data are consistent when Re<450,whereas deviation increases when Re>450.Based on the synthetic model with considerations of turbulence viscosity and surface roughness,the numerical results and the experimental data are identical.
