气体物料压缩输送设备的防火与防爆

综合分析了气体压缩输送设备火灾爆炸事故的原因和机理，提出了气体压缩输送设备的防火防爆技术措施，具有一定的实用意义。

Electromotive Force for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells Using Biomass Produced Gas as Fuel

The electromotive force （e.m.f.） of solid oxide fuel cells using biomass produced gas （BPG） as the fuels is calculated at 700-1,200 K using an in-house computer program, based on thermodynamic equilibrium analysis. Tour program also predicts the concentration of oxygen in the fuel chamber as well as the concentration of equilibrium species such as H2, CO, CO2 and CH4. Compared with using hydrogen as a fuel, the e.m.f. for cells using BPG as the fuels is relative low and strongly influenced by carbon deposition. To remove carbon deposition, the optimum amount of H2O to add is determined at various operating temperatures. Further the e.m.f, for cells based on yttria stabilized zirconia and doped ceria as electrolytes are compared. The study reveals that when using BPG as fuel, the depression of e.m.f, for a SOFC using doped ceria as electrolyte is relatively small when compared with that using Yttria stabilized zirconia.

A Comparison between Fossil and Nuclear Power Plants Pollutions and Their Environmental Effects

New researches on serious public health problems such as respiratory disease, heart attacks, and premature deaths, show the threat of air and environmental pollution on human＇s health. Exhausting greenhouse gases for electrical energy production in fossil fueled power plants is one of the major reasons of environmental pollutions. Increasing energy demand has made global concerns about the environmental pollutions of fossil power plants. In this article, fossil power plant productive pollutants such as Sulfur Dioxide, Mercury, and Carbon Dioxide, are investigated. On the other hand, nuclear power plant and its produced waste are discussed as the future power generation source. In this article, fossil and nuclear power plants are compared as power sources, pollutants, and their environmental effects. First, investigations are made on fossil power plants and their effects on environment and climate changes. On the other hand, nuclear power plants are discussed as a possible replacement for fossil power plants. In this part, effects of radiation on human health and environment like important nuclear accidents are investigated. This paper summarizes several types of power plants and it is deduced that the nuclear power plant is more clean energy producer in comparison to other power plants.

The green fuel from carbon waste： optimization and product selectivity model studies

Increase in greenhouse gases, has made scientists to substitute alternative fuels for fossil fuels. Nowadays, converting biomass into liquid by Fischer-Tropsch synthesis is a major concern for alternative fuels （gasoline, diesel etc.）. Selectivity of Fischer-Tropsch hydrocarbon product （green fuel） is an important issue. In this study, the experimental data has been obtained from three factors; temperature, H2/CO ratio and pressure in the fixed bed micro reactor. T = 543-618 （K）, P = 3-10 （bar）, H2/CO = 1-2 and space velocity = 4500 （l/h） were the reactor conditions. The results of product modeling for methane （CH4）, ethane （C2H6）, ethylene （C2H4） and CO conversion with experimental data were compared. The effective parameters and the interaction between them were investigated in the model. H2/CO ratio and pressure and interaction between pressure and H2/CO in ethane selectivity model and CO conversion and interaction between temperature and H2/CO ratio in methane selectivity model and ethylene gave the best results. To determine the optimal conditions for light hydrocarbons, ANOVA and RSM were employed. Finally, products optimization was done and results were concluded.

Modelling the Hydrogen Inhibition Effect on Ammonia Decomposition

Recently ammonia has been investigated as a fuel for SOFCs （solid oxide fuel cells）. Ammonia is widely produced and transported globally, and stores hydrogen in its bonds making it an excellent fuel for fuel cells. The high temperature of SOFCs allows for internal decomposition of ammonia. Previous models of ammonia-fed SOFCs treat ammonia decomposition as having first order dependence on ammonia partial pressure, and ignore the effect of hydrogen inhibition. However, research has shown that at low temperatures （≤ 600 ℃） and low ammonia partial pressures, the rate of ammonia decomposition is inhibited by the presence of hydrogen. This hydrogen inhibition effect was studied and implemented in a model of an ammonia decomposition reactor. Results showed that it may significantly decrease the rate of hydrogen generation. This work sets the foundation for more accurate modelling of intermediate temperature ammonia-fed SOFCs.

Process Flow Model of Combined High Temperature Fuel Cell Operated with Mixture of Methane and Hydrogen

One of the main challenges of biogas and syngas use as fuel in hybrid solid oxide fuel cell （SOFC） cycles is the variable nature of their composition, which may cause significant changes in plant performance. On the other hand, hydrogen is one of the main components in some types of gasified biomass and syngas. Therefore, it is vital to investigate the influences of hydrogen fraction in inlet fuel on the cycle performance. In this work, a steady-state simulation of a hybrid tubular SOFC-gas turbine （GT） cycle is first presented with two configurations： system with and without anode exhaust recirculation. Then, the results of the model when fueled by syngas, biofuel, and gasified biomass are analyzed, and significant dependency of system operational parameters on the inlet fuel composition are investigated. The analysis of impacts of hydrogen concentration in the inlet fuel on the performance of a hybrid tubular SOFC and gas turbine cycle was carried out. The simulation results were considered when the system was fueled by pure methane as a reference case. Then, the performance of the hybrid SOFC-GT system when methane was partially replaced by H2 from a concentration of 0% to 95% with an increment of 5% at each step was investigated. The system performance was monitored by investigating parameters like temperature and flow rate of streams in different locations of the cycle; SOFC and system thermal efficiency; SOFC, GT, and cycle net and specific work; air to fuel ratio; as well as air and fuel mass flow rate. The results of the sensitivity analysis demonstrate that hydrogen concentration has significant effects on the system operational parameters, such as efficiency and specific work.

Tailored Sr-Co-free perovskite oxide as an air electrode for high-performance reversible solid oxide cells

Sr-Co containing perovskite oxides are prospective air electrode candidates for reversible solid oxide cells(RSOCs).However,their efficiencies are limited by Sr segregation and the high thermal expansion coefficient(TEC)of Cobased perovskites.Herein,La_(0.6)Ca_(0.4)Fe_(0.8)Ni_(0.2)O_(3-δ)(LCa FN)is tailored as an Sr-Co-free perovskite air electrode for highperformance RSOCs.Compared with La_(0.6)Sr_(0.4)Fe_(0.8)Ni_(0.2)O_(3-δ)(LSFN)and La_(0.6)Sr_(0.4)Co_(0.2)Fe_(0.8)O_(3-δ)(LSCo F),LCa FN has a high electrical conductivity (297 S cm^(-1)),TEC compatibility(11.2×10^(-6)K^(-1)) and improved chemical stability.Moreover,LCa FN has high oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)activity with a low polarization resistance(0.06Ωcm^(2)) at 800℃.A single-cell NiYSZ/YSZ/gadolinium-doped ceria(GDC)/LCa FN-GDC operated at 800℃ yields a maximum power density of 1.08 W cm^(-2) using H_(2) as fuel.In the solid oxide electrolysis cell(SOEC)mode,the cell can achieve a current density of approximately 1.2 A cm^(-2) at 1.3 V with 70% humidity at 800℃.The cell exhibits good reversibility and remains stable in continuous SOEC and solid oxide fuel cell(SOFC)modes.These findings indicate the potential application of LCa FN as an air electrode material for RSOCs.