The northeastern China is an important commodity grain region in China,as well as a notable corn belt and major soybean producing area.It thus plays a significant role in the national food security system.However,larg...The northeastern China is an important commodity grain region in China,as well as a notable corn belt and major soybean producing area.It thus plays a significant role in the national food security system.However,large-scale land reclamation and non-optimum farming practices give rise to soil degradation in the region.This study analyzed the food security issues coupled with global climate change in the northeastern China during 1980–2000,which is the period of modern agriculture.The results of statistical data show that the arable land area shrank markedly in 1992,and then increased slowly,while food production generally continually increased.The stable grain yield was due to the increase of applied fertilizer and irrigated areas.Soil degradation in the northeastern China includes severe soil erosion,reduced soil nutrients,a thinner black soil layer,and deterioration of soil physical properties.The sustainable development of the northeastern China is influenced by natural-artificial binary disturbance factors which consist of meteorological conditions,climate changes,and terrain factors as well as soil physical and chemical properties.Interactions between the increasing temperature and decreasing precipitation in the region led to reduced accumulation of soil organic matter,which results in poor soil fertility.Human-induced factors,such as large-scale land reclamation and non-optimum farming practices,unsuitable cultivation systems,dredging,road building,illegal land occupation,and extensive use of fertilizers and pesticides,have led to increasingly severe soil erosion and destruction.Solutions to several problems of soil degradation in this region requiring urgent settlement are proposed.A need for clear and systematic recognition and recording of land use changes,land degradation,food production and climate change conditions is suggested,which would provide a reference for food security studies in the northeastern China.展开更多
Rupa Lake is small advancing eutrophic lake covering about 115 ha of the Lekhnath Municipality in Kaski district of western Nepal. The environment around the lake has been improved over a period of 10 years. Conservat...Rupa Lake is small advancing eutrophic lake covering about 115 ha of the Lekhnath Municipality in Kaski district of western Nepal. The environment around the lake has been improved over a period of 10 years. Conservation practices were initiated by communities including the Rupa Lake Restoration and Fishery Cooperative （RLRFC）. As a result, an abundance of non-timber Forest Products （NTFP） has increased considerably. At present, 49 NTFP are available in the lake basin. Some households （HH） i.e 10% has additional income from NTFP. It is an indirect source of food security for local people. They sell NTFP products to generate income. A few households have already started farming of NTFPs. Availability of fodder and fuel wood from community forest has significantly contributed to the livelihoods of people where as wild edible fruits and vegetables have become supplementary for food security. There is yearly food security for 57% of HH with 22% having surplus food. 5% of HH has food security for less than three months where as 19% HHs have food security for more than six months. However, livelihood and nutritional security have improved by fish farming in lake. This lake is most important for the local environment and also helps eco-tourism. The study found that 92% observed the climate change in the form of a rise in temperature （〉 70% HHs）; unpredictable rainfall （〉 75% HHs）; shifting rainfall （〉 60% HHs）; phonological changes （〉 50%）. It showed that the lake supports the restoration of natural water capacity, maintain local climate and sound environment by better natural resource management for an environment friendly ecosystem.展开更多
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41171335)Hydroinformatics for Ecohydrology Program of United Nations Educational+2 种基金Scientific and Cultural Organization(UNESCO)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.20110490447)Beijing Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2012-49)
文摘The northeastern China is an important commodity grain region in China,as well as a notable corn belt and major soybean producing area.It thus plays a significant role in the national food security system.However,large-scale land reclamation and non-optimum farming practices give rise to soil degradation in the region.This study analyzed the food security issues coupled with global climate change in the northeastern China during 1980–2000,which is the period of modern agriculture.The results of statistical data show that the arable land area shrank markedly in 1992,and then increased slowly,while food production generally continually increased.The stable grain yield was due to the increase of applied fertilizer and irrigated areas.Soil degradation in the northeastern China includes severe soil erosion,reduced soil nutrients,a thinner black soil layer,and deterioration of soil physical properties.The sustainable development of the northeastern China is influenced by natural-artificial binary disturbance factors which consist of meteorological conditions,climate changes,and terrain factors as well as soil physical and chemical properties.Interactions between the increasing temperature and decreasing precipitation in the region led to reduced accumulation of soil organic matter,which results in poor soil fertility.Human-induced factors,such as large-scale land reclamation and non-optimum farming practices,unsuitable cultivation systems,dredging,road building,illegal land occupation,and extensive use of fertilizers and pesticides,have led to increasingly severe soil erosion and destruction.Solutions to several problems of soil degradation in this region requiring urgent settlement are proposed.A need for clear and systematic recognition and recording of land use changes,land degradation,food production and climate change conditions is suggested,which would provide a reference for food security studies in the northeastern China.
文摘Rupa Lake is small advancing eutrophic lake covering about 115 ha of the Lekhnath Municipality in Kaski district of western Nepal. The environment around the lake has been improved over a period of 10 years. Conservation practices were initiated by communities including the Rupa Lake Restoration and Fishery Cooperative （RLRFC）. As a result, an abundance of non-timber Forest Products （NTFP） has increased considerably. At present, 49 NTFP are available in the lake basin. Some households （HH） i.e 10% has additional income from NTFP. It is an indirect source of food security for local people. They sell NTFP products to generate income. A few households have already started farming of NTFPs. Availability of fodder and fuel wood from community forest has significantly contributed to the livelihoods of people where as wild edible fruits and vegetables have become supplementary for food security. There is yearly food security for 57% of HH with 22% having surplus food. 5% of HH has food security for less than three months where as 19% HHs have food security for more than six months. However, livelihood and nutritional security have improved by fish farming in lake. This lake is most important for the local environment and also helps eco-tourism. The study found that 92% observed the climate change in the form of a rise in temperature （〉 70% HHs）; unpredictable rainfall （〉 75% HHs）; shifting rainfall （〉 60% HHs）; phonological changes （〉 50%）. It showed that the lake supports the restoration of natural water capacity, maintain local climate and sound environment by better natural resource management for an environment friendly ecosystem.
