After the first concrete was poured on December 9, 2012 at the Shidao Bay site in Rongcheng, Shandong Province, China, the construction of the reactor building for the world＇s first high-temperature gas- cooled react...After the first concrete was poured on December 9, 2012 at the Shidao Bay site in Rongcheng, Shandong Province, China, the construction of the reactor building for the world＇s first high-temperature gas- cooled reactor pebble-bed module （HTR-PM） demonstration power plant was completed in June, 2015. Installation of the main equipment then began, and the power plant is currently progressing well to- ward connecting to the grid at the end of 2017. The thermal power of a single HTR-PM reactor module is 250 MW,h, the helium temperatures at the reactor core inlet/outlet are 250/750 ℃, and a steam of 13.25 MPa/567 ~C is produced at the steam generator outlet. Two HTR-PM reactor modules are connect- ed to a steam turbine to form a 210 MW nuclear power plant. Due to China＇s industrial capability, we were able to overcome great difficulties, manufacture first-of-a-kind equipment, and realize series ma- jor technological innovations. We have achieved successful results in many aspects, including planning and implementing R＆D, establishing an industrial partnership, manufacturing equipment, fuel produc- tion, licensing, site preparation, and balancing safety and economics; these obtained experiences may also be referenced by the global nuclear community.展开更多
In 2005, the US passed the Energy Policy Act of 2005 mandating the construction and operation of a high-temperature gas reactor （HTGR） by 2021. This law was passed after a multiyear study by national experts on what...In 2005, the US passed the Energy Policy Act of 2005 mandating the construction and operation of a high-temperature gas reactor （HTGR） by 2021. This law was passed after a multiyear study by national experts on what future nuclear technologies should be developed. As a result of the Act, the US Congress chose to develop the so-called Next-Generation Nuclear Plant, which was to be an HTGR designed to produce process heat for hydrogen production. Despite high hopes and expectations, the current status is that high temperature reactors have been relegated to completing research programs on advanced fuels, graphite and materials with no plans to build a demonstration plant as required by the US Con- gress in 2005. There are many reasons behind this diminution of HTGR development, including but not limited to insufficient government funding requirements for research, unrealistically high temperature requirements for the reactor, the delay in the need for a ＂hydrogen＂ economy, competition from light water small modular light water reactors, little utility interest in new technologies, very low natural gas prices in the US, and a challenging licensing process in the US for non-water reactors.展开更多
Heat transfer coefficients in nucleate pool boiling were measured on a horizontal copper surface for refrigerants, HFC-134a, HFC-32, and HFC-125, their binary and ternary mixtures under saturated conditions at 0.9MPa....Heat transfer coefficients in nucleate pool boiling were measured on a horizontal copper surface for refrigerants, HFC-134a, HFC-32, and HFC-125, their binary and ternary mixtures under saturated conditions at 0.9MPa. Compared to pure components, both binary and ternary mixtures showed lower heat transfer coefficients.This deterioration was more pronounced as heat flux was increased. Experimental data were compared with some empirical and semi-empirical correlations available in literature. For binary mixture, the accuracy of the correlations varied considerably with mixtures and the heat flux. Experimental data for HFC-32/134a/125 were also compared with available correlated equation obtained by Thome. For ternary mixture, the boiling range of binary mixture composed by the pure fluids with the lowest and the medium boiling points, and their concentration difference had important effects on boiling heat transfer coefficients.展开更多
The back-propagation （BP） neural network is created to predict the performance of a direct evaporative cooling （DEC） air conditioner with GLASdek pads. The experiment data about the performance of the DEC air cond...The back-propagation （BP） neural network is created to predict the performance of a direct evaporative cooling （DEC） air conditioner with GLASdek pads. The experiment data about the performance of the DEC air conditioner are obtained. Some experiment data are used to train the network until these data can approximate a function, then, simulate the network with the remanent data. The predicted result shows satisfying effects.展开更多
The feasibility of using liquid nitrogen cold trap （LNCT） for the removal of water vapour and alkaline mist from the hydrogen gas stream which is generated from the catalytic and acidic decomposition of sodium boroh...The feasibility of using liquid nitrogen cold trap （LNCT） for the removal of water vapour and alkaline mist from the hydrogen gas stream which is generated from the catalytic and acidic decomposition of sodium borohydride is investigated. Practically, the target application is mobile fuel cells based on hydrogen production from storage in chemical hydrides. The LNCT would be used as a one step purification method with less cost and space requirements instead of applying the conventional purification techniques. Two catalysts were investigated for the production of hydrogen from the aqueous solution of NaBH4 in a small scale packed bed reaction column. The hydrogen generated from the catalytic decomposition of NaBH4 was accompanied by limited quantity of water vapour and alkaline mist. Nonetheless, higher quantities were generated when applying the acidic decomposition of NaBH4 and consequently the utilization of LNCT for H2 purification has proved useful and lead to a reduction in the content of these impurities; thereby the concentration of hydrogen in the outlet stream has increased.展开更多
The engineering analysis techniques used for the GTE （gas turbine engines） design are presented, the physical effects, which impact is not currently taken into account are described, further research directions to s...The engineering analysis techniques used for the GTE （gas turbine engines） design are presented, the physical effects, which impact is not currently taken into account are described, further research directions to strengthen core design competencies are identified, the requirements for computing power are formulated. Internal cooling techniques for gas turbine blades have been studied for several decades. The internal cooling techniques of the gas turbine blade includes： jet impingement, rib turbulated cooling, and pin-fin cooling which have been developed to maintain the metal temperature of turbine vane and blades within acceptable limits in this harsh environment.展开更多
文摘After the first concrete was poured on December 9, 2012 at the Shidao Bay site in Rongcheng, Shandong Province, China, the construction of the reactor building for the world＇s first high-temperature gas- cooled reactor pebble-bed module （HTR-PM） demonstration power plant was completed in June, 2015. Installation of the main equipment then began, and the power plant is currently progressing well to- ward connecting to the grid at the end of 2017. The thermal power of a single HTR-PM reactor module is 250 MW,h, the helium temperatures at the reactor core inlet/outlet are 250/750 ℃, and a steam of 13.25 MPa/567 ~C is produced at the steam generator outlet. Two HTR-PM reactor modules are connect- ed to a steam turbine to form a 210 MW nuclear power plant. Due to China＇s industrial capability, we were able to overcome great difficulties, manufacture first-of-a-kind equipment, and realize series ma- jor technological innovations. We have achieved successful results in many aspects, including planning and implementing R＆D, establishing an industrial partnership, manufacturing equipment, fuel produc- tion, licensing, site preparation, and balancing safety and economics; these obtained experiences may also be referenced by the global nuclear community.
文摘In 2005, the US passed the Energy Policy Act of 2005 mandating the construction and operation of a high-temperature gas reactor （HTGR） by 2021. This law was passed after a multiyear study by national experts on what future nuclear technologies should be developed. As a result of the Act, the US Congress chose to develop the so-called Next-Generation Nuclear Plant, which was to be an HTGR designed to produce process heat for hydrogen production. Despite high hopes and expectations, the current status is that high temperature reactors have been relegated to completing research programs on advanced fuels, graphite and materials with no plans to build a demonstration plant as required by the US Con- gress in 2005. There are many reasons behind this diminution of HTGR development, including but not limited to insufficient government funding requirements for research, unrealistically high temperature requirements for the reactor, the delay in the need for a ＂hydrogen＂ economy, competition from light water small modular light water reactors, little utility interest in new technologies, very low natural gas prices in the US, and a challenging licensing process in the US for non-water reactors.
基金Century Programme of Chinese Academy of Sciences.
文摘Heat transfer coefficients in nucleate pool boiling were measured on a horizontal copper surface for refrigerants, HFC-134a, HFC-32, and HFC-125, their binary and ternary mixtures under saturated conditions at 0.9MPa. Compared to pure components, both binary and ternary mixtures showed lower heat transfer coefficients.This deterioration was more pronounced as heat flux was increased. Experimental data were compared with some empirical and semi-empirical correlations available in literature. For binary mixture, the accuracy of the correlations varied considerably with mixtures and the heat flux. Experimental data for HFC-32/134a/125 were also compared with available correlated equation obtained by Thome. For ternary mixture, the boiling range of binary mixture composed by the pure fluids with the lowest and the medium boiling points, and their concentration difference had important effects on boiling heat transfer coefficients.
文摘The back-propagation （BP） neural network is created to predict the performance of a direct evaporative cooling （DEC） air conditioner with GLASdek pads. The experiment data about the performance of the DEC air conditioner are obtained. Some experiment data are used to train the network until these data can approximate a function, then, simulate the network with the remanent data. The predicted result shows satisfying effects.
文摘The feasibility of using liquid nitrogen cold trap （LNCT） for the removal of water vapour and alkaline mist from the hydrogen gas stream which is generated from the catalytic and acidic decomposition of sodium borohydride is investigated. Practically, the target application is mobile fuel cells based on hydrogen production from storage in chemical hydrides. The LNCT would be used as a one step purification method with less cost and space requirements instead of applying the conventional purification techniques. Two catalysts were investigated for the production of hydrogen from the aqueous solution of NaBH4 in a small scale packed bed reaction column. The hydrogen generated from the catalytic decomposition of NaBH4 was accompanied by limited quantity of water vapour and alkaline mist. Nonetheless, higher quantities were generated when applying the acidic decomposition of NaBH4 and consequently the utilization of LNCT for H2 purification has proved useful and lead to a reduction in the content of these impurities; thereby the concentration of hydrogen in the outlet stream has increased.
文摘The engineering analysis techniques used for the GTE （gas turbine engines） design are presented, the physical effects, which impact is not currently taken into account are described, further research directions to strengthen core design competencies are identified, the requirements for computing power are formulated. Internal cooling techniques for gas turbine blades have been studied for several decades. The internal cooling techniques of the gas turbine blade includes： jet impingement, rib turbulated cooling, and pin-fin cooling which have been developed to maintain the metal temperature of turbine vane and blades within acceptable limits in this harsh environment.
