锂离子电池不同冷却方式及浸没式冷却液综合对比分析

随着锂离子电池储能电站的发展,高效且安全的电池热管理系统逐渐受到重视,防范电池热失控成为关键。首先对比介绍目前的电池热管理方式,并从温度控制、防火安全、系统成本等方面归纳不同技术的优势与劣势,指出浸没式液冷是目前锂离子储能电站较为理想的热管理技术。然后基于锂离子电池储能电站的应用需求,提出理想浸没式冷却液的主要技术指标,并总结目前常用的5类冷却液:氟化液、碳氢化合物类、硅油类、酯类和水基类,分述其各自代表性产品的主要性能参数和特点。最后从绝缘性、防火安全性、散热性、流动性和环境友好性这5个指标对5类冷却液体进行定量评价,对浸没式液冷技术和浸没冷却液未来的研究方向进行探讨。

以带盖塑料瓶制作固液不加热制气型实验教具的研究

以四个固液不加热制气型实验为例，研究如何将带盖塑料瓶制作成简易、便捷、环保的实验教具，并关注到了制作过程中的一些细节。

多功能固液制取气体及性质检验绿色装置

我们这次所研究的是化学实验创新，主要内容就是围绕我们所学过的实验和一些操作复杂的实验进行大胆创新。我们的创新实验使实验现象更明显、更快捷、更环保。是化学新理念--绿色化学，贯彻可持续发展观，对此，查阅高中所有的实验特性及各种性质实验的特点，归纳整理设计出了一套新的化学实验装置，它可以归纳高中简单固液反应制取气体及液液反应制取气体的性质实验。针对多种类型的固液生成气体的化学反应。我们以理论为基础，以实验为标准的态度，进行一系列的实验探究。改进的方法：应为教材出现的气体性质大多都有刺激气味，对环境都有污染，本着绿色化学的原则，以及实验现象明显，操作简单，涵盖多种气体反应性质实验，针对高中化学实验对化学实验装置做归纳研究及改进创新实验装置。

基于模型认知与证据推理素养的“固液制气”教学设计——以“实验室制备氯气”建模教学为例

以纯净CO_(2)气体制备实验方案设计的知识为桥梁,通过问题引导学生完成实验方案的设计,实现知识的迁移和思维的转化,归纳出纯净气体制备实验方案设计的一般思路和方法,完成实验室制氯气模型的建构,帮助学生实现实验室制气思路从浅显的了解到高层次深度掌握的过渡,提升学生深度思考和解决问题的能力,发展学生证据推理与模型认知学科核心素养。

Conversion of Bio-syngas to Liquid Hydrocarbon over CuCoMn-Zeolite Bifunctional Catalysts

A series of bifunctional catalysts composed of a component for higher alcohol synthesis （Cu-CoMn oxides, CCM） and an acidic zeolite （SAPO-34, ZSM-5, Y, MCM-41） were prepared for production of liquid hydrocarbon directly from a bio-syngas through a one-stage pro-cess. The effects of zeolite type, zeolite content, Si/Al ratio and preparation method on catalyst texture and its reaction performance were investigated. Higher selectivities and yields of liquid products were obtained by using bifunctional catalysts. The yields of liquid hydrocarbons decreased in the order CCM-ZSM-5〉CCM-SAPO-34〉CCM-Y〉CCM-MCM-41. CCM-ZSM-5 （20wt%, Si/Al=100） prepared by coprecipitation method displayed the optimal catalytic performance with the highest CO conversion （76%） and yield of liquid products （30%）. The catalysts were characterized by N2 adsorption/desorption, NH3-TPD, XRD, and H2-TPR analysis. The results showed that higher speci c surface areas and pore volumes of bifunctional catalysts were achieved by adding zeolites into CuCoMn precursors. Medium pore dimension and moderate acidity in CCM-ZSM-5 were observed, which proba-bly resulted in its excellent reaction performance. Additionally, a higher number of weaker acid sites （weak and/or medium acid sites） were formed by increasing ZSM-5 content in CCM-ZSM-5 or decreasing Si/Al ratio in ZSM-5. It was also seen that metal dispersion was higher and reducibility of metal ions was easier on the CCM-ZSM-5 catalyst prepared by coprecipitation. The higher alcohols-to-hydrocarbon process provides a promising route to hydrocarbon fuels via higher alcohols from syngas or biobased feedstocks.

A Preliminary Study on Hydrate Anti-agglomerant Applied in Multiphase Flow Pipeline

When new types of hydrate chemical inhibitor （such as hydrate anti-agglomerant） are used in offshore fields, some difficulties will be encountered in the pipe transportation processing design. In view of these difficulties, a horizontal flow experiment pipe loop of transparent polypropylene pipe （25.4 mm inner diameter, 20 m long） was constructed, and some experiments were conducted. The working fluids were the mixed paraffin hydrocarbons, water and condensate oil mixtures obtained from offshore oil field. Analyzing the experimental results and adopting relevant theories of liquid-solid two-phase flow, the computational method of hydrate slurry transportation in pipe was developed. For the operating conditions of a certain multiphase pipeline, by using OLGA software, this method can be used to calculate pressure drop of the multiphase flow pipelines using anti-agglomerant, which can provide support for hydrate anti-agglomerant application.

Design of a Special PLC for Garbage Truck

A special PLC is designed for the control system of garbage truck,based on the feature and applications of vehicular electrical device.The purpose is developing a kind of mature products to control the hydraulic system.The general design plans are described,in detail,and the design points are analyzed and summarized.

Role and Mechanism of Functional Components in Promoters for Enhancing FCC Propylene Yield

Phosphorus （P） and metal （M） components were incorporated into promoters for enhancing FCC propylene yield, and the reactive behavior of promoters, before and after modification, were investigated. The results showed that both LPG and propylene yields were increased, and propylene selectivity was improved after the incorporation of P or M into the matrix, resulting in an increased C3 to C4 ratio in LPG during FCC process. But the sole incorporation of M into the matrix also led to an increase in coke and H2 yields on the other hand. Simultaneous modification of the matrix by P and M components resulted in more enhancement in propylene yield and selectivity along with little influence on FCC product distribution. Physico-chemical characterizations and model compound reactions were used to assist in analyzing the mechanism for improving propylene selectivity. Two types of active centers could strengthen the oligomerization of C4 olefins in LPG and these oligomers could be further cracked into C3 olefins on ZSM-5 zeolite, therefore maximizing the ratio of C3 to C4 in liquefied petroleum gas obtained during FCC process.

Thermodynamic design of a cascade refrigeration system of liquefied natural gas by applying mixed integer non-linear programming

Liquefied natural gas(LNG) is the most economical way of transporting natural gas(NG) over long distances. Liquefaction of NG using vapor compression refrigeration system requires high operating and capital cost. Due to lack of systematic design methods for multistage refrigeration cycles, conventional approaches to determine optimal cycle are largely trial-and-error. In this paper a novel mixed integer non-linear programming(MINLP)model is introduced to select optimal synthesis of refrigeration systems to reduce both operating and capital costs of an LNG plant. Better conceptual understanding of design improvement is illustrated on composite curve(CC) and exergetic grand composite curve(EGCC) of pinch analysis diagrams. In this method a superstructure representation of complex refrigeration system is developed to select and optimize key decision variables in refrigeration cycles(i.e. partition temperature, compression configuration, refrigeration features, refrigerant flow rate and economic trade-off). Based on this method a program(LNG-Pro) is developed which integrates VBA,Refprop and Excel MINLP Solver to automate the methodology. Design procedure is applied on a sample LNG plant to illustrate advantages of using this method which shows a 3.3% reduction in total shaft work consumption.

Mechanisms of Qi-blood circulation and Qi deficiency syndrome in view of blood and interstitial fluid circulation

OBJECTIVE: Based on comparison between fundamental theories of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and Western Medicine (WM) and modern scientific research on meridians, we find that "Qi" in TCM is closely related to tissue fluid. In this study, the essence of Qi is explored in the view of circulation of blood and interstitial fluid. METHODS: Because the concept of Qi is complicated, Qi deficiency syndrome (QDS) is chosen to probe the relationship between of Qi deficiency and Qi-blood circulation (QBC). We analyze Qi-blood theory in terms of WM, set up a hemodynamic model to describe QBC, and review clinical research on QDS in the view of blood-interstitial fluid circulation. RESULTS: QDS is caused by imbalances of substance exchanges between blood and interstitial fluid, leading to an increase in the interstitial liquid volume or a decrease in nutrients and retention ofmetabolic wastes in interstitial fluid. CONCLUSION: This study describes the essence of Qi, providing support for further research on theories of Qiand Qi-blood circulation inTCM.

Mixing Characteristics of Pulsed Air-assist Liquid Jet into an Internal Subsonic Cross-flow

Penetration depth,spray dispersion angle,droplet sizes in breakup processes and atomization processes are very important parameters in combustor of air-breathing engine.These processes will enhance air/fuel mixing inside the combustor.Experimental results from the pulsed air-assist liquid jet injected into a cross-flow are investigated.And experiments were conducted to a range of cross-flow velocities from 42～136 m/s.Air is injected with 0～300kPa,with air-assist pulsation frequency of 0～20Hz.Pulsation frequency was modulated by solenoid valve.Phase Doppler Particle Analyzer(PDPA) was utilized to quantitatively measuring droplet characteristics.High-speed CCD camera was used to obtain injected spray structure.Pulsed air-assist liquid jet will offer rapid mixing and good liquid jet penetration.Air-assist makes a very fine droplet which generated mist-like spray.Pulsed air-assist liquid jet will introduce additional supplementary turbulent mixing and control of penetration depth into a cross-flow field.The results show that pulsation frequency has an effect on penetration,transverse velocities and droplet sizes.The experimental data generated in these studies are used for a development of active control strategies to optimize the liquid jet penetration in subsonic cross-flow conditions and predict combustion low frequency instability.

Liquid phase 3D printing for quickly manufacturing conductive metal objects with low melting point alloy ink

Conventional 3D metal printings are generally time-consuming as well as lacking of high performance printable inks.From an alternative way,here we proposed the method of liquid phase 3D printing for quickly making conductive metal objects.Through introducing metal alloys whose melting point is slightly above room temperature as printing inks,several representative structures spanning from one,two and three dimension to more complex patterns were demonstrated to be quickly fabricated.Compared with the air-cooling in a conventional 3D printing,the liquid-phase-manufacturing offers a much higher cooling rate and thus significantly improves the speed in fabricating the target metal objects.This unique strategy also efficiently prevents the liquid metal inks from air oxidation,which is hard to avoid otherwise in an ordinary 3D printing.The key physical factors(such as properties of the cooling fluid,air pressure within the syringe barrel and needle diameter,types and properties of the printing ink)and several interesting intermediate fluids interaction phenomena between liquid metal and conventional cooling fluids such as water or ethanol,which evidently affecting the printing quality,were disclosed.In addition,a basic route to make future liquid phase 3D printer incorporated with both syringe pump and needle arrays was also suggested.The liquid phase 3D printing,which owns potential values not available in a conventional method,opens an efficient way for quickly making conductive metal objects in the coming time.

Urine metabonomic study for blood-replenishing mechanism of Angelica sinensis in a blood-deficient mouse model

This study aimed at determining the effects of Angelica sinensis(AS) on urinary metabolites in blood deficiency mice and exploring its replenishing blood mechanism. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry(GC-MS) was applied to detect metabolites in the urine samples in different collection periods. Principal component analysis(PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis(OPLS-DA) were used to investigate the differences in metabolic profiles among control group(CG), blood deficiency model group(MG), AS groups, and Colla Corii Asini group(CCAG). The potential biomarkers were identified based on the variable importance in the projection(VIP), T-test, and National Institute of Standards and Technology(NIST) and mass spectra library. The metabolites were analyzed using metabolomics pathway analysis(Met PA) to build the metabolic pathways. Our results indicated that, on the seventh day, the levels of glucose, lactic acid, pyruvic acid, alanine, acetoacetic acid, and citric acid changed significantly in blood deficiency mice. However, these metabolic deviations came to closer to normal levels after AS intervention. The reversing blood-deficiency mechanism of AS might involve regulating synthesis and degradation of ketone bodies, Pyruvate metabolism, TCA cycle, and Glycolysis / Gluconeogenesis. In conclusion, metabonomics is a robust and promising means for the identification of biomarkers and elucidation of the mechanisms of a disease, thereby highlighting its importance in drug discovery.

Evaporation of a Thin Binary Liquid Film by Forced Convection into Air and Superheated Steam

This paper deals with a numerical analysis of the evaporation of a thin binary liquid film by forced convection inside a channel constituted by two plates.The first plate is externally insulated and wetted by a thin water ethylene glycol film while the second is dry and isothermal.The first part is concerned with the effects of inlet ambiance conditions and the liquid concentration of ethylene glycol on the distribution of the velocity,temperature,concentrations profiles and the axial variation of the evaporation rate.The second part is focused on the inversion temperature point of the evaporation of binary liquid film.Results show that the inversion temperature phenomenon for the evaporation of binary liquid mixture is observed for high liquid concentration of ethylene glycol.The present results show that in the inlet temperature range considered here,the inversion temperature does not exit for the evaporation of pure ethylene glycol.