全新迈凯轮的气动力件

采用双龙骨底盘设计的MP4-18A达到了一个新的境地。

Modeling of Soot Formation in Gas Burner Using Reduced Chemical Kinetics Coupled with CFD Code

A computational study of soot formation in ethylene/air coflow jet diffusion flame at atmospheric pres-sure was conducted using a reduced mechanism and soot formation model. A 20-step mechanism was derived from the full mechanism using sensitivity analysis,reaction path analysis and quasi steady state(QSS) approximation. The model in premixed flame was validated and with computing savings in diffusion flame was applied by incor-porating into a CFD code. Simulations were performed to explore the effect of coflow air on flame structure and soot formation. Thermal radiation was calculated by a discrete-ordinates method,and soot formation was predicted by a simple two-equation soot model. Model results are in good agreement with those from experiment data and detailed mechanism at atmospheric conditions. The soot nucleation,growth,and oxidation by OH are all enhanced by decrease in coflow air velocity. The peak soot volume fraction region appears in the lower annular region be-tween the peak flame temperature and peak acetylene concentration locations,and the high soot oxidation rate due to the OH attack occurs in the middle annular region because of high temperature.

Physical simulation of hydrodynamic conditions in high rank coalbed methane reservoir formation

In order to select highly productive and enriched areas of high rank coalbed methane reservoirs, based on hydrologic geology as one of the main factors controlling coalbed methane （CBM） reservoir formations, the effect of hydrodynamic forces controlling CBM reservoir formations was studied by a physical simulation experiment in which we used CBM reservoir simulation facilities. The hydrodynamic conditions of high coal rank reservoirs in the Qinshui basin were analyzed. Our experiment shows the following results： under strong hydrodynamic alternating action, 6C~ of coalbed methane reservoir changed from the start at -2.95% ~ -3.66%, and the lightening process occurred in phases; the CI-I4 volume reduced from 96.35% to 12.42%; the CO2 vo- lume decreased from 0.75% in sample 1 to 0.68% in sample 2, then rose to 1.13% in sample 3; the N2 volume changed from 2.9% in sample 1 to 86.45% in sample 3. On one hand, these changes show the complexity of CBM reservoir formation; on the other hand, they indicate that strong hydrodynamic actions have an unfavorable impact on CBM reservoir formation. It was found that the gas volume and hydrodynamic intensity were negatively correlated and low hydrodynamic flow conditions might result in highly productive and enriched areas of high rank CBM.

Numerical simulation study of gob air leakage field and gas migration regularity in downlink ventilation

Aiming at the issue that mass of gas emission from mining gob and the gas exceeded in working face, gob air leakage field and gas migration regularity in downlink ventilation was studied. In consideration of the influence of natural wind pressure to analyze the stope face differential pressure, gob air leakage field distribution and gas migration regularity theoretically. Established a two-dimensional physical model with one source and one doab, and applied computational fluid dynamics analysis software Fluent to do numerical simulation, analyzed and contrasted to the areas of gob air leakage on size and gas emission from gob to working face on strength when using the downlink ventilation and uplink ventilation. When applied downward ventilation in stope face, the air leakage field of gob nearly working face, and the air leakage intensity were smaller than uplink, this can effectively reduce the gas emission from gob to working face; when used downlink ventilation, the air leakage airflow carry the lower amount of gas to doab than uplink ventilation, and more easily to mix the gas, reduced the possibility of gas accumulation in upper comer and the stratified flows, it can provide protection to mine with safe and effective production.

A Review of the Nonlinear Dynamics of Intraseasonal Oscillations

In recent years,significant progress has been made regarding theories of intraseasonal oscillations (ISOs) (also known as the Madden-Julian oscillation (MJO) in the tropics).This short review introduces the latest advances in ISO theories with an emphasis particularly on theoretical paradigms involving nonlinear dynamics in the following aspects:(1) the basic ideas and limitations of the previous and current theories and hypotheses regarding the MJO,(2) the new multi-scale theory of the MJO based on the intraseasonal planetary equatorial synoptic dynamics (IPESD) framework,and (3) nonlinear dynamics of ISOs in the extratropics based on the resonant triads of Rossby-Haurwitz waves.

Automatic detection of oceanic mesoscale eddies in the South China Sea

This study focuses on the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of mesoscale eddies in the South China Sea(SCS). An automatic eddy detection method,based on the geometry of velocity vectors,was adopted to obtain an eddy dataset from 21 years of satellite altimeter data. Analysis revealed that the number of anticyclonic eddies was nearly equal to cyclonic eddies; in the SCS,cyclonic eddies are generally stronger than anticyclonic eddies and anticyclonic eddies are larger and longer-lived than cyclonic eddies. Anticyclonic eddies tend to survive longer in the spring and summer,while cyclonic eddies have longer lifetimes in the autumn and winter. The characteristics and seasonal variations of eddies in the SCS are strongly related to variations in general ocean circulation,in the homogeneity of surface wind stress,and in the unevenness of bottom topography in the SCS. The spatial and temporal variation of mesoscale eddies in the SCS could,therefore,be an important index for understanding local hydrodynamics and regional climate change.

Non-coupled charge explosion and geo-mechanical dynamics

The non-coupled charge explosion and geo-mechanical dynamics problem in real air condition is studied in this paper. It analyzes and calculates the problem by using the real air state equations. Through researching on the non-coupled charge rock bench blasting with big clearance of air, its result indicates that the borehole wall reflection overpressure is far higher than strength of rock, but much lower than detonation front pressure of the charge. So non-coupled charge explosion blasting engineering is very successful. Furthermore, it introduces the method of shaft forming by blasting once and the new tube room technology. And the non-coupled charge explosion is used successfully in the method of shaft forming by blasting once. As it drills and blasts in the top and removes the broken rock from the bottom tunnel, it increases the construction efficiency significantly. This paper has important reference on the improvement of the large-span underground engineering construction.

Impact of Weather Conditions and Dynamic Load Models on Steady State and Dynamic Response of Power System

This paper gives an insight on the effect of transmission line temperature variations, resulting from loading and weather conditions changes, on a power system＇s steady state and dynamic performance. The impact of dynamic load models on system stability is also studied. The steady-state and dynamic stability simulation results of a 39 bus system for constant line impedance （the traditional simulation practice） are compared to the results with estimated, but realistic, temperature varied line impedances using PSLF （positive sequence load flow） software. The modulated line impedances will affect the thermal loading levels and voltage profiles of buses under steady state response, while the dynamic results will show improved damping in electro-mechanical oscillations at generator buses.

The Non-selfsimilar Riemann Problem for 2-D Zero-Pressure Flow in Gas Dynamics

The non-selfsimilar Riemann problem for two-dimensional zero-pressure flow in gas dynamics with two constant states separated by a convex curve is considered. By means of the generalized Rankine-Hugoniot relation and the generalized characteristic analysis method, the global solution involving delta shock wave and vacuum is constructed. The explicit solution for a special case is also given.

Climate change and plague history in Europe

Previous research that reported the linkage between climate change and plague activity primarily refers to the immediate effect of short-term climatic variation. Yet, decades of discussion about the climate-plague association cannot determine the precise role of climate in shaping plague dynamics. One reason for this discrepancy originates from the narrow selection of spatio-temporal settings for comprehensive analysis of the correlation, leading to a limited consideration of the complexity of possible dynamics.By analyzing a 414-year long record of plague outbreak in pre-industrial Europe and the corresponding climatic data in multi-scale,we find little evidence to support climate-plague correlation in(1) both climatic variations and large-scale climatic phenomena,(2)both country scale and continental scale,(3) annual to inter-annual scale, and(4) both linear and non-linear analytic approaches. The null-result should not be viewed as a general rejection of other recent findings related to climate-plague association; nevertheless,it suggests that a wider consideration of scales, sensitivity checks and consideration of contexts should be included in explaining and predicting plague transmission under contemporary global climate conditions.

Investigation and Verification of the Aerodynamic Performance of a Fan/Booster with Through-flow Method

Through-flow method is still widely applied in the revolution of the design of a turbomachinery, which can provide not merely the performance characteristic but also the flow field. In this study,a program based on the through-flow method was proposed, which had been verified by many other numerical examples. So as to improve the accuracy of the calculation, abundant loss and deviation models dependent on the real geometry of engine were put into use,such as: viscous losses,overflow in gaps, leakage from a flow path through seals. By means of this program, the aerodynamic performance of a certain high through-flow commercial fan/booster was investigated. On account of the radial distributions of the relevant parameters, flow deterioration in this machine was speculated. To confirm this surmise, 3-D numerical simulation was carried out with the help of the NUMECA software. Through detailed analysis, the speculation above was demonstrated, which provide sufficient evidence for the conclusion that the through-flow method is an essential and effective method for the performance prediction of the fan/booster.

Profile and Secondary Flow Losses in a High-Lift LPT Blade Cascade at Different Reynolds Numbers under Steady and Unsteady Inflow Conditions

The aerodynamic flow field downstream of a Low-Pressure High-Lift(HL)turbine cascade has been experimentally investigated for different Reynolds numbers under both steady and unsteady inflows,in order to analyse the cascade performance under real engine operating conditions.The Reynolds number has been varied in the range 100000<Re<300000,where lower and upper limits are typical of cruise and take-off/landing conditions,respectively.The effects induced by the incoming wakes at the reduced frequency f+=0.62 on both profile and secondary flow losses have been investigated.Total pressure,velocity and secondary kinetic energy distributions at the downstream tangential plane have been measured by means of a miniaturized 5-hole probe.These quantities provide information on both blade wake and secondary flow structures(passage and horse-shoe vortices).The analysis of the results allows the evaluation of the aerodynamic performance of the HL front-loaded blade in terms of both profile and secondary losses.

Impact of Stagger Angle Nonuniformity on Turbine Aerodynamic Performance

The assembling error may lead to variation in stagger angles,which would affect the aerodynamic performance of the turbine.To investigate this underlying effect,two parallel numerical experiments on two turbines with the same profile,but uniform and nonuniform vane stagger angle respectively,were conducted in both steady and unsteady methods.The results indicate that certain changes in the detailed flow field of the turbine occur when the stagger angles are nonuniform,further,the blade loading distribution of the vane and rotor become markedly different from that in uniform vane stagger angle situation.Then these consequences caused by nonuniformity mentioned above enhance the unsteadiness of the flow,finally,the aerodynamic performance changes dramatically.It also shows that,compared with steady simulation,the unsteady numerical simulation is necessary in this investigation.

Variational Formulation of 1-D Unsteady Compressible Flow in a Deforming Tube

The variational principles for 1-D unsteady compressible flow in a deforming tube derived in a previous paper are improved essentially by reconstructing the initial/final-integral terms according to a new method suggested in a recent paper. As a result, the inherent shortcoming of variational principles of being unable to admit physically rational initial/final-value conditions in initial/boundary-value problems is successfully eliminated. Thus, a new theoretical basis for the time-space finite-element analysis is provided.