高Re数下变截面正八边形结构绕流特性试验研究

为得到雷达天线罩的绕流特性以开展结构设计,采用风洞试验方法研究了2.224 2×106≤Re≤8.896 9×106范围内变截面正八边形结构表面压力系数周向分布及其随Re数、倾角和风向角的变化规律,以及Re数对结构的气动力和气动力矩系数的影响。试验结果表明:周向平均压力系数变化较大,且受风向角的影响较为明显,在一定范围内Re数和倾角仅对边界层分离区域压力分布产生作用,而升力系数与阻力系数、升阻比、侧力系数以及气动力矩系数受Re数影响较大,且与风向角的相关性较为显著。

Effect of Porosity on the Wind Loads on a Hyperbolic Paraboloid Canopy Roof

A discussion is made of the wind force coefficients for designing the main wind force resisting systems of H.P. （Hyperbolic-Paraboid）-shaped porous canopy roofs on the basis of a wind tunnel experiment. Roof models with a number of small circular holes were made of nylon resin using laser lithography. The porosity was changed from 0 （solid） to 0.4. Besides the porosity, the geometric parameters of the models were the rise to span ratio and slope of the roof. The overall aerodynamic forces and moments acting on a model were measured by a six-component force balance in a turbulent boundary layer. The results indicate that the porosity significantly reduces the wind loads. The design wind force coefficients for porous canopy roofs can be provided by those for solid roofs with the same configuration multiplied by a reduction factor. The proposed wind force coefficients are verified by a comparison of the load effect predicted by the proposed wind force coefficients with the maximum load effect obtained from dynamic analyses using the time history of wind force and moment coefficients. The axial forces induced in the columns supporting the roof are regarded as the load effect for discussing the design wind loads.

Wind Force Coefficients for Designing Porous Canopy Roofs

Wind force coefficients for designing porous canopy roofs have been investigated based on a series of wind tunnel experiments. Gable, troughed and mono-sloped roofs were tested. The roof models were made of 0.5 mm thick perforated duralumin plates, the porosity of which was changed from 0 to about 0.4. Overall aerodynamic forces and moments acting on the roof model were measured in a turbulent boundary layer with a six-component force balance for various wind directions. The results indicate that the wind loads on canopy roofs generally decrease with an increase in porosity of the roof. Assuming that the roof is rigid and supported by the four corner columns with no walls, the axial forces induced in the columns are regarded as the most important load effect for discussing the design wind loads. Two loading patterns causing the maximum tension and compression in the columns are considered. Based on a combination of the lift and moment coefficients, the design wind force coefficients on the windward and leeward halves of the roof are presented for the two loading patterns as a function of the roof pitch and porosity. The effect of porosity is taken into account as a reduction factor of the wind loads.

车辆外风挡结构对高速列车横风气动性能影响

采用三维、定常、不可压缩雷诺时均(navier-stokes,N-S)方程和重组化群(renormalization group,RNG)κ-ε双方程湍流模型,模拟3车编组高速列车气动性能。通过改变侧滑角研究不同风挡结构对列车气动性能影响。所选数值算法经过风洞试验验证,结果与试验数据变化规律一致,幅值相差不超过10%。不同风挡下列车表面压力系数沿车长分布规律一致,且幅值接近,风挡处车体表面压力系数差异显著,出现翻倍情况。随侧滑角增大,靠近风挡处列车表面压力系数分布发生明显变化。随侧滑角增大,不同风挡形式下的压力系数差异越显著,最大可达176%。随侧滑角增大,风挡的影响越显著;列车侧向力系数、升力系数和倾覆力矩系数的最大差异分别为17.71%、6.35%和7.52%;全封闭式风挡的列车抗倾覆能力相对最优,半风挡和平滑风挡对减小风环境下列车阻力有明显效果。