低活性无烟煤固定床二氧化碳催化气化反应动力学研究

在内径18 mm的固定床反应器中研究了福建低活性无烟煤二氧化碳催化气化反应动力学.考察了消除内外扩散影响的实验条件.在750 ℃～907 ℃,以碳酸钠为催化剂分别测定了永安丰海筛无烟煤、永安加福筛无烟煤和永定无烟煤的转化率与时间的关系;以碳酸钾及纸浆黑液为催化剂测定了永定无烟煤的转化率与时间的关系.永安加福筛无烟煤采用均相一级反应模型及未反应缩芯模型进行拟合,得出气化反应速率常数、反应活化能和指前因子,与热天平的实验结果进行比较,固定床反应速率常数明显变大,活化能和指前因子也大,是由于固定床中有较高的二氧化碳到煤粒表面的传递速率和较高的升温速率所致.

等温热重法生物质空气气化反应动力学研究

应用等温热重法对４种生物质焦样与空气气化反应进行研究。利用热天平进行实验，对所得重量－时间曲线加以分析和处理，从而可得出４种焦样的化学反应动力学参数、反应速率方程式。为城市生活垃圾的气化提供了理论依据。

超临界水流化床内煤气化过程建模与仿真(2):气化反应动力学模型及气化规律

本文成功建立了煤超临界水气化动力学模型,其中包括煤在超临界水中热解、液化、固相残碳及液化产物的蒸汽重整等均相和非相反应。该动力学模型能准确反应煤在超临界水中气化特征。在前述第一部分工作的基础上,耦合该气化动力学模型,对煤在超临界水流化床中气化过程进行了建模。通过该模型研究了宽温度参数范围下反应器内典型反应速率、反应组分分布演变规律,揭示了反应器内部化学反应特征与气化规律。研究加深了对超临界水流化床内煤气化过程的认识,对超临界水流化床反应器的优化、放大以及实际运行具有指导意义。

生物质灰对煤焦气化反应的影响

生物质灰富含碱金属及碱土金属(AAEM),可作为天然催化剂应用于煤催化气化。生物质灰对煤焦气化反应促进作用也是生物质与煤共气化协同作用的本质原因。然而,生物质灰中AAEM在煤气化过程中会失活,失去部分催化作用。通过固定床热解及气化试验,结合XRD、Raman、XRF及BET等手段,分析了生物质灰种类、添加量、气化温度等因素对煤焦气化反应的影响。结果表明,生物质灰对煤焦气化反应催化作用与AAEM含量及存在形态相关。煤焦气化反应速率随小麦秸秆灰添加量增大而增大,小麦秸秆灰添加量达40%时,煤焦气化反应速率变化趋于平缓。气化反应前期,小麦秸秆灰对煤焦气化反应存在抑制作用;随转化率升高,在相同转化率下,温度越高,小麦秸秆灰催化作用越弱。为抑制小麦秸秆灰中K的失活,以蛋壳作为添加剂,探究了小麦秸秆灰与蛋壳的混灰对煤焦气化反应的影响。结果表明,25%小麦秸秆灰与5%蛋壳的混灰,可进一步增强小麦秸秆灰对煤焦气化反应催化作用。添加小麦秸秆灰使煤焦在气化过程中比表面积增大,孔隙结构丰富,石墨化程度减弱,无定形碳含量增加,气化反应活化能降低,气化反应速率增大。煤焦及添加小麦秸秆灰煤焦气化反应采用随机孔模型模拟效果最好。研究结果为生物质灰在煤催化气化中的应用提供参考。

平顶山瘦煤煤焦固定床二氧化碳催化气化动力学研究

以K_2CO_3负载后的平顶山瘦煤煤焦为研究对象,在内径为20mm的固定床反应器中对其二氧化碳催化气化反应动力学进行了研究。考察了K_2CO_3的负载对平顶山瘦煤黏结性的影响,确定了消除气化反应内外扩散影响的实验条件。在750℃～900℃范围内,测定了平顶山瘦煤煤焦的碳转化率与时间的关系。采用均相模型和缩核模型对实验结果进行拟合,得到了焦样二氧化碳催化气化反应的反应速率常数、反应活化能和指前因子。结果表明,K_2CO_3对平顶山瘦煤具有显著的破黏和催化气化效果。利用均相模型和缩核模型均能对平顶山瘦煤煤焦的二氧化碳催化气化反应动力学起到较好的预测效果。

Study on the kinetic model of Cr/H/Air/Cl mixture

Constructing a reasonable reaction kinetic model for Cr-containing waste incineration is of high significance to study the effect of various factors,such as temperature,Cl,on its hexavalent chromium compounds.In this paper,a primary Cr/H/Air/Cl reaction kinetic model is built and studied by Gaussian 03 code with quantum chemistry theory.Numerical results show that there are two overall reactions in the model,each of the two overall reactions consists of their respective two elementary reactions.So the two overall reactions should be omitted from the model.Instead,the four elementary reactions should be added in the Cr/H/Air/Cl reaction kinetic model.The activation energies of the four elementary reactions are also calculated.

Study on Al2O3 Extraction From Activated Coal Gangue under Different Calcination Atmospheres

Coal gangue was calcinated under air, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, air-hydrogen, and hydrogen atmospheres. The effects of different calcination temperatures and atmospheres on the mineral composition of activated coal gangue were investigated by X-ray diffraction. Moreover, the acid leaching kinetics of aluminum oxide from coal gangue was investigated with sulfuric acid. It showed that the air atmosphere promoted kaolinite decomposition during coal gangue calcination. The hydrogen atmosphere promoted the activation and decomposition of kaolinite at reaction temperatures exceeding 650℃. The carbon dioxide atmosphere eliminated the influence of residual carbon on coal gangue. When the ratio of acid/coal gangue was 1.5 and reaction temperature was 650℃, the sulfuric acid leaching rate under air, air-hydrogen, carbon dioxide, hydrogen and nitrogen atmospheres were 93.66%, 90.90%, 84.06%, 81.91% and 77.54% respectively. The acid leaching reaction process conformed to unreacted shrinking core model of particle unchanged, and was controlled by the interracial chemical reaction. The reaction kinetic equation for the leaching process was 1-（1-x）1/3=kt with an apparent activation energy of 48.97 kJ/mol.