As a kind of natural disasters, sand dust storms frequently occur in deserts and their surrounding areas. The occurrence of this disaster in China′s northwest and north China has exerted an extremely adverse effect u...As a kind of natural disasters, sand dust storms frequently occur in deserts and their surrounding areas. The occurrence of this disaster in China′s northwest and north China has exerted an extremely adverse effect upon the environment in China. The management of sand dust storms is of a systematic project closely related with the environment such as agriculture, ecosystem, forestry, water conservancy, meteorology and other aspects. Therefore, studies of the formation, the basic features, causes, temporal spatial distribution, developing trend and related disasters of sand dust storms in China are conducted based on satellite data. The experience of sand dust storms control and countermeasures in the United States and some other countries are referred. Meanwhile, preliminary countermeasures relating to sand dust storms in China are proposed.展开更多
Processing cow manure into biogas is a solution to reduce air pollutant, because it reduces the smell of the manure up to 70%. Besides producing biogas, the sludge of biodigester can also serve as solid and liquid fer...Processing cow manure into biogas is a solution to reduce air pollutant, because it reduces the smell of the manure up to 70%. Besides producing biogas, the sludge of biodigester can also serve as solid and liquid fertilizer. The solid fertilizer can be used as carder of entomopathogenic fungi to control the pest which lives underground. The research aimed to investigate the benefits of biodigester sludge as fertilizer and carrier of entomopathogenic fungi (Cordyceps sp.) to control white grub pest. The use of organic fertilizer and pesticide in the cultivation can minimize the environmental hazard. The method used in the study was completely randomized design with four treatments, which were the addition of Cordyceps sp. corn media as much as 0, 10, 20 and 30 g/kg of sludge. Every addition was repeated three times to corn planted in a tub. To examine the effect of the treatments, the data were analyzed with ANOVA and Duncan test was applied when differences occurred between treatments. The results of the research showed that the nutrients contained in the manure which had been processed into biogas were not lost. The plants cultivated in the planting medium supplemented with sludge grew healthier, bigger, taller and had stronger and longer roots. On the contrary, the plants cultivated without sludge addition were vulnerable to white grub attack. The Cordyceps sp., which was added into the sludge, was effective to control the white grub. The concentration of Cordyceps sp. as much as 20 g/kg of sludge in corn planting medium was the most effective concentration to control white grub pest.展开更多
Long-term forecasts of pest pressure are central to the effective managementof many agricultural insect pests. In the eastern cropping regions of Australia, seriousinfestations of Helicoverpa punctigera (Wallengren) a...Long-term forecasts of pest pressure are central to the effective managementof many agricultural insect pests. In the eastern cropping regions of Australia, seriousinfestations of Helicoverpa punctigera (Wallengren) and H. armigera (Hiibner)(Lepidoptera:Noctuidae) are experienced annually. Regression analyses of a long series of light-trap catches ofadult moths were used to describe the seasonal dynamics of both species. The size of the springgeneration in eastern cropping zones could be related to rainfall in putative source areas in inlandAustralia. Subsequent generations could be related to the abundance of various crops inagricultural areas, rainfall and the magnitude of the spring population peak. As rainfall figuredprominently as a predictor variable, and can itself be predicted using the Southern OscillationIndex (SOI), trap catches were also related to this variable. The geographic distribution of eachspecies was modelled in relation to climate and CLIMEX was used to predict temporal variation inabundance at given putative source sites in inland Australia using historical meteorological data.These predictions were then correlated with subsequent pest abundance data in a major croppingregion. The regression-based and bio-climatic-based approaches to predicting pest abundance arecompared and their utility in predicting and interpreting pest dynamics are discussed.展开更多
文摘As a kind of natural disasters, sand dust storms frequently occur in deserts and their surrounding areas. The occurrence of this disaster in China′s northwest and north China has exerted an extremely adverse effect upon the environment in China. The management of sand dust storms is of a systematic project closely related with the environment such as agriculture, ecosystem, forestry, water conservancy, meteorology and other aspects. Therefore, studies of the formation, the basic features, causes, temporal spatial distribution, developing trend and related disasters of sand dust storms in China are conducted based on satellite data. The experience of sand dust storms control and countermeasures in the United States and some other countries are referred. Meanwhile, preliminary countermeasures relating to sand dust storms in China are proposed.
文摘Processing cow manure into biogas is a solution to reduce air pollutant, because it reduces the smell of the manure up to 70%. Besides producing biogas, the sludge of biodigester can also serve as solid and liquid fertilizer. The solid fertilizer can be used as carder of entomopathogenic fungi to control the pest which lives underground. The research aimed to investigate the benefits of biodigester sludge as fertilizer and carrier of entomopathogenic fungi (Cordyceps sp.) to control white grub pest. The use of organic fertilizer and pesticide in the cultivation can minimize the environmental hazard. The method used in the study was completely randomized design with four treatments, which were the addition of Cordyceps sp. corn media as much as 0, 10, 20 and 30 g/kg of sludge. Every addition was repeated three times to corn planted in a tub. To examine the effect of the treatments, the data were analyzed with ANOVA and Duncan test was applied when differences occurred between treatments. The results of the research showed that the nutrients contained in the manure which had been processed into biogas were not lost. The plants cultivated in the planting medium supplemented with sludge grew healthier, bigger, taller and had stronger and longer roots. On the contrary, the plants cultivated without sludge addition were vulnerable to white grub attack. The Cordyceps sp., which was added into the sludge, was effective to control the white grub. The concentration of Cordyceps sp. as much as 20 g/kg of sludge in corn planting medium was the most effective concentration to control white grub pest.
文摘Long-term forecasts of pest pressure are central to the effective managementof many agricultural insect pests. In the eastern cropping regions of Australia, seriousinfestations of Helicoverpa punctigera (Wallengren) and H. armigera (Hiibner)(Lepidoptera:Noctuidae) are experienced annually. Regression analyses of a long series of light-trap catches ofadult moths were used to describe the seasonal dynamics of both species. The size of the springgeneration in eastern cropping zones could be related to rainfall in putative source areas in inlandAustralia. Subsequent generations could be related to the abundance of various crops inagricultural areas, rainfall and the magnitude of the spring population peak. As rainfall figuredprominently as a predictor variable, and can itself be predicted using the Southern OscillationIndex (SOI), trap catches were also related to this variable. The geographic distribution of eachspecies was modelled in relation to climate and CLIMEX was used to predict temporal variation inabundance at given putative source sites in inland Australia using historical meteorological data.These predictions were then correlated with subsequent pest abundance data in a major croppingregion. The regression-based and bio-climatic-based approaches to predicting pest abundance arecompared and their utility in predicting and interpreting pest dynamics are discussed.