栽有作物的圆拱型连栋温室强制通风气流场模拟

为了研究连栋塑料温室在强制通风情况下内部风速场,采用流体力学分析软件Fluent软件建立圆拱型连栋塑料温室强制通风模型加以分析。温室内栽种作物以番茄为例,研究了作物高度为0.5、1、1.5、1.8m条件下温室内部的气流分布情况。数值模拟结果表明:作物对强制通风情况下温室内流场有较大影响,作物区域空气流速变化平缓,作物上部风速迅速增加;由于作物明显阻碍气流运动,不同作物高度的温室内气流分布存在较大差别。

ANSYS/FLOTRAN在温室内气流场稳态模拟的应用研究

以Navier-Stokes方程为模型基础,运用ANSYS/FLOTRAN软件对华北型机械通风式连栋塑料温室在不同山墙门打开度情况下室内的气流场进行三维稳态模拟。同时通过试验测得温室内各测点的气流流速,并分析试验数据得到温室内的气流流速的平均值。结果表明:在试验条件下山墙门打开度为2.3×2 m2,造成室内局部风速过大,流场分布紊乱;山墙门打开度为2.3×3 m2,使室内风速平均值太小,达不到温室通风的要求;山墙门打开度为2.3×2.4 m2时在同等条件下温室内的气流场分布均匀,平均风速最大,通风效果较理想。

两种风向下单栋塑料大棚内自然通风流场模拟

为分析塑料大棚的侧窗和山墙门对单栋塑料大棚内自然通风的影响,该文运用CFX流体动力学分析软件对简易单栋塑料大棚内的自然通风情况进行了三维稳态模拟。外界风向分别取平行于大棚屋脊和与屋脊夹角15°两种情况。模拟结果显示:当风向与屋脊平行时,室内流场在稳定状态时基本上沿屋脊的中心纵截面对称,室外气流从山墙门和两边侧窗的前半部分进入大棚内,从后半部分的侧窗处流出,气流在大棚中心地带的流速较高,而在侧窗附近流速较低。大棚顶部和后部气流变化比较复杂;在风向与屋脊成15°夹角情况下,室外气流从侧窗的迎风处、背风侧窗的前部和山墙门进入,从背风侧窗处流出,室内气流场有一个明显的偏转过程。从侧窗流入的气流和山墙门流入的气流相遇后在大棚内形成了各种程度的涡流,使得大棚内气流分布较为复杂。室外风向对单栋塑料大棚内气流场的形态有明显影响。

连栋塑料温室自然通风流场的稳态模拟——顶窗配置形式对温室内流场的影响

比较华东地区连栋塑料温室3种典型的不同顶窗配置形式对其自然通风效果的影响,以Navier-Stokes方程为模型基础,运用流体动力学分析软件CFX对配置不同顶窗的温室内自然通风气流场进行了三维稳态模拟,外界风向平行于温室屋脊的方向.模拟结果表明:顶窗配置形式对温室内自然通风影响较大,室内流场差异明显,平均流速最大相差30%以上,但气流最大速度相差不大.当连栋温室配置小屋脊顶窗时,在两侧栋内存在漩涡中心静止区域,但数量少,面积小,气流运动整体相对均衡且剧烈,通风效果最好;半拱顶窗其次;谷间顶窗相对较差.顶窗通风量占整个温室通风的比例较大,从顶窗进入的气流遍及几乎整个温室上部和大部分下部空间,气流运动在顶窗开向侧比较集中,但总体运动比较均匀.

连栋塑料温室自然通风流场的稳态模拟——防虫网对温室内流场的影响

以Navier-Stokes方程为基础,运用计算流体动力学软件CFX对华东地区典型结构的连栋塑料温室内的自然通风流场进行了三维稳态模拟,分析了防虫网对温室内自然通风流场的影响.模拟温室采用1∶10的缩小模型,外界风向取平行于温室屋脊方向.模拟结果表明,不论温室是否配置防虫网,温室内的气流场分布均不对称.在无防虫网条件下,风压通风占主导作用,温室下部侧窗为主要通风口,气流强度在顶窗开口对侧区域相对剧烈,气流运动不均匀.在温室设置防虫网后,温室内气流强度有所减弱,热压通风作用增大,此时顶窗成为温室通风的重要部位;相对无防虫网的情况,温室内气流运动虽然在顶窗开口对侧中下部、顶窗开口侧上部有局部加强,但整体运动较为均衡.

网棚养殖蝗虫吸捕机设计

针对网棚养殖蝗虫的捕集问题,设计了旋风分离式蝗虫吸捕机。使用CFD软件对吸嘴和分离装置的内部气流场进行了数值模拟。样机试验表明:当吸嘴倾角为75°、吸口气流速度为14 m/s、吸嘴距地高度为40 mm、机器前进速度为0.4 m/s时,可以获得较高的吸捕率和较低的破碎率。实际作业时可根据蝗虫分布密度,灵活调节吸口风速和机器前进速度,以提高吸捕效率、降低能耗。

计算流体力学在现代建筑消防设计中的应用

在现代计算机技术广泛应用的今天,在建筑消防设计中计算流体力学也发挥了越来越重要的作用。本文与实际的工程实例相结合,对现代建筑消防设计中计算流体力学的应用进行了分析和介绍。

Numerical and experimental studies of flow field in hydrocyclone with air core

For the flow field in a d50 mm hydrocyclone, numerical studies based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation and experimental studies based on particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurement were carried out respectively. The results of two methods show that air core generally forms after 0.7 s, the similar characteristics of air core can be observed. Vortexes and axial velocity distributions obtained by numerical and experimental methods are also in good agreement. Studies of different parameters based on CFD simulation show that tangential velocity distribution inside the hydrocyclone can be regarded as a combined vortex. Axial and tangential velocities increase as the feed rate increases. The enlargement of cone angle and overflow outlet diameter can speed up the overflow discharge rate. The change of underflow outlet diameter has no significant effect on axial and tangential velocities.

Laser Measurement and Intensity Evaluation of Intake Swirl in Engine Using a Water Analog

The intake swirl in the cylinder was induced by a swirler which was fixed in one of two intake ports. In order to understand the characteristics of the intake swirl, a transparent water analog was designed which simulated 150 type single cylinder engine. At the same time, the particle image velocimetry was used to measure the flow fields induced by various swirlers in the analog. After measurement, a new method was presented to evaluate the intensity of the intake swirl. Then, when the measured sections, the lifts of valve and the swirlers were different, the calculated results of the flow field were compared.

Numerical Simulation and Analysis of Gas Flow Field in Serrated Valve Column

A three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics （CFD） model for gas flow through a serrated valve tray was presented. The flow field, as well as the dry-pressure drop of the valve under the full-opening condition was simulated based on the proposed model by using FLUENT 6.0 software. Compared with the values of dry-pressure dro.p in different turbulent models, the.simulated.results using RNG κ-ε model are in reasonable agreement with experimental data, indicating that RNG κ-ε model is suitable in simulating gas flow through the serrated valve tray. Then the CFD model combining RNG κ-ε model was used to study the three-dimensional gas flow through the considered serrated valve tray. The simulated results showed that various eddies existed on the serrated valve tray, and both the eddy and the non-eddy areas were nearly equal. The existence of addendum can decrease the eddy area caused by gas passing through the lateral outlet slots. The size of eddies can be reduced by optimizing the distance between valves.

Effects of Gas Flow Field on Clogging Phenomenon in Close-Coupled Vortical Loop Slit Gas Atomization

In order to study the basic characteristics of gas flow field in the atomizing chamber near the nozzle outlet of the vortical loop slit atomizer and its influence mechanism on clogging phenomenon,the computational fluid dynamics(CFD)software Fluent is used to conduct a numerical simulation of the gas flow field in the atomizing chamber near the nozzle outlet of this atomizer under different annular slit widths,different atomization gas pressures and different protrusion lengths of the melt delivery tube. The results show that under atomization gas pressure p=4.5 MPa,the greater the annular slit width D,the lower the static temperature near the central hole outlet at the front end of the melt delivery tube,and the smaller the aspirating pressure at the front end of the melt delivery tube. These features can effectively prevent the occurrence of the clogging phenomenon of metallic melt. Under an annular slit width of D=1.2 mm,when the atomization gas pressure satisfies 1 MPa ≤ p ≤ 2 MPa and increases gradually,the aspirating pressure at the front end of the melt delivery tube will decline rapidly. This can prevent the clogging phenomenon of metallic melt. However,when the atomization gas pressure p >2 MPa,the greater the atomization gas pressure,the lower the static temperature near the central hole outlet at the front end of the melt delivery tube,and the greater the aspirating pressure at the front end of the melt delivery tube. Hence,the effect of preventing the solidification-induced clogging phenomenon of metallic melt is restricted. When atomization gas pressure is p =4.5 MPa and annular slit width is D=1.2 mm,the greater the protrusion length H of the melt delivery tube,and the smaller the aspirating pressure at its front end. The static temperature near the central hole that can be observed in its front end is approximate to effectively prevent the occurrence of clogging phenomenon of metallic melt. However,because of the small aspirating pressure,the metallic melt flows into the atomizing chamber from the central hole at the front end of the melt delivery tube at an increasing speed and the gas-melt ratio in the mass flow rate is reduced,which is not conducive to the improvement of atomization performance.

Characteristics of gas explosion flow fields in complex pipelines

The explosion flow field in five straight pipes with different diameters and one bending pipe selected from a domestic coal mine are studied by the method of numerical simulation. And the results show that,both in the straight and bending pipes, the pressure wave and velocity wave are accelerated by the rising of reaction rate. As the explosion progressed, with the temperature reaching approximately 3000 K, only one pressure wave and one reaction rate wave were observed, while several velocity waves were found.The larger diameter presented the highest relative pressure as well as the largest velocity increase and subsequent decrease inside the tube. The bent pipes caused both turbulence and kinetic energy to increase, resulting in the acceleration of the reaction rate. The burning time was 7.4% shorter than the burning time observed for the straight pipe. Based on these results, designing one explosion resistance device, and in the practical engineering applications, it was to be proved to meet the security requirements fully.

Numerical simulation on melt flow with bubble stirring and temperature field in aluminum holding furnace

The numerical model for predicting the flow and temperature fields of the melt in holding furnace with porous brick purging system were set up using Euler-Lagrange approach.In this model,bubbles coalescence and disintegration were ignored based on the dimensionless analysis,and the bubble size was assumed to be obedient to Rosin-Rammler distribution with a mean size of 0.6 mm.The results show that on reference operating condition,during the heating and agitation process,melt mixes well in the furnace,and the melt velocity increases with the increase of gas flux.Holding the melt for 30 min causes the max temperature in the bulk melt to increase to 60 K.After holding the heat,the agitation processing restarts,and it takes 10 min for the stratified melt to retrieve the homogeneous temperature field when the gas flux is 10 L/min,which shows deficient alloying and degassing in the melt.With the increase of gas flux from 10 to 20,30 and 40 L/min,the necessary recovery time decreases from 10 to 6,5 and 4 min gradually,which shows the improvement of the stirring efficiency.Depending on the processing purposes,for both good degassing performance and gas saving,proper operating strategy and parameters (gas flux,primarily) could be adjusted.

Experimental study on the goaf flow field of the ‘‘U+I” type ventilation system for a comprehensive mechanized mining face

＂U＂ and ＂U＋I＂ type ventilation experiments were performed on a three-dimensional fully mechanized caving face simulation experimental platform. The distribution laws of the pressure field and gas field in the mine goal were obtained. Results show that the flow field in the goaf is generally asymmetric; the location of the gas accumulation area changes with ventilation parameters and can be used as an evaluation indicator to study the air leakage extent in the goal. Hence, drainage pipes buried in the goaf to intensively extract gas can be designed in such gas areas, which can give considerations in both improving gas drainage efficiency and reducing air leakage. By comparing the gas extraction effect of model experiments with that of on-site underground practices, the basic laws are commonly consistent according to comparative analysis. Thus the experimental results can be used to guide the application of underground gas prevent!o_n_and.control..

Measurement and Simulation of the Flow Field around a Triangular Lattice Meteorological Mast

The international standard IEC 61400-12-1 Wind turbines--Part 12-1： Power performance measurements of electricity producing wind turbines＂ aims to provide a uniform methodology that will ensure consistency, accuracy and reproducibility in the measurement and analysis of power performance by wind turbines. Annex G of this standard provides a methodology for the appropriate arrangement of instruments on the meteorological mast to ensure accurate measurement. For cup anemometers it provides recommendations about their location relative to the mast so that the effect of mast and boom interference on their output may be minimised. These recommendations are given for both tubular masts and lattice masts. This paper compares the flow distortion predicted by the IEC standard and the results of a 3D CFD （computational fluid dynamics） simulation of a triangular lattice mast. Based on the results of wind tunnel and CFD simulation it was found that the flow distortion surrounding the lattice mast was overpredicted by the method suggested in appendix G oflEC61400-12-1. Using the CFD data it was possible to determine, for a range of flow directions and mast heights, the distance from the mast that anemometers would need to be in order to be outside the flow distortion field.

Study on application and numerical simulation of the airflow temperature distribution rule in drifting tunnel

According to the law of conservation in the state of turbulent flow, the differential equation describing the airflow temperature distribution in drifting tunnel is derived, By theoretical analysis and field measurement of the airflow and thermal process in mine, theoretical analysis and systematic flow are developed. By PHONENICS program, the numerical simulation is processed, and the changing rule of airflow temperature with various parameters in drifting tunnel is derived. The airflow temperature in drifting tunnel decreases as the airflow velocity increases in a way of negative power exponent, and elevates linearly as the temperature of the incoming airflow elevates.

Gas-solid flow field numerical simulation of different feeding and returning formations of flue-gas circulating fluidized bed

3D Euler double-fluid model was applied and three different feedstocks and reverts formations were simulated. By calculating and analyzing the state of gas and solid fluxion in absorber using three different methods of the feedstocks and reverts in recirculating fluidized bed, described the behavior of gas and solid through the gas-phase velocity, turbulence intensity, gas-solid sliding velocity, and density of particles. The results show that the feedstocks and reverts enters into absorption tower through two symmetrical feedings and are mixed with flue gas. Based on the respective analysis of each model and the com- parison analysis of the three models, this paper drew conclusions. The turbulence intensity of absorption tower is high, gas-solid sliding speed is big, and granule concentration near the axis is high, which has advantages for desulfurization and im- proving the utilization rate of absorbent.

Effects of Measuring Positions on the Measured Aerodynamic Performance of a Centrifugal Compressor

This paper performs a numerical simulation of three-dimensional flow field in a centrifugal compressor with long inlet and outlet pipes using CFX software.By arranging virtual probes at different positions in both inlet and outlet planes,the aerodynamic performance of the centrifugal compressor is measured and compared with each other.Then effects of measuring positions on measurement results are discussed.The results show that it will generate notable measuring errors of the pressure ratio and efficiency if the inlet total pressure is measured using a single-point probe.The inlet total pressure data can be accurate when they are measured using a 3-point rake.The outlet total pressure and total temperature data can not be accurate if they are respectively measured at one circumferential position even using a multi-point rake.Increasing tangential measuring positions at the outlet is effective to improve the test accuracy.When the outlet total pressure and total temperature are respectively measured at 3 tangential positions,the data can be almost accurate.

Large eddy simulation and proper orthogonal decomposition analysis of turbulent flows in a direct injection spark ignition engine:Cyclic variation and effect of valve lift

Large eddy simulation(LES)is used to calculate the in-cylinder turbulent flow field in a direct injection spark ignition(DISI)engine.The computations are carried out for three different maximum valve lifts(MVL)and throughout 100 consecutive engine cycles.The simulated results as well as corresponding particle image velocimetry(PIV)measurement database are analyzed by the proper orthogonal decomposition(POD)method.Through a new developed POD quadruple decomposition the instantaneous in-cylinder flow fields are decomposed into four parts,named mean field,coherent field,transition field and turbulent field,respectively.Then the in-cylinder turbulent flow characteristics and cycle-to-cycle variations(CCV)are studied separately upon the four part flow fields.Results indicate that each part exhibits its specific characteristics and has close connection with others.The mean part contains more than 50%of the total kinetic energy and the energy cascade phenomenon occurs among the four part fields;the coherent field part possesses the highest CCV level which dominates CCV of the bulk flow.In addition,it is observed that a change in MVL affects significantly the in-cylinder flow behavior including CCV,especially for the coherent part.Furthermore,the POD analysis demonstrates that at least 25 sample cycles for the mean velocity and 50 sample cycles for the RMS velocity are necessary for obtaining converged and correct results in CCV.