对近年来中国重霾污染过程的气象成因的相关研究进行了总结,从大气环流背景、边界层流场以及气象因子等方面进行综合分析,并介绍了相关区域输送对污染的影响贡献,得出关于中国重霾过程污染气象的一致结论:冬季重霾发生的典型天气条件为...对近年来中国重霾污染过程的气象成因的相关研究进行了总结,从大气环流背景、边界层流场以及气象因子等方面进行综合分析,并介绍了相关区域输送对污染的影响贡献,得出关于中国重霾过程污染气象的一致结论:冬季重霾发生的典型天气条件为高空500 h Pa西风纬向环流指数高,南北气流交换不畅,利于中国中东部高空稳定形势的发展,对应近地弱高低压系统,均压场控制频繁,稳定的大气层结使污染物更易在近地累积,偏南暖湿气流则促使大量二次污染物生成;副热带高压与青藏高原高压、西风带高压并合的形势,是引起中国夏季大气环境质量恶化的主要原因;台风引起的下沉逆温稳定天气,易造成珠三角地区重霾污染。区域和局地山脉气流辐合效应使污染物较易在山麓地带聚积,海陆风和山谷风带动局地污染物的垂直输送和区域间输送。地面弱风速、风向以及高湿度是影响大气质量的直接关键因子,混合层高度与空气质量具有较强的相关性,对限制污染物的垂向有效扩散产生重要影响。数值模拟气象要素对空气质量影响贡献得到多次验证,霾预警开始发挥重要作用,区域污染的输送作用对重点城市空气质量的影响不容忽视。在重霾过程污染气象的研究还有待深化的方面包括:重视模拟研究,对污染物在大气中多尺度传输、沉降及化学循环等全周期的行为轨迹进行追踪定量,制定有针对性的污染控制技术与对策;开展大气污染的影响边界研究,辅助气象预报为特定区域空气质量保障提出即时有效的防控措施和预警方案,为提高污染控制措施的有效性奠定科学基础。展开更多
The spatial and temporal variabilities of summer rainfall over Shandong for the period 1961～2000 were analyzed by EOF and wavelet analysis. The links between the variabilities of the rainfall and the Western Tropical...The spatial and temporal variabilities of summer rainfall over Shandong for the period 1961～2000 were analyzed by EOF and wavelet analysis. The links between the variabilities of the rainfall and the Western Tropical Pacific Warm Pool areas thermal state and the summer monsoon were studied by SVD. The results showed that there are mainly 3 patterns of summer rainfall in Shandong,one of which is important that present in-phase variance of rainfall over all Shandong;besides it,there still exist the distributive differences between eastern and western;northern and southern. Variability of summer rainfall over Shandong is very closely links to the thermal state in the Western Tropical Pacific Warm Pool area. When the Western Tropical Pacific Warm Pool is warmer than normal,summer rainfall throughout Shandong is heavy,and vice versa. The impact of the thermal state variations in the Western Tropical Pacific Warm Pool area on the summer rainfall in Shandong seems to be through the changes in position of the western Pacific subtropical high and intension of the east Asian summer monsoon.展开更多
文摘对近年来中国重霾污染过程的气象成因的相关研究进行了总结,从大气环流背景、边界层流场以及气象因子等方面进行综合分析,并介绍了相关区域输送对污染的影响贡献,得出关于中国重霾过程污染气象的一致结论:冬季重霾发生的典型天气条件为高空500 h Pa西风纬向环流指数高,南北气流交换不畅,利于中国中东部高空稳定形势的发展,对应近地弱高低压系统,均压场控制频繁,稳定的大气层结使污染物更易在近地累积,偏南暖湿气流则促使大量二次污染物生成;副热带高压与青藏高原高压、西风带高压并合的形势,是引起中国夏季大气环境质量恶化的主要原因;台风引起的下沉逆温稳定天气,易造成珠三角地区重霾污染。区域和局地山脉气流辐合效应使污染物较易在山麓地带聚积,海陆风和山谷风带动局地污染物的垂直输送和区域间输送。地面弱风速、风向以及高湿度是影响大气质量的直接关键因子,混合层高度与空气质量具有较强的相关性,对限制污染物的垂向有效扩散产生重要影响。数值模拟气象要素对空气质量影响贡献得到多次验证,霾预警开始发挥重要作用,区域污染的输送作用对重点城市空气质量的影响不容忽视。在重霾过程污染气象的研究还有待深化的方面包括:重视模拟研究,对污染物在大气中多尺度传输、沉降及化学循环等全周期的行为轨迹进行追踪定量,制定有针对性的污染控制技术与对策;开展大气污染的影响边界研究,辅助气象预报为特定区域空气质量保障提出即时有效的防控措施和预警方案,为提高污染控制措施的有效性奠定科学基础。
文摘The spatial and temporal variabilities of summer rainfall over Shandong for the period 1961～2000 were analyzed by EOF and wavelet analysis. The links between the variabilities of the rainfall and the Western Tropical Pacific Warm Pool areas thermal state and the summer monsoon were studied by SVD. The results showed that there are mainly 3 patterns of summer rainfall in Shandong,one of which is important that present in-phase variance of rainfall over all Shandong;besides it,there still exist the distributive differences between eastern and western;northern and southern. Variability of summer rainfall over Shandong is very closely links to the thermal state in the Western Tropical Pacific Warm Pool area. When the Western Tropical Pacific Warm Pool is warmer than normal,summer rainfall throughout Shandong is heavy,and vice versa. The impact of the thermal state variations in the Western Tropical Pacific Warm Pool area on the summer rainfall in Shandong seems to be through the changes in position of the western Pacific subtropical high and intension of the east Asian summer monsoon.
