封闭空间火灾烟气温度特性的数值模拟研究

封闭空间中火灾与一般开放空间中火灾具有许多不同的特点,运用火灾动力学仿真软件FDS,研究了不同油池尺寸下庚烷池火的烟气温度特性。结果表明:在封闭空间中,烟气可以分为上部温度较高的浓烟气层和下部温度较低的稀烟气层,分层高度大约在距地板0.25 m高度处;油池尺寸越大,烟气温度越高。当油池大小为0.2 m×0.2 m时,烟气温度能到达450℃,对人员和舱室结构都有非常大的危害。封闭空间烟气温度分布,同一水平面基本相同,在竖直方向,浓烟气层温度分布呈均匀梯度分布;烟气蔓延存在传热传质,其热量传递以对流传热为主。

贡嘎山东坡地区气候变化特性研究

以贡嘎山东坡脚的石棉气象站1952—2005年的降水与气温资料为基础，对贡嘎山东坡的气象特征作趋势性分析和周期性分析。通过趋势分析发现贡嘎山东坡的降水量和气温从20世纪50年代以来有略微上升的趋势，运用小波进行周期分析，发现气温和降水存在的周期基本一致，并主要存在2～4年、7～8年、12年左右和33~34年的周期，这些周期与地球物理因子和海气因子相互作用有关。

再热器气温异常分析

介绍了某电厂锅炉的汽水流程、主要设计参数,再热器气温调节的特性及调节的方块图,重点介绍再热器气温的调节方式。详细介绍了再热器气温异常的整个运行操作过程,异常时各主要参数的变化曲线,对异常做出准确的分析,并总结经验和教训。

燃气轮机机组进气冷却技术分析评估

简要介绍几种主要的燃气轮机进气冷却技术,包括蒸发冷却、吸收式制冷、压缩式制冷、冰蓄冷。考虑燃气轮机的气温特性、当地的气象条件、燃料价格、电价等因素,提出了评估不同进气冷却方案的方法。以某地区气象条件下GE Frame 6B型燃气轮机为例进行了计算,给出了不同方案的经济分析结果。

城市燃气负荷的气温响应特性研究

气温是影响城市燃气短期负荷的重要因素之一。通过对华北某城市燃气负荷和气温历史数据的统计,分析了城市燃气居民、商业、工业、锅炉和空调等用户用气负荷受气温变化影响的特点,提出了燃气负荷气温响应特性分析的基本思路,讨论了典型的燃气日负荷气温响应特性。

The Evolutionary Characteristics of the Temperature in Typical Counties in Southwest China——Taking Meitan County in Guizhou Province as an Example

Based on the method of linear trending,analysis was made upon the daily temperature statistics of Meitan County from 1951 to 2009,and the results showed that the temperature in general was on the rise.With 1980 as the turning point,it was on the decline before while later the temperature increased quickly.Among these figures,the variation rates of annual average temperature,annual maximum temperature,and annual minimum temperature are 0.11 ℃/10 a,0.08 ℃/10 a,and 0.36 ℃/10 a.The variation rates of average temperature in spring,summer,fall and winter are respectively 0.12 ℃/10 a,0.07 ℃/10 a,0.12 ℃/10 a,and 0.13 ℃/10 a.Morlet wavelet was adopted to analyze the periodicity of temperature change which has periods of different scales.But since 2000,during different time scales most of the areas have been in the period of temperature rises.Besides,certain rule exists in the periodicity of maximum temperature and minimum temperature.Before 1970s,they had opposite changing rules,and the alteration of the peak value occurred.However,in the late 1980s,they had similar changing rules,and their peak values appeared at the same time.It means that against the background of global warming,the reaction of temperature evolution in Meitan County is quite remarkable.

隧道火灾自然通风最不利火源位置的研究

为了确定排烟系统设计参数和更好地保障人员安全疏散,开展1∶20的缩尺模型试验,研究隧道内6种不同火源位置、4种火源热释放率的火灾对隧道纵向烟气温度分布的影响,通过对火源段烟气温度的分析确定自然通风条件下隧道火灾最不利火源位置。结果表明:火源外边缘位于孔口内侧时,不同火源位置对火源段的烟气温度影响不大;火源外边缘越过孔口内侧壁时,火源段内的烟气温度显著下降;火源最不利位置为火源外边缘位于孔口内侧壁正下方。

RECENT TRENDS OF TEMPERATURE AND PRECIPITATION DISTURBED BY LARGE-SCALE RECLAMATION IN THE SANGJIANG PLAIN OF CHINA

The regional observed temperature and precipitation changes and their abruptjumps disturbed by large-scale reclamation in the Sanjiang Plain, Northeast China were studied. Meanannual temperature of the region was tending to go up and has increased by 1.2-2.2℃ over the past50 years. A warming jump of mean annual temperature of the region occurred in the 1980s, which hadan increasg amplitude of 0.9℃. Linear tendency rates of annual precipitation were negative in mostof the region. The maximum of annual precipitation decrease was 155.8mm over the past 50 years. Anabrupt decrease of regional annual precipitation happened in the middle of the 1960s, which had adecrease of 102.1mm. Based on the fact of climatic change of the Sanjiang Plain over the past 50years, it is held that the region had larger warming amplitude than that of the surrounding areas inthe recent years, which resulted from the large-scale reclamation of various kinds of wetlands.

Biological Characteristies of Methane Emission of Oryzasativa，Panicumcrus－galliand Cyperusdif for misGrown on PaddySoil

Biological characteristics of methane emission were compared among Oryza sativa, Panicum crus-galli andCyperus difformis grown on paddy soil. The order of the amounts of methane emitted was P. crus-galli > O. sativa >C. difformis, with the former two 11 and 8 times as much as that of the latter, respectively. And it was just opposite tothat of the methane-forming activities of roots of the three plants. The diurnal changes of methane emission of thethree plants were relatively consistent with valleys during 11:00-14:00 and midnight and peaks during 8:00-11: 00,14:00- 20:00 and about 5:00 early morning. The methanogenic activites in rhizospheric soils were higher than those innonrhizospheric soils with P. crus-galli and O. sativa, but not with C. difformis. The pathways of methane release ofP. crus-galli and O . sativa were probably through the top gaps near the junctions of nodal plate and leaf sheath, how-ever in C. difformistopgaps from which methane could escape into atmosphere were not found.

Experiment on Effect of Tip Clearance Leakage Flow on Heat Transfer of Turbine Outer Ring

The cascade model was tested using transient liquid crystal temperature measurement technology.The effects of main flow Reynolds number,blowing ratio and tip clearance height on the convective heat transfer coefficient of the turbine outer ring were studied.Two feature lines were marked on the turbine outer ring corresponding to the position of the blade.The conclusions are as follows:The tip clearance leakage flow has a great influence on the convective heat transfer coefficient of the turbine outer ring.When the clearance height and the blowing ratio are kept constant,gradually increasing the main flow Reynolds number will result in an increase in the convective heat transfer coefficient of the turbine outer ring.When the clearance height and the main flow Reynolds number are kept constant and the blowing ratio is gradually increased,the convective heat transfer coefficient of the turbine outer ring is almost constant.The heat transfer coefficient of the turbine outer ring surface is little affected by the blowing ratio;The clearance height has great influence on the heat transfer characteristics of the turbine outer ring.Under the typical working condition in this paper,when the tip clearance height ratio is 1.6%,the convective heat transfer coefficient of the outer surface of the turbine is the highest.

Heat Transfer Characteristics of Dropwise Condensation of Steam on Vertical Polymer Coated Plates

The plasma polymerization method and dynamic ion-beam mixed implantation method were employed to coat ultra-thin polymer films on copper plates. Experiments indicated that steady dropwise condensation of steam at atmospheric pressure occurred. The condensation heat transfer coefficients increased by approximately 3 and 5－7 times for the polytrimethylvinylsilane film and polytetrafluoroethylene film respectively, compared with the value for film condensation under the same experimental conditions. The temperatures on the condensing surface and inside the test block were found to be rapidly and randomly fluctuated. The properties of the coated films and advantages of the methods used in this investigation were discussed briefly.

Effects of Nitrogen-controlled Atmosphere Storage on the Quality of Ordinary Late Japonica Rice

Nitrogen-controlled atmosphere has been internationally recognized as a green grain storage technology.This study used Jiangsu ordinary late japonica rice as the test material and investigated the effects of different nitrogen concentrations(88%,93%,and 98%)and different storage temperatures(10,20,and 30℃)on the rice quality indexes during nitrogen-controlled atmosphere storage.The results showed that the water content of rice in different nitrogen-controlled atmosphere groups fluctuated between 12.85%~13.15%at 20℃,which was significantly lower than that in the control group.High-concentration nitrogen-controlled atmosphere treatment(93%and 98%)effectively slowed down the fatty acid value,malondialdehyde(MDA)content,and electrical conductivity of rice,and also significantly inhibited the rapid increase in the final viscosity and water absorption of rice starch,while the changes in the peak viscosity and attenuation value of rice were not significantly different from those of the control group.Meanwhile,the impacts of controlled atmosphere storage with 98%nitrogen concentration on the water content,fatty acid value,MDA content,electrical conductivity,gelatinization characteristics,and water absorption of rice at 10,20,and 30℃were studied.It was found that all quality parameters,except the MDA content,changed most gently at 10℃.In conclusion,the combined treatment of nitrogen-controlled atmosphere storage(98%)and low temperature(10℃)can effectively delay the quality deterioration of ordinary late japonica rice.

Simulation of FCV Fuel Consumption Using Stationary PEMFC

In the near future, the use of FCVs （fuel cell vehicles） is expected to help mitigate environmental problems such as exhaustion of fossil fuels and greenhouse gas emissions. Manufacturers publish an FCV＇s specific fuel consumption, but not its dynamic characteristics such as fuel consumption ratio and motor power ratio. Thus, it is difficult to reflect the dynamic characteristics of FCVs in lifecycle system evaluation. To solve this problem, we propose a fuel-consumption simulation method for FCVs using a 1.2 kW stationary PEMFC （proton exchange membrane fuel cell）. In this study, the specific fuel consumption under driving cycles such as the Japanese 10-15 and the JC08 modes are determined and compared with the FCV simulation results obtained using fuel consumption ratios derived from the stationary PEMFC. In the simulation, the specific fuel consumption was found to be 1.16 kg-H2/100-km for the base case under the Japanese 10-15 driving cycle.

The Study on the Heat Transfer Characteristics of Oxygen Fuel Combustion Boiler

According to 350 MW and 600 MW boilers,under oxygen fuel condition,through the reasonable control of the primary and secondary flow and the correct option and revision of mathematical model,the temperature distribution,heat flux distribution and absorption heat distribution,etc.was obtained which compared with those under air condition.Through calculation,it is obtained that the primary and secondary flow mixed well,good tangentially fired combustion in furnace was formed,the temperature under air condition obviously higher than the temperature under O26 condition.The adiabatic flame temperature of wet cycle was slightly higher than that of dry cycle.The maximum heat load appeared on the waterwall around the burner area.The heat load gradually decreased along the furnace height up and down in burner area.The heat absorption capacity of the furnace under O26 was lower than that under the air condition.The heat absorption capacity of the platen heating surface under 026 was equal to that under air condition.And the heat absorbing capacity of waterwall under O26 was about 7%~12% less than that under air condition.

Investigation on Combustion Characteristics and NO Formation of Methane with Swirling and Non-Swirling High Temperature Air

Combustion characteristics of methane jet flames in an industrial burner working in high temperature combustion regime were investigated experimentally and numerically to clarify the effects of swirling high temperature air on combustion.Speziale-Sarkar-Gatski(SSG) Reynolds stress model,Eddy-Dissipation Model(EDM),Discrete Ordinates Method(DTM) combined with Weighted-Sum-of-Grey Gases Model(WSGG) were employed for the numerical simulation.Both Thermal-NO and Prompt-NO mechanism were considered to evaluate the NO formation.Temperature distribution,NO emissions by experiment and computation in swirling and non-swirling patterns show combustion characteristics of methane jet flames are totally different.Non-swirling high temperature air made high NO formation while significant NO prohibition were achieved by swirling high temperature air.Furthermore,velocity fields,dimensionless major species mole fraction distributions and Thermal-NO molar reaction rate profiles by computation interpret an inner exhaust gas recirculation formed in the combustion zone in swirling case.