采用环境烟雾箱模拟实验,在近大气条件下研究了α-蒎烯气相臭氧氧化反应.通过气体与气溶胶膜采样进样口FIGAERO(Filter Inlet for Gas and AEROsols)与高分辨率飞行时间化学电离质谱(HRTo F-CIMS)联用对颗粒相产物进行了鉴别,鉴别结果表...采用环境烟雾箱模拟实验,在近大气条件下研究了α-蒎烯气相臭氧氧化反应.通过气体与气溶胶膜采样进样口FIGAERO(Filter Inlet for Gas and AEROsols)与高分辨率飞行时间化学电离质谱(HRTo F-CIMS)联用对颗粒相产物进行了鉴别,鉴别结果表明,颗粒相产物中浓度最高的是蒎酮醛,其它主要产物包括蒎酮酸、蒎醛酸、降蒎酮酸、降蒎醛酸和蒎酸.采用扫描电迁移率粒径谱仪(SMPS)、气溶胶质量分析仪(APM)与云凝结核计数器(CCNC)联用考察了臭氧氧化反应生成的二次有机气溶胶(SOA)的粒径谱分布、密度、产率以及云凝结核活性发现,随着臭氧氧化反应的进行,SOA的密度、质量浓度以及云凝结核活性均呈上升趋势.同时研究了重要的大气物种SO2对α-蒎烯臭氧氧化反应的影响,实验结果表明,SO2能大大促进气溶胶成核,气溶胶数浓度、质量浓度和产率均提高,同时云凝结核活性也显著增强,其可能的机制是反应中稳定化的Criegee中间体与SO2反应生成硫酸.展开更多
为解析大气污染物与气象的双向反馈机制及其对气象和环境的影响,建立基于Mie散射理论的气溶胶—光学性质模块,研制气象-化学双向耦合器,以嵌套网格空气质量预报模式NAQPMS(Nested Air Quality Prediction Modeling System)为基础,建立了...为解析大气污染物与气象的双向反馈机制及其对气象和环境的影响,建立基于Mie散射理论的气溶胶—光学性质模块,研制气象-化学双向耦合器,以嵌套网格空气质量预报模式NAQPMS(Nested Air Quality Prediction Modeling System)为基础,建立了NAQPMS和中尺度气象模式WRF(Weather Research and Forecasting Model)的双向耦合模式(WRF-NAQPMS)。利用此模式数值模拟了2013年9月27日至10月1日的北京-天津-河北地区一次秋季严重灰霾过程。结果表明,考虑气溶胶辐射反馈的双向耦合模式模拟的气象要素和细颗粒物(PM2.5)浓度与观测结果更为一致。灰霾期间,气溶胶直接辐射效应显著改变了边界层气象要素,北京-天津-河北地区地面接收的太阳短波辐射减少25%,2 m高度的温度平均下降1°C,湍流动能下降20%,10 m高度的风速降低超过0.2 m/s,边界层高度下降25%,使得边界层大气更加静稳,进而造成了重污染地区污染进一步加剧,如石家庄近地面细颗粒物浓度增加可达30%。分析表明灰霾与边界层气象要素之间存在一种正反馈机制,采用该机制的双向耦合模式有利于准确模拟和预报灰霾污染过程。展开更多
A series of NiO/SiO2 aerogel catalysts were prepared by sol gel method. The effects of the nickel content on the structure and existing forms of NiO/SiO2 aerogel catalysts were investigated by using XRD, TPR and FT IR...A series of NiO/SiO2 aerogel catalysts were prepared by sol gel method. The effects of the nickel content on the structure and existing forms of NiO/SiO2 aerogel catalysts were investigated by using XRD, TPR and FT IR. The results showed that there were interactions between NiO and SiO2. But as nickel content increased, the interaction decreased. The nickel oxide in the catalysts appeared in different forms as nickel content was changed. When the content was less than 13%, Ni? entered into the SiO2 structure completely and it became clusters after calcining. If the content altered from 20% to 50%, NiO existed as both microcrystal and clusters, the later spices was dominating. However, when the content increased to 70%, microcrystal became the primary components.展开更多
文摘采用环境烟雾箱模拟实验,在近大气条件下研究了α-蒎烯气相臭氧氧化反应.通过气体与气溶胶膜采样进样口FIGAERO(Filter Inlet for Gas and AEROsols)与高分辨率飞行时间化学电离质谱(HRTo F-CIMS)联用对颗粒相产物进行了鉴别,鉴别结果表明,颗粒相产物中浓度最高的是蒎酮醛,其它主要产物包括蒎酮酸、蒎醛酸、降蒎酮酸、降蒎醛酸和蒎酸.采用扫描电迁移率粒径谱仪(SMPS)、气溶胶质量分析仪(APM)与云凝结核计数器(CCNC)联用考察了臭氧氧化反应生成的二次有机气溶胶(SOA)的粒径谱分布、密度、产率以及云凝结核活性发现,随着臭氧氧化反应的进行,SOA的密度、质量浓度以及云凝结核活性均呈上升趋势.同时研究了重要的大气物种SO2对α-蒎烯臭氧氧化反应的影响,实验结果表明,SO2能大大促进气溶胶成核,气溶胶数浓度、质量浓度和产率均提高,同时云凝结核活性也显著增强,其可能的机制是反应中稳定化的Criegee中间体与SO2反应生成硫酸.
文摘为解析大气污染物与气象的双向反馈机制及其对气象和环境的影响,建立基于Mie散射理论的气溶胶—光学性质模块,研制气象-化学双向耦合器,以嵌套网格空气质量预报模式NAQPMS(Nested Air Quality Prediction Modeling System)为基础,建立了NAQPMS和中尺度气象模式WRF(Weather Research and Forecasting Model)的双向耦合模式(WRF-NAQPMS)。利用此模式数值模拟了2013年9月27日至10月1日的北京-天津-河北地区一次秋季严重灰霾过程。结果表明,考虑气溶胶辐射反馈的双向耦合模式模拟的气象要素和细颗粒物(PM2.5)浓度与观测结果更为一致。灰霾期间,气溶胶直接辐射效应显著改变了边界层气象要素,北京-天津-河北地区地面接收的太阳短波辐射减少25%,2 m高度的温度平均下降1°C,湍流动能下降20%,10 m高度的风速降低超过0.2 m/s,边界层高度下降25%,使得边界层大气更加静稳,进而造成了重污染地区污染进一步加剧,如石家庄近地面细颗粒物浓度增加可达30%。分析表明灰霾与边界层气象要素之间存在一种正反馈机制,采用该机制的双向耦合模式有利于准确模拟和预报灰霾污染过程。
文摘A series of NiO/SiO2 aerogel catalysts were prepared by sol gel method. The effects of the nickel content on the structure and existing forms of NiO/SiO2 aerogel catalysts were investigated by using XRD, TPR and FT IR. The results showed that there were interactions between NiO and SiO2. But as nickel content increased, the interaction decreased. The nickel oxide in the catalysts appeared in different forms as nickel content was changed. When the content was less than 13%, Ni? entered into the SiO2 structure completely and it became clusters after calcining. If the content altered from 20% to 50%, NiO existed as both microcrystal and clusters, the later spices was dominating. However, when the content increased to 70%, microcrystal became the primary components.
