基于滑速比的气水两相流气相流量计算方法研究

目前对气水两相流的分相流量的研究中,多是针对两相流总流量和液相分相流量进行,对气相分相流量的研究很少.本文利用文丘里管和含气率传感器对空气水两相流气相流量计算方法进行了研究,在均相流模型基础上考虑了滑速比因素造成的影响,探讨了两相流气相流量计算方法。结果表明,该方法相对于传统的均相流模型在计算精度上得到了显著提高.

气相流量变化过程瞬态压力特性的试验研究

气液混输管道中常常出现由气相流量变化引发的瞬态过程,在接近现场管道的多相流环道上进行了气量变化的瞬态试验,讨论了瞬态压力特性。当气量突变后,压力波向下游传播,各点依次发生变化,变化趋势相同,而压力最大变化值沿线衰减,压力变化速率也递减。当突然增加气相流量时,管道压力突增,其峰值超过最终稳态压力值,在峰值附近有一段时间压力基本不变,随后压力降低,向终稳态发展,而突然减小气量,变化方向则相反。气量减小的瞬态过程时间长于气量增加的瞬态过程时间。小液量和大液量工况下的瞬态压力变化有所不同,两种情况下的过冲量沿线变化趋势相反。

基于层析成像的气液两相流相关流量测量方法

对电阻层析成像技术和图像的小波纹理特征进行了研究,提出一种基于层析成像的气液两相流相关流量测量方法,实现了液相流量的准确测量。利用电阻层析成像技术和相关算法对不同泡型下的相含率、渡越时间进行检测,得到气相流量;利用小波分析提取出层析成像的流型纹理特征;从而基于BP神经网络建立不同泡型下的气液两相流的相关流量测量模型。实验结果表明,液体流量的测量精度可以达到3%以内。

基于文丘里管的湿天然气在线计量技术研究与应用

为实现湿天然气的在线不分离计量,取代现有分离器的单独计量方式,在梳理湿天然气计量模型的基础上,通过CFD技术模拟单一气相、单一液相和等量气液两相流经文丘里管压差流量计时的压力分布和速度分布,考察不同气相流量和液相流量下的静压参数,以此计算虚高系数,并通过非线性拟合得到虚高系数与气相流量、液相流量和管道内压的关系,最后通过湿气流量计现场对比测试撬完成效果验证。结果表明:单一液相的轴向压降较小,气液两相在收缩段和喉道处的压降最大,单一气相流量计的计量结果存在虚高现象;气相和液相流量越大,虚高现象越明显,虚高流量值与实际值的差异越大;在线湿气流量计的气相计量误差范围为-0.8%~6.3%,液相计量误差范围为-22.1%~-0.3%,准确度基本满足现场计量需求,具有较高的实用价值。

平行流蒸发器内气液两相流分配均匀性实验研究

平行流蒸发器内气液两相(特别是液相)在各扁管间的分配对其传热性能影响较大,如果各扁管间的气液分配不均匀其传热性能将显著地下降。在不同气-液流量下实验研究了6种不同形式的平行流蒸发器的分支管液体流量分配情况,实验中观察到流型以环状流为主。研究发现,对于竖直向下流动和竖直向上流动,用通过增加管径的方法不能改善液体流量在各分支管的分配,而主管中气液入口的位置对于流量分配均匀性影响较大。

大牛地低产气井产气剖面测井资料解释方法探讨

当气井产量较低时,由于气相速度不足以将地层产水带出井筒,随着开发的时间推移,井筒内积液将不断增多,最终造成气井水淹,影响气井产能。文中建立了气携水状态下的力学模型,用于计算气携水流动状态下的气相流量,并根据井筒中上、中、下三段流型特征,提出了三段式气相流量计算方法。将该解释方法用于大牛地低产气井产气剖面测井资料的解释,结果表明新方法的解释结果和实际生产状况更吻合,提高了解释精度。

一种用于暗访检查的液化天然气加气机计量检测装置

本文研究了一种用于暗访检查的液化天然气加气机计量检测装置,该装置具有很强的隐蔽性,便于计量执法部门对液化天然气加气站进行暗访突击检查,及时查处针对液化天然气加气机的计量作弊行为。

基于内外管流量计与近红外探头的气液两相流测量系统研究

针对现有差压流量计节流件与外管连接不稳定的缺点，利用三维CFD流体仿真软件，对差压流量计进行优化设计：在内管节流件与外管的管壁处增加相连的脊柱结构，该设计对内管节流件起到了支撑与固定的作用，减少了因装置震动产生的误差。在此基础上，搭建近红外探头，使之成为一个测量系统。针对环雾状流进行分析，在Chisholm模型基础上确定虚高测量模型，模型的相对标准偏差为3．61％，最终通过该模型求得单相气体质量流量。

Characteristics of a Flow Transducer Based on Polarized Charge

In this paper we analyze the characteristics of a flow transducer based on polarized charge. The effects of the charged particles in pneumatic pipeline on the measurement pipe potential are discussed in detail and the equivalent circuits of the potential measurement are presented. On this bases, the relationships between mass flowrate and the electrical potential are obtained for different time constants of the measurement circuit. A satisfactory model is presented based on the characteristics of gas solid two phase flow. The linearity of the model is verified by the experiment results. The transducer, which is coaxially connected with the transport pipeline, does not disturb the flow state and has the features of ruggedness and durability, it is especially suitable for industry process control.

Voidage Measurement of Gas-Oil Two-phase Flow

A new method for the voidage measurement of gas-oil two-phase flow was proposed.The voidage measurement was implemented by the identification of flow pattern and a flow pattern specific voidage measure- ment model.The flow pattern identification was achieved by combining the fuzzy pattern recognition technique and the crude cross-sectional image reconstructed by the simple back projection algorithm.The genetic algorithm and the partial least square method were applied to develop the voidage measurement models.Experimental results show that the proposed method is effective.It can overcome the influence of flow pattern on the voidage measure- ment,and also has the advantages of simplicity and speediness.

Identification Method of Gas-Liquid Two-phase Flow Regime Based on Image Multi-feature Fusion and Support Vector Machine

The knowledge of flow regime is very important for quantifying the pressure drop, the stability and safety of two-phase flow systems. Based on image multi-feature fusion and support vector machine, a new method to identify flow regime in two-phase flow was presented. Firstly, gas-liquid two-phase flow images including bub- bly flow, plug flow, slug flow, stratified flow, wavy flow, annular flow and mist flow were captured by digital high speed video systems in the horizontal tube. The image moment invariants and gray level co-occurrence matrix texture features were extracted using image processing techniques. To improve the performance of a multiple classifier system, the rough sets theory was used for reducing the inessential factors. Furthermore, the support vector machine was trained by using these eigenvectors to reduce the dimension as flow regime samples, and the flow regime intelligent identification was realized. The test results showed that image features which were reduced with the rough sets theory could excellently reflect the difference between seven typical flow regimes, and successful training the support vector machine could quickly and accurately identify seven typical flow regimes of gas-liquid two-phase flow in the horizontal tube. Image multi-feature fusion method provided a new way to identify the gas-liquid two-phase flow, and achieved higher identification ability than that of single characteristic. The overall identification accuracy was 100%, and an estimate of the image processing time was 8 ms for online flow regime identification.

Hydrodynamic Behavior in a Rotating Zigzag Bed

As a high gravity(HIGEE)unit,the rotating packed bed(RPB)uses centrifugal force to intensify mass transfer.Zigzag rotating bed(RZB)is a new type of HIGEE unit.The rotor of RZB consists of stationary discs and rotating discs,forming zigzag channels for liquid-gas flow and mass transfer.As in RPBs,some hydrodynamic behavior in RZB is interesting but no satisfactory explanation.In this study,the experiments were carried on in a RZB unit with a rotor of 600 mm in diameter using air-water system.The gas pressure drop and power consumption were measured with two types of rotating baffle for RZB rotors,one with perforations and another with shutter openings. The circumferential velocities of gas were measured with a five-hole Pitot probe.The pressure drop decreased rapidly when the liquid was introduced to the rotor,because the circumferential velocity of the liquid droplets was lower than that of the gas,reducing the circumferential velocity of gas and the centrifugal pressure drop.The power consumption decreased first when the gas entered the RZB rotor,because the gas with higher circumferential velocity facilitates the rotation of baffles.

Spatial batch optimal design based on self-learning Gaussian process models for LPCVD processes

Low pressure chemical vapor deposition(LPCVD) is one of the most important processes during semiconductor manufacturing.However,the spatial distribution of internal temperature and extremely few samples makes it hard to build a good-quality model of this batch process.Besides,due to the properties of this process,the reliability of the model must be taken into consideration when optimizing the MVs.In this work,an optimal design strategy based on the self-learning Gaussian process model(GPM) is proposed to control this kind of spatial batch process.The GPM is utilized as the internal model to predict the thicknesses of thin films on all spatial-distributed wafers using the limited data.Unlike the conventional model based design,the uncertainties of predictions provided by GPM are taken into consideration to guide the optimal design of manipulated variables so that the designing can be more prudent Besides,the GPM is also actively enhanced using as little data as possible based on the predictive uncertainties.The effectiveness of the proposed strategy is successfully demonstrated in an LPCVD process.

Time-Frequency Signal Processing for Gas-Liquid Two Phase Flow Through a Horizontal Venturi Based on Adaptive Optimal-Kernel Theory

A time-frequency signal processing method for two-phase flow through a horizontal Venturi based on adaptive optimal-kernel （AOK） was presented in this paper.First,the collected dynamic differential pressure signal of gas-liquid two-phase flow was preprocessed,and then the AOK theory was used to analyze the dynamic differ-ential pressure signal.The mechanism of two-phase flow was discussed through the time-frequency spectrum.On the condition of steady water flow rate,with the increasing of gas flow rate,the flow pattern changes from bubbly flow to slug flow,then to plug flow,meanwhile,the energy distribution of signal fluctuations show significant change that energy transfer from 15-35 Hz band to 0-8 Hz band;moreover,when the flow pattern is slug flow,there are two wave peaks showed in the time-frequency spectrum.Finally,a number of characteristic variables were defined by using the time-frequency spectrum and the ridge of AOK.When the characteristic variables were visu-ally analyzed,the relationship between different combination of characteristic variables and flow patterns would be gotten.The results show that,this method can explain the law of flow in different flow patterns.And characteristic variables,defined by this method,can get a clear description of the flow information.This method provides a new way for the flow pattern identification,and the percentage of correct prediction is up to 91.11%.

DNS analysis of incipient drop impact dynamics using an accurate level set method

A series of 2D direct numerical simulations were performed with an accurate level set method for single drop impacts.The adopted ACLS method was validated to be efficient with perfect mass conservation in both normal and oblique impacts.A square-root correction for neck bases was modified in accuracy as well as scope of applications.In addition,process of jet formation and evolution was studied to reveal internal dynamics in drop impacts.It's found that pressure gradient and vortex are coexisting and completive reasons for jet topology while the inclined angle has a significant effect on them.Mechanisms of jet formation and evolution are different in the front and back necks.With the help of PDF distribution and correction calculation,a compromise in the competition is observed.This work lays a solid foundation for further studies of dynamics in gas-liquid flows.

A New Method for Measurement of Local Solid Flux in Gas-Solid Two-phase Flow

Previous works have shown that the suction probe cannot be used to accurately measure the upward and downward particle fluxes independently. A new method using a single optical probe to measure the local solid flux is presented. The measurement of upward, downward and net solid fluxes was carried out in a cold model circulating fluidized bed (CFB) unit. The result shows that the profile of the net solid flux is in good agreement with the previous experimental data measured with a suction probe. The comparison between the average solid flux determined with the optical measuring system and the external solid flux was made, and the maximum deviationturned out to be 22%, with the average error being about 6.9%. These confirm that the optical fiber system can be successfully used to measure the upward, downward and net solid fluxes simultaneously by correctly processing the sampling signals obtained from the optical measuring system.

Investigation on Liquid Holdup in Vertical Zero Net-Liquid Flow

Zero net-liquid flow (ZNLF) is a special case of upward gas-liquid two-phase flow. It is a phenomenon observed as a gas-liquid mixture flows in a conduit but the net liquid flow rate is zero. Investigation on the liquid holdup of ZNLF is conducted in a vertical ten-meter tube with diameter of 76 mm, both for Newtonian and nonNewtonian fluids. The gas phase is air. The Newtonian fluid is water and the non-Newtonian fluids are water-based guar gel solutions. The correlations developed for predicting liquid holdup on the basis of Lockhart-Martinelli parameter are not suitable to ZNLF. A constitutive correlation for the liquid holdup of vertical ZNLF was put forward by using the mass balance. It is found that the liquid holdup in ZNLF is dependent on both the gas flow rate and the flow distribution coefficient.

Model improvement and verification of ring electrostatic sensors

Accurate measurement of flow parameters is important in gas-solid two-phase flow,and such flow has to be dealt with in many processes involving bulk solids handling and transportation.The circular electrostatic sensor is one of those used for gas-solid flow measurement.In this paper,the finite element method(FEM)is used to establish the mathematical model of the sensor,the spatial sensitivity characteristics of the sensors is analyzed,and the analytic model is improved by the nonlinear least square method and the iterative method.Finally,the correlation coefficients between the experimental results and the improved processing are compared and analyzed,and the mathematical expression of the model is improved.The feasibility and practicability of the improved model are verified.

Numerical Simulations on Countercurrent Gas-Liquid Flow in a PWR Hot Leg with Air-Water Flow in a 1/15th Scale-Model

To clarify the countercurrent flow in a PWR hot leg under reflux condensation, numerical simulations of countercurrent air-water flow for a 1/15th scale model of the PWR hot leg were conducted using the two-fluid model implemented in CFD software. In this paper, the effect of expansion of the inclined pipe, which is the actual plant geometry, was evaluated. When increasing the air velocity, CCFL characteristics and the mechanism of flow pattern transition had significant differences between the case with and without expansion of the inclined pipe. CCFL characteristics were mitigated in the case with expansion. The effect of computational grid size was also discussed. When the supplied water velocity was small, the predicted flow pattern transition point agreed well with the measured data by increasing the number of cells. On the other hand, when the air velocity was decreasing, there were no significant differences in each case.

高炉喷煤单支管计量技术

现代高炉喷煤都采用气力输送技术，随着高炉喷煤煤比的提高，喷煤单支管的计量就显得更加重要。本文介绍单支管计量的国内外技术动态、差压式气固两相流量计的原理及其在上钢一厂等现场的使用情况。