与兰茂牛肝菌菌丝生长相关的潜在小分子物质分析

兰茂牛肝菌(Lanmaoa asiatica)为云南名贵的野生食用外生菌根真菌,在纯培养条件下菌丝生长极其缓慢.为进一步了解与兰茂牛肝菌纯培养菌丝生长相关的物质,同时运用核磁共振(^(1)H NMR)、气相色谱−质谱(GC-MS)和液相色谱−质谱(LC-MS)3种代谢组学技术,分析纯培养35 d的菌丝体(J35)及其着生组织块(Z35)的小分子差异物质.研究结果表明,Z35与J35比较,有232个差异物质,其中谷氨酸等131个物质显著或极显著上调,而且4-氨基丁酸、琥珀酸、延胡索酸等12个物质仅在菌丝体中检测到.131个上调的物质富集到了26条通路,其中影响最大的是丙氨酸、天冬氨酸和谷氨酸通路,丁酸通路,甘氨酸、丝氨酸和苏氨酸通路.谷氨酸是链接3条通路的枢纽物质,4-氨基丁酸、琥珀酸、延胡索酸是丁酸通路的3大关键物质.丁酸通路是各条通路的核心,谷氨酸、4-氨基丁酸、琥珀酸、延胡索酸通过丁酸通路进入到营养代谢的中心(TCA循环),为菌丝的生长提供营养物质.谷氨酸等232个差异物质,对菌丝体生长可能起着一定的调控及促进作用.以上研究为兰茂牛肝菌的人工培养提供了一定的理论基础.

木蝴蝶不同部位挥发油化学成分GC-MS分析

【目的】研究木蝴蝶不同部位化学成分组成及相对含量,为木蝴蝶药用成分开发以及药理评价提供理论依据。【方法】以木蝴蝶为试验材料,利用GC-MS技术分析其须根、主根、根基部、茎一、茎二、侧枝一、侧枝二和果实8个不同部位挥发油的化学成分。【结果】木蝴蝶挥发油的主要化学成分是醇类、酚类、酮类和醛类,其中含量最多是醇类物质,在木蝴蝶8个部位均有发现且相对含量较高;部分木蝴蝶部位中发现了该部位特有的或者较其他部位相对含量明显高的物质,如茎一挥发油中的L-丙氨酸、侧枝一中的羟基脲、侧枝二中的苄醇以及果实中的1-金刚烷乙胺和二甲胺。【结论】研究结果为木蝴蝶化学成分提取利用提供了理论依据。

Chemical composition and anti-MRSA activity of the essential oil from Chinese eaglewood

To analyze the constituents of essential oil from Chinese eaglewood [resinous wood of Aquilaria sinensis （Lour.） Gilg] and its anti-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus （MRSA） activity. The essential oil was extracted by water-steam distillation and analyzed by GC/MS method. The relative contents of the compounds were determined by normalization. The compounds were characterized by NIST05 and WILEY275L database matching and comparison of their MS spectra with those of literature data. Antibacterial activity of the oil was assayed by the filter paper disc agar diffusion method. The oil showed significant antibacterial activity against MRSA. Sixty-six chromatographic peaks were detected, among them thirty compounds comprising 59.80% of the total essential oil were characterized. Twenty-six compounds comprising 54.26% of the oil were identified as sesquiterpenes. β-Agarofuran （8.96%）, kusunol （7.82%）, （-）-jinkoh-eremol （5.04%）, agarospirol （4.53%）, baimuxifuranic acid （4.09%） were the major sesquiterpenes. Four nor-sesquiterpenes and some other sesquiterpenes, such as 10-epi-γ-eudesmol, α-agarofuran, epi-ligulyl oxide, etc. were detected in Chinese eaglewood oil for the first time. This is the first report about anti-MRSA activity of Chinese eaglewood oil from A. sinensis.

Chemical Compositions of Volatile Oil from Fruiting Body of Armillaria luteo-virens

The chemical compositions of volatile oil from fruiting body of Armillaria luteo-virens in Qinghai Province were firstly analyzed with GC-MS and its relevant compositions were detected by calculating chromatographic peak area with normalized method. 21 peaks were separated and 13 compositions were identified which were mainly unsaturated fatty acids, taking 97.1% of the total volatile oil.

Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Essential Oil from Dry Rhizome of Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort and Their Characterization by GC/MS

Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) of essential oil from dry rhizome ofLigusticum chuanxiong Hort was developed. GC/MS was used for the determination of the composition ofessential oil. Forty-four compounds were identified. The conventional extraction method wasconducted in parallel for comparison. The extracts were qualitatively compared by GC/MS. The yieldsof SFE and steam distillation-extraction were 4.16 % ( v/w) and 0.8 % ( v/w), respectively.Application of SFE of zessential oil from dry rhizome of Ligustiaan chuanxiong Hort was preferable.

GC-MS Analysis of Essential Oil Constituents from Rhizome and Root of Notopterygium forbesii

Aim To analyse the chemical constituents of the essential oil extracted from the rhizome and root of Notopterygium forbesii Boiss. and provide scientific basis for quality control. Methods The total essential oil was extracted by water-steam distillation and separated by capillary gas chromatography (GC). The components were determined by normalization method, and identified by GC-MS. Results GC-MS exhibited 217 peaks and 100 compounds were identified, accounting for 78.3% of the total essential oil. Conclu...

Analysis of Volatile Constituents in Lonicera japonica Thunb. from Different Origins by GC-MS

[Objective] This study aimed to analyze the volatile constituents in Lonicera japonica Thunb. from different origins. [Method] HP-5MS capillary columns were used and column temperature was controlled by a program. MS analysis was performed with EI and quadruple mass analyzer. The volatile constituents in L. japonica Thunb. were identified by NIST02 and Wiley275 libraries, and their relative contents were determined with chromatographic peak area normalization method. [Result] According to GC-MS total ion-current chromatograms, 35 volatile constituents were identified in L. japonica Thunb. from Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, mainly including methyl linolenate, n-hexadecanoic acid and ζ-muurolene; 18 volatile constituents were identified in L. japonica Thunb. from Hunan Province, mainly including n-hexadecanoic acid, linoleic acid and α-curcumene. [Conclusion] Main volatile constituents in L. japonica Thunb. from two different origins varied significantly.

Analysis for the Volatile Secondary Metabolites of Mortierella alpina

[ Objective] The study was to investigate the volatile components of secondary metabolites from M. alpine producing arachidonic acid and explore the changes in its metabolic pathway. [ Method] The air above M. alpine broth was extracted by solid-phase microextraction（SPME） during the post-exponential phase of growth and analyzed by GC-MS. [Result] 13 compounds were identified, 12 of which were sesquiterpenes with C15H24 formula and accounting for 99.62% of the complete compounds. Thujopsene-（ 12）, α-Guaiene and Aristolene were three most sesquiterpenes accounting for 10.66%, 33.69% and 34.85% of total content respectively. It can be sufficiently certified that sesquiterpene metabolic pathway existing in M. alpine. [ Coclusion] Metabolic flux of sesquiterpene pathway increased to improve its mass accumulation, because one or several key enzyme genes mutation in isoprene or sesquiterpene pathway enhanced their activities during induction of mutation from initial strain.

GC-MS Analysis of Essential Oil Constituents from Buds of Tussilago farfara L.

Aim To analyse the constituents of the essential oils extracted from the buds of Tussilago farfara L. in the GAP Bases of Traditional Chinese Medical Materials and provide scientific basis for quality control. Methods The essential oils were extracted by water-steam distillation and separated by GC capillary column chromatography. The components were quantitatively determined by normalization, and identified by GC-MS. Results GC-MS exhibited 259 peaks and 65 compounds were identified, accounting for 84.62% of the total essential oil. Conclusion In the total essential oil contained in the buds of Tussilago farfara L., copaene （2.36%）, （ ＋ ） -Epi-bicyclosesquiphellandrene （ 3.91% ）, γ- elemene （2.18%）, fl-bisabolene （ 13.93% ）, spathulenol （ 3.44% ） as the sesquiterpenes and its derivatives, and 1-undecene （4.83%）, （ E）-cycloundecene （8.49%）, bicycle [ 10. 1.0] tridec-l-ene （ 1. 45% ）, 1-tridecene （3.44%）, （Z）-7,11-dimethyl-3-methylene-1,6,10-dodecatriene （2.66%）, 1- pentadecene （4.57%）, [ 1R-（ 1R^＊, 4Z, 9S^＊ ） ]-4,11,11-trimethyl-8-methylene-bicyclo [ 7.2.0] undec-4-ene （ 1.03% ）, 6,6-dimethyl-2-methylene-7-（ 3-oxobutylidene ）-oxepan-3-ylmethyl acetic acid ester （2.02%）, 1, E-11, Z-13-heptadecatriene （ 3.72% ）, （ Z, Z, Z） -9,12,15-octadecatrien-l-ol （ 1.85% ）, 3,7,11-trimethyl-dodeca-2,4,6,10-tetraenal （ 1.31% ）, n-hexadecanoic acid （ 3.12% ） , （Z, Z） -9,12-octadecadienoic acid （2.26%）, （ Z, Z, Z） -9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid methyl ester （ 1.12% ） , heneicosane （ 1.82% ）, and pentacosane （ 1.03% ） are the main components.

GC-MS Analysis of Essential Oil Constituents from Rhizome and Root of Notopterygium incisum

Aim To analyse the chemical constituents of the essential oil extracted from the rhizome and root of Notopterygium incisum Ting ex H.T. Chang, providing scientific basis for quality control. Methods The total essential oil was extracted by water-steam distillation and separated by capillary gas chromatography （GC）. The components were determined by normalization method, and identified by GC-MS. Results GC-MS exhibited 242 peaks and 83 compounds were identified, accounting for 75.77% of the total essential oil. Conclusion In the total essential oil of the rhizome and root of N. incisum, monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes accounted for 13.63% and 67.93%, respectively, in which （ 1S）-β-pinene （ 1.67% ）, 3-carene （ 1.05% ）, limonene （ 1.22% ）, and 1S-endo-bornyl acetate （ 1.68% ） as the monoterpenes and its derivatives, and （ ＋ ） -β-elemene （6.78%）, sativene （1.54%）, α-caryophyllene （2.64%）, germacrene D （1.67%）, eudesma-4 （ 14 ）, ll-diene （2.36%）, α-selinene （2.42%）, δ-cadinene （ 1.55% ）, 3,7,11-trimethyl-2,6,10-dodecatrien-1-ol （1.03%）, （ ＋ ）-elemol （5.18%）, （-）-spathulenol （1.40%）, guaiol （3.81%）, dehydroxy-isocalamendiol （ 1.06% ）, γ-eudesmol （ 1.05% ）, α-eudesmol （7.97%）, bulnesol （3.09%）, and carotol （2. 30% ） as the sesquiterpenes and its derivatives were main components. In addition, isopropyl transcinnamate was the maximum compound （ 11.3% ） of the total essential oil.

Leaf Volatiles Induced by Mechanical Damage from Diverse Taxonomic Tree Species

Plant volatiles induced by wounding play key roles in plant-insect and plant-plant interactions. To deeply understand the mechanism of their induction by wounding and their functions in interplant communications, four diverse tree species: ashleaf maples ( Acer negundo L.), hankow willow (Salix matsudana Koidz.), Chinese white poplar ( Populus tomentosa Carr.) and poplar opera 8277 (P. simonii x P. pyramibalis cv.), were used as materials. The blends of volatiles collected after damage were detected with GCMS. Most of the induced compounds reach high concentrations in 5 h. They are acyclic monoterpenes, fatty acid derivatives, and aromatic compounds. To authors' knowledge, dimethyl adipate, diisobutyl succinate and benthothiazole have never been reported in previous herbivore insect-plant systems, After being damaged 2 h, green leaf volatiles were released in large amount. The repellents were detected in higher concentration after 24 h. The time of releasing is different within different species, but many kinds of volatiles widely existed in different trees. There were some difference among species. Health ashleaf maple released more terpenoids, but poplars and willow produced more aromatic compounds.

Analysis of Active Components of Hexane Extractives of Morus alba Leaves

[Objective]The aim was to explore the active compound of Morus alba leaves with the analysis of active components of hexane extractives of M.alba leaves.[Method]Antibacterial assays of hexane extractives of M.alba leaves were done and the volatile components of hexane extractives of M.alba leaves with the strongest antibacterial activity were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry（GC-MS）.[Result]The results of inhibitory effect of hexane extractives of M.alba leaves on Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli showed that hexane extractives of M.alba leaves collected in June,July and August had antibacterial activity against S.aureus and had no antibacterial effect against E.coli.Furthermore,hexane extractives of M.alba leaves collected in June had the strongest antibacterial activity against S.aureus（inhibition diameter 10.95 mm）.The hexane extractives of M.alba leaves collected in June was analyzed by GC-MS,the main volatile components were tetradecane（16.76%）,dodecane（13.20%）,diisobutyl phthalate（10.26%）,decane（9.10%）,hexadecane（8.71%）,linolenyl alcohol（7.25%）,octadecane（5.88%）,eicosane（3.26%）,dibutyl phthalate（2.59%）.[Conclusion]Linolenyl alcohol was the potential antibacterial compound.

Composition of Essential Oils of Morus alba Leaves and Chamaecyparis pisifera Outer Heartwood

[Objective] The aim was to explore the composition of essential oils of Morus alba leaves and Chamaecyparis pisifera outer heartwood. [Method] The essential oils of M. alba leaves and C. pisifera outer heartwood were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,respectively. [Result] Alcohols [phytol （59.47%,extracted 3 h for M. alba leaves）,α-cadinol （38.77%,extracted 6 h for C. pisifera outer heartwood）] were their first principal volatile components. Phytol was usually used as pharmaceutical raw material and α-cadinol was a kind of active organic compound with antibacterial function. [Conclusion] The essential oils of M. alba leaves and C. pisifera outer heartwood with hydrodistillation have medicinal value.

GC-MS Analysis of Essential oil and n-Hexane Extract from Moso Bamboo

[Objective] This study aimed to analyze the chemical composition and yield of essential oil and n-hexane extract from moso bamboo to find active compounds with potential value. [Method] Essential oil and n-hexane extract were respectively extracted from moso bamboo of four different ages by using hydrodistillation and ultrasonic-assisted extraction with n-hexane, and analyzed with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry （GC/MS）. [Result] The results show that cedrol （46.39%） is the first principal volatile component in essential oil of the middle stem of 7-year old moso bamboo; dibutyl phthalate （59.46%） is the first principal volatile component in n-hexane extract of the middle stem of 3-year old moso bamboo; yield of n-hexane extract is higher than that of essential oil from moso bamboo. [Conclusion] Cedrol is an active compound with potential value.

Determination of 10 Pyrethroids Pesticide Residues in Rice by GC-MS-MS

[Objective] A method was developed for the determination of 10 pyrethroids pesticide residues in rice by GC-MS-MS. [Method] Pyrethroids were extracted with acetonitrile, followed by a salting-out step with anhydrous magnesium sulfate and sodium chloride, cleaned up by florisil solid phase extraction （SPE） cartridge, and determined by multiple reaction monitoring mode. [Result] The method showed good linearity over the range of 0.010-0.500 mg/L for 10 pyrethroid pesticide with correlation coefficients over 0.99. The detection limits were 0.005 -0.010 mg/kg. The method was validated by analyzing samples spiked with 0.05, 0.10, 0.20 mg/kg of 10 pyrethroid pesticides, respectively. The average recoveries in rice ranged from 75.0-115.5%, and the relative standard deviations （RSD） were between 3.9%-6.9%. [Conclusion] The method is easy, accurate and reliable, which can meet the requirement for the simultaneous determination and confirmation of pyrethroid pesticide residues in rice.

Pyrolysis-Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry for Microstructure and Pyrolysis Pathway of Polyester-Polyether Multiblock Copolymer

The composition and sequence distribution of monomeric units in polyester polyether multiblock copolymer were studied by pyrolysis? gas chromatography (PGC) and pyrolysis gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (PGC/MS). PGC was applied to study the F t curve of the multiblock copolymer and PGC/MS was used to separate and identify the pyrolyzates. DTA experiment was used to study the decomposition temperature. The results show that the beginning point of elastomer’s decomposition was about 300?℃ and the decomposition temperature of most of the sample was 550?℃. Many pyrolyzates were produced because of the breaking of weak bonds in the sample. The possible microstructure was verified and the pyrolysis pathway of the copolymer was investigated.

Analysis of Volatile Constituents in Bamboo Leaves Using HS-GC/MS

[Objective] This study aimed to analyze the volatile constituents in bamboo leaves. [Method] The volatile compositions in bamboo leaves were analyzed by headspace-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （HS-GC/MS）, and identified by searching their mass spectra in NIST database. The relative percentages of them were calculated by the GC peak areas. [Result] Fifty-three chemical constituents in bamboo leaves were separated. Among them, the main components were alcohols, ketones and aldehydes, and these compounds contained unsaturated bonds. [Con- clusion] HS-GC/MS was simple and less sample-demanding and can be used for rapid analysis of volatile constituents in bamboo leaves and provide scientific basis for further research and development of bamboo leaves.

Prediction of gastric cancer metastasis through urinary metabolomic investigation using GC/MS

AIM:To gain new insights into tumor metabolism and to identify possible biomarkers with potential diagnostic values to predict tumor metastasis.METHODS:Human gastric cancer SGC-7901 cells were implanted into 24 severe combined immune deficiency (SCID) mice,which were randomly divided into metastasis group (n=8),non-metastasis group (n=8),and normal group (n=8).Urinary metabolomic information was obtained by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS).RESULTS:There were significant metabolic differences among the three groups (t test,P < 0.05).Ten selected metabolites were different between normal and cancer groups (non-metastasis and metastasis groups),and seven metabolites were also different between non-metastasis and metastasis groups.Two diagnostic models for gastric cancer and metastasis were constructed respectively by the principal component analysis (PCA).These PCA models were confirmed by corresponding receiver operating characteristic analysis (area under the curve=1.00).CONCLUSION:The urinary metabolomic profile is different,and the selected metabolites might be instructive to clinical diagnosis or screening metastasis for gastric cancer.

Identification of Odor Volatile Compounds and Deodorization ofPaphia undulata Enzymatic Hydrolysate

Unfavorable fishy odour is an inevitable problem in aquatic products. In the present study, headspace solid-phase mi- croextraction gas chromatography mass spectrometry （HS-SPME-GC-MS） analysis of volatiles from untreated samples and three deodorized samples （under the optimal conditions） ofPaphia undulata enzymatic hydrolysate revealed that the compounds contrib- uting to the distinctive odor were 1-octen-3-ol, n-hexanal, n-heptanal, 2,4-heptadienal, and 2,4-decadienal, whereas n-pentanal, n-octanal, n-octanol, benzaldehyde, 2-ethylfuran and 2-pentylfuran were the main contributors to the aromatic flavor. The deodoriz- ing effects of activated carbon （AC） adsorption, yeast extract （YE） masking and tea polyphenol （TP） treatment on a P. undulata en- zymatic hydrolysate were investigated using orthogonal experiments with sensory evaluation as the index. The following optimized deodorization conditions were obtained： AC adsorption （35 mg mL-1, 80℃, 40 rain）, YE masking （7 mgmL l, 45 ℃, 30 min） and TP treatment （0.4mgmL-l, 40℃, 50min）. AC adsorption effectively removed off-flavor volatile aldehydes and ketones. YE masking modified the odor profile by increasing the relative contents of aromatic compounds and decreasing the relative contents of aldehydes and ketones. The TP treatment was not effective in reducing the odor score, but it significantly reduced the relative content of alde- hydes while increasing that of alkanes. It is also notable that TP effectively suppressed trimethylamine （TMA） formation in a P. un- dulate hydrolysate solution for a period of 72 h.

Group separation of coal components and new ideas of coal utilization as petroleum

Four different groups of components were separated from coal under mild conditions of extraction and stripping process. Within these groups, and with pre-separation, individual utilization of all coal components can be realized, similar to petroleum components and enhance the inherent value and utilization value of coal, as well as increase environmental benefits. The characteristics of each component were analyzed with measurements by FTIR, GC/MS, TEM and the establishment of caking properties. The results show that coal can be separated into residues, ultra-pure coal, asphaltene components and light components by adding solvents for stripping into the CS2/NMP mixed extraction solution. Those four groups of components present great differences in the presence of carbon and hydrogen elements, in the structure of functional groups, in their macroscopic structure and micro-morphology and caking properties. Every component possesses its own inherent values and approaches. A new idea of coal processes and utilization, similar to the use of petroleum is proposed.