As the only alkaline gas in the atmosphere,ammonia could react with sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides to form the secondary particles.A large amount of NH3 in the atmosphere accelerates the rate of formation of fine ...As the only alkaline gas in the atmosphere,ammonia could react with sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides to form the secondary particles.A large amount of NH3 in the atmosphere accelerates the rate of formation of fine particles;it therefore plays an important role in haze pollution.Livestock and poultry farming and nitrogen fertilizer application are the two main NH3 emission sources.Jiangsu Province contributes the largest proportion of NH3 emissions from agriculture in key areas of national air pollution control in China.The aims of this study are to investigate NH3 emissions from agriculture in Jiangsu Province using the emissions factor method,and analyze and summarize the characteristics and trends of NH3 emissions from 2000 to 2017.Results show that the NH3 emissions from agriculture in Jiangsu Province from 2000 to 2017 were mainly contributed by livestock and poultry farming(78.08%)and nitrogen fertilizer application(21.92%).Furthermore,a general fluctuation trend of an initial decrease and then an increase,of NH3 emissions from agriculture,could be found from 2000 to 2012,with minimum NH3 emissions in 2007(708.76 kt yr−1)and maximum emissions in 2012(837.64 kt yr−1);and then a decreasing trend was apparent from 2012(837.64 kt yr−1)to 2017(690.64 kt yr−1).A detailed estimation of the interannual trends and potential measures are also proposed.This study provides a solid theoretical foundation for the development of NH3 emissions control in Jiangsu Province.展开更多
Tillage and fertilization practices used in row crop production are thought to alter greenhouse gas emissions from soil. This study was conducted to determine the impact of fertilizer sources, land management practice...Tillage and fertilization practices used in row crop production are thought to alter greenhouse gas emissions from soil. This study was conducted to determine the impact of fertilizer sources, land management practices, and fertilizer placement methods on greenhouse gas （CO2, CH4, and N2O） emissions. A new prototype implement developed for applying poultry litter in subsurface bands in the soil was used in this study. The field site was located at the Sand Mountain Research and Extension Center in the Appalachian Plateau region of northeast Alabama, USA, on a Hartsells fine sandy loam （fine-loamy, siliceous, subactive, thermic Typic Hapludults）. Measurements of carbon dioxide （CO2）, methane （CH4）, and nitrous oxide （N20） emissions followed GRACEnet （greenhouse gas reduction through agricultural carbon enhancement network） protocols to assess the effects of different tillage （conventional vs. no-tillage） and fertilizer placement （subsurface banding vs. surface application） practices in a corn （Zea mays L.） cropping system. Fertilizer sources were urea-ammonium nitrate （UAN）, ammonium nitrate （AN） and poultry litter （M） applied at a rate of 170 kg ha^（-1） of available N. Banding of fertilizer resulted in the greatest concentration of gaseous loss （CO2 and N2O） compared to surface applications of fertilizer. Fertilizer banding increased CO2 and N2O loss on various sampling days throughout the season with poultry litter banding emitting more gas than UAN banding. Conventional tillage practices also resulted in a higher concentration of CO2 and N2O loss when evaluating tillage by sampling day. Throughout the course of this study, CH4 flux was not affected by tillage, fertilizer source, or fertilizer placement method. These results suggest that poultry litter use and banding practices have the potential to increase greenhouse gas emissions.展开更多
基金This study was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant numbers 41771291 and 21806080]the Jiangsu Specially-Appointed Professor Program,the Six Talent Peaks Project in Jiangsu Province[grant number NY-083]the Startup Foundation for Introducing Talent of NUIST,and the Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program for College Students in Jiangsu Province.
文摘As the only alkaline gas in the atmosphere,ammonia could react with sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides to form the secondary particles.A large amount of NH3 in the atmosphere accelerates the rate of formation of fine particles;it therefore plays an important role in haze pollution.Livestock and poultry farming and nitrogen fertilizer application are the two main NH3 emission sources.Jiangsu Province contributes the largest proportion of NH3 emissions from agriculture in key areas of national air pollution control in China.The aims of this study are to investigate NH3 emissions from agriculture in Jiangsu Province using the emissions factor method,and analyze and summarize the characteristics and trends of NH3 emissions from 2000 to 2017.Results show that the NH3 emissions from agriculture in Jiangsu Province from 2000 to 2017 were mainly contributed by livestock and poultry farming(78.08%)and nitrogen fertilizer application(21.92%).Furthermore,a general fluctuation trend of an initial decrease and then an increase,of NH3 emissions from agriculture,could be found from 2000 to 2012,with minimum NH3 emissions in 2007(708.76 kt yr−1)and maximum emissions in 2012(837.64 kt yr−1);and then a decreasing trend was apparent from 2012(837.64 kt yr−1)to 2017(690.64 kt yr−1).A detailed estimation of the interannual trends and potential measures are also proposed.This study provides a solid theoretical foundation for the development of NH3 emissions control in Jiangsu Province.
基金Supported by the United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) fundsthe Alabama Wheat and Feed Grains Commodity Grant, USA
文摘Tillage and fertilization practices used in row crop production are thought to alter greenhouse gas emissions from soil. This study was conducted to determine the impact of fertilizer sources, land management practices, and fertilizer placement methods on greenhouse gas （CO2, CH4, and N2O） emissions. A new prototype implement developed for applying poultry litter in subsurface bands in the soil was used in this study. The field site was located at the Sand Mountain Research and Extension Center in the Appalachian Plateau region of northeast Alabama, USA, on a Hartsells fine sandy loam （fine-loamy, siliceous, subactive, thermic Typic Hapludults）. Measurements of carbon dioxide （CO2）, methane （CH4）, and nitrous oxide （N20） emissions followed GRACEnet （greenhouse gas reduction through agricultural carbon enhancement network） protocols to assess the effects of different tillage （conventional vs. no-tillage） and fertilizer placement （subsurface banding vs. surface application） practices in a corn （Zea mays L.） cropping system. Fertilizer sources were urea-ammonium nitrate （UAN）, ammonium nitrate （AN） and poultry litter （M） applied at a rate of 170 kg ha^（-1） of available N. Banding of fertilizer resulted in the greatest concentration of gaseous loss （CO2 and N2O） compared to surface applications of fertilizer. Fertilizer banding increased CO2 and N2O loss on various sampling days throughout the season with poultry litter banding emitting more gas than UAN banding. Conventional tillage practices also resulted in a higher concentration of CO2 and N2O loss when evaluating tillage by sampling day. Throughout the course of this study, CH4 flux was not affected by tillage, fertilizer source, or fertilizer placement method. These results suggest that poultry litter use and banding practices have the potential to increase greenhouse gas emissions.
