从气血论治浅谈

气血学说作为中医治疗疾病的一个重要的理论基础,是众多医家智慧的结晶,气血论治在治疗疾病中亦发挥着积极的作用。本文的目的在于强调气血学说对于治疗疾病的重要意义,倡导"气血和"的思想,而达到"百病不生"。

Study of serum level of sex hormones and expression of their receptors in patients with bronchogenic carcinoma

Objective: To study the serum level of estradiol, progesterone and testosterone (SEL, SPL and STL) and the expression of the receptors of estradiol and progesterone (ER and PR) in 53 cases of bronchogenic carcinoma. Methods: ER and PR in the tissue of the carcinoma were determined with enzyme-linked affinity histochemical method. SEL, SPL and STL were measured with double antibody radioimmunoassay. Results: Most of ER and PR were present in the cytoplasm of the malignant cells (58.2%) and the positive rates of ER and PR were 49.1% and 54.7% respectively. SEL and SPL were significantly higher in the patients with lung cancer than in the subjects of the control groups (P<0.05), no matter whether ER and PR were positive or negative. SEL and SPL were lower in the ER positive, PR positive and both ER and PR positive groups than in the ER negative, PR negative and both ER and PR negative groups. Conclusion: The existence of ER and PR in the patients with bronchogenic carcinoma indicates that the pathogenesis of bronchogenic carcinoma is sex hormone dependent to some extent. ER and SEL are negatively correlated with a correlative coefficient of -1.

Histopathological Study on Chickens Artificially Infected with Infectious Laryngotracheitis

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the histopathological changes in chickens artificially infected with infectious laryngotracheitis（ILT）. [Method] Through ar- tificial injection of allantoic liquid containing ILTV into chickens to induce infectious laryngotracheitis, the clinical symptoms in infected chickens were observed; tissues of trachea, lungs, heart, liver, kidney and spleen were collected from dead chickens, and prepared into paraffin sections, followed by histopathological observation under a microscope. [Results] This disease occured in the inoculated chickens 3d later, with a morbidity rate of 95%. The main symptoms were dyspnea, asthma and coughing up of bloody exudate; yellowish-white pseudomembrane was observed on dissected larynx trachea; swelling, haemorrhage, and further erosion were observed on the in- fected tracheal mucosa, resulting in death of chickens, with the mortality rate of 25%; histopathological observation showed that parenchymal organs exhibited exuda- tive inflammation; swelling, degeneration, necrosis and shedding of epithelial cells were observed; disturbance of blood circulation occured.[Conclusion] This study pro- vides reference bases for the treatment of ILT.

EFFECTS OF ALFENTANIL AND ESMOLOL ON HEMODYNAMIC AND CATECHOLAMINE RESPONSE TO TRACHEAL INTUBATION

Objective.To compare the effects of alfentanil and esmolol on hemodynamic and catecholamine response to tracheal intubation. Methods.Thirty five adult patients were randomly allocated to one of three groups,Group A(control group),Group B(esmolol group)and Group C(alfentanil group).The patients received either 2 mg/kg esmolol(in Group B)or 30 μg/kg alfentanil(in Group C)before intubation.Tracheal intubation was performed with 4 mg/kg thiopental and 0 1 mg/kg vecuronium and 3% isoflurane.Systolic blood pressure(SBP),diastolic blood pressure(DBP),mean blood pressure(MBP),heart rate(HR),norepinephrine(NE),epinephrine(E)and dopamine(DA)were measured before and after intubation. Results.The control group had a baseline SBP of 149±23 mmHg while Groups B,C had a baseline SBP of 148±23,and 150±21mmHg,respectively(P>0 05).Three min after tracheal intubation,the control group SBP increased to 160±30 mmHg and Group B remained at the baseline level,147±5 mmHg,and Group C significantly decreased to 91±22 mmHg(P<0 01).Two min after intubation HR in Group B increased significantly but 3 min after intubation HR in Groups B and C were significantly lower than that of control group(P<0 05).NE in Groups A and B increased significantly to 5 75±3 51 and 6 75±3 30 nmol/L 3 min after intubation(P<0 01).In Group C,3 min after intubation NE was not significantly different from the baseline but E decreased significantly(P<0 01). Conclusion.2 mg/kg esmolol can moderate the hemodynamic response to tracheal intubation to a certain extent and 30μg/kg alfentanil can completely attenuate the hemodynamic and catecholamine responses.

Influence of Atmospheric Non-thermal Plasma on Some Hematological Characteristics of Iraqi Patients

Non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma has emerged as a new promising tool in medicine. The effectiveness of an Atmospheric Non Thermal Plasma for clinical and biological applications is studied. This research effort includes a desioning of plasma generating system and examine it on some medical and biological parameters. No patient had previous operative or chemotherapeutic treatment, so the patients with hematological disorders （hemophilia） and those with open heart surgery that receiving warfarin and other antithrombotic agents were excluded from the study. A total of eighty 80 Iraqi patients seeking for a medical consultation in A1-Ramadi Teaching Hospital were included in this study. The plasma treatment is applied both in vitro and in vivo experiments on those patients. In the in vivo experiments, the bleeding time tests were carried out on these patients; the results showed the bleeding time of the patients was reduced as compared with control. In vitro experiments regarding clotting time and prothrombine time PT, the results have demonstrated that this plasma device clots blood rapidly via a control. The dependencies of the degree of clotting on the exposure time, distance have been recorded. A series of experiments reveal that this effectiveness is due to the ability of direct discharge to bring charges to blood samples due to generation of so many mediators like reactive nitrogen species and free radicals.

Distribution of ventilation and hemodynamic effects of different ventilatory patterns

OBJECTIVE: To compare the influence of cardiac-pulmonary function on clinical acute respiratory failure patients using Proportional assist ventilation (PAV), Pressure support ventilation (PSV) and intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV). Here, we also describe some our experience with the clinical use of PAV. METHODS: Using the IPPV mode in ten acute respiratory failure patients, calculate Elastance (Ers) and Resistance (Rrs), then change to PSV, set inspiratory positive airway pressure (IPAP) according to IPPV, so that tidal volume (V(T)) is the same as that of IPPV. We then changed the mode into PAV and set the assist ratio according to PSV, so that V(T) and Ppeak were the same as that of PSV. Then we observed the changes of respiratory mechanics, blood gas levels and hemodynamics during ventilation. RESULTS: Compared with PSV and IPPV, peak pressure (Ppeak) of PAV was markedly lower while V(T) was similar; work of breathing of patient (WOBp), and work of breathing of ventilation (WOBv) were also lower; center vein pressure (CVP) and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) of PAV were markedly lower than that of IPPV while V(T) were similar. Compared with PSV, V(T), mean blood pressure (mBP) and cardiac output (CO) of PAV were higher. Mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) and WOBp of PAV were lower while Ppeak was similar; the differences in WOBp were notable. CONCLUSIONS: For clinical acute respiratory failure patients, compared with PSV and IPPV, PAV has lower airway pressure, less WOBp and less influence on hemodynamics.

Investigation on the mechanism of YQHX against cerebral ischemic injury based on network pharmacology and molecular docking

Cerebral ischemia(CI)is the world’s second-largest lethal disease,with a high recurrence and teratogenic rate.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)YQHX(a pharmaceutical preparation from herbs)has a certain effect in the clinical treatment of CI,while its underlying mechanism remains largely undetermined.To explore the potential mechanism,we used network pharmacology and molecular docking in the present study.TCMSP and CNKI databases were used to explore the active ingredients of YQHX;the Pharmmapper database was used to get the ingredient targets;the OMIM,GeneCards,and DisGeNET databases were used to obtain the disease targets;the Venn diagram was used to obtain the intersection targets,the Cytoscape was used to visualize results and plug-in MCODE to obtain core targets;the Metascape database was used to perform GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses on core targets.The top 20 KEGG pathway enrichment pathways were used to construct the“ingredient-target-pathway”network by Cytoscape;the top 10 ingredients and the top five protein targets were used for molecular docking with AutoDock Vina software,and PyMoL and Ligplus software were used to visualize the results.A total of 83 active ingredients were screened from YQHX.Moreover,432 corresponding targets,2005 disease-related targets,and 140 drug-disease intersection targets were obtained.GO biological function and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses yielded 507 biological function entries and 141 signaling pathways.KEGG pathway enrichment was mainly involved in cell proliferation,adhesion,migration,and other processes.Molecular docking results showed that the key ingredients and core targets screened had a strong binding activity,including EGFR,MAP2K1,and KDR.The combination of miltionone I and miltiodiol was relatively stable.The main biological mechanism of YQHX in the treatment of CI might play a role through the signaling pathway related to the tyrosine kinase receptor,which was also the improvement of the theory of“benefiting qi and activating blood circulation for promoting the production of blood and blood vessels”.

Mechanisms of Qi-blood circulation and Qi deficiency syndrome in view of blood and interstitial fluid circulation

OBJECTIVE: Based on comparison between fundamental theories of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and Western Medicine (WM) and modern scientific research on meridians, we find that "Qi" in TCM is closely related to tissue fluid. In this study, the essence of Qi is explored in the view of circulation of blood and interstitial fluid. METHODS: Because the concept of Qi is complicated, Qi deficiency syndrome (QDS) is chosen to probe the relationship between of Qi deficiency and Qi-blood circulation (QBC). We analyze Qi-blood theory in terms of WM, set up a hemodynamic model to describe QBC, and review clinical research on QDS in the view of blood-interstitial fluid circulation. RESULTS: QDS is caused by imbalances of substance exchanges between blood and interstitial fluid, leading to an increase in the interstitial liquid volume or a decrease in nutrients and retention ofmetabolic wastes in interstitial fluid. CONCLUSION: This study describes the essence of Qi, providing support for further research on theories of Qiand Qi-blood circulation inTCM.