大学生气质类型、父母教养方式与孤独感的关系研究

采用量表法以349名大学生为被试研究了气质类型、父母教养方式和孤独感的关系。(1)差异检验表明:女性大学生的亲情孤独感、总体孤独感多于男生,且气质类型上更情绪化;城市大学生的社会性得分显著高于来自乡村大学生;在爱情孤独和总体孤独感上存在显著的专业差异,理工类大学生体验到更多的孤独感尤其是爱情孤独感。(2)相关分析表明:大学生孤独感的各个维度与其气质类型中的社会性以及父母教养方式中的大多因素显著相关。(3)回归分析进一步表明:母亲情感温暖对总体孤独感有显著预测作用;母亲情感温暖、父亲严惩、母亲干涉保护对亲情孤独感因子有显著预测作用;社会性、父亲严惩对爱情孤独感因子有显著预测作用;母亲情感温暖、母亲干涉保护、父亲干涉对社交孤独感因子有显著预测作用。

云南省9—16岁中、小学生气质类型调查研究

本研究采用《中小学生气质量表》对云南省 9— 16岁中、小学生气质类型的分布状况 ,以及气质特征的年龄发展趋势进行了调查分析。结果表明 ,云南省 9— 16岁中小学生气质类型的分布在性别上存在差异 ,而在城乡间不存在差异。男女生在两种气质特征上存在差异 ,城乡学生在一种气质特征上存在差异 ,9— 16岁中小学生的气质发展已进入稳定阶段。本文还在讨论部分对教师了解学生的气质特征 。

Pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis associated with massive free air mimicking perforated diffuse peritonitis

While pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis （PCI） is a rare disease entity associated with a wide variety of gastrointestinal and non-gastrointestinal disorders, PCI associated with massive intra- and retroperitoneal free air is extremely uncommon, and is difficult to diagnose differentially from perforated peritonitis. We present two cases of PCI associated with massive peritoneal free air and/or retroperitoneal air that mimicked perforated peritonitis. These cases highlight the clinical importance of PCI that mimics perforated peritonitis, which requires emergency surgery. Preoperative imaging modalities and diagnostic laparoscopy are useful to make an accurate diagnosis.

Cereal Storage Techniques： A Review

Cereal grains are stored to preserve the product from storing to consuming without any quality loss. The choice of the most suitable and economical store has great importance on storage period of cereals under consideration of climate conditions, types of grain and transportation facility. The aim of present study was to give information about different cereal storage methods and discuss the most preferable technique for stock keepers. There are five main storage methods for the cereals, i.e., bulk storage, storage in underground pit, storage in bags, storage in sheds and storage in silos. Each has many advantages and disadvantages. Grains are usually preserved as bulk stack in horizontal stores. Nowadays, the storage underground is not preferred in cereal industry. For long-term storage period, cereals are unfavorable when stored as bulk in bags. Location, moisture content and sufficient ventilation are important factors for cereals stored in sheds. The most preferred storage technique in plants is to keep the products in silos. Steel and galvanized silos are the most common ones when compared with the others. In recent years, convention of storage techniques for grains has been advanced with the innovations, such as aeration, refrigerated storage, modified atmospheric storage and hermetic storage systems.

Influences of water media on the hydrogen isotopic composition of natural gas/methane in the processes of gaseous hydrocarbon generation and evolution

The influences of water media on the hydrogen isotopic composition of organic-thermogenic natural gas were tested in three series of experiments on coal pyrolysis, with no water, deionized water （δDH2O-58‰）, and seawater （δSDn2O=-4.8‰） added, respectively. The experimental results show that the productivities of H2 and CO2 obviously increased under hydrous conditions and that the productivity of CH4 also remarkably increased in the high-evolution phase of hydrous experiments. Water was involved in the chemical reaction of hydrocarbon generation, and then the hydrogen isotopic composition of methane was affected. There is a linear correlation between the hydrogen isotopic composition of methane and its productivity, as reflected in the three series of experiments. In the case of the same CH4 productivity, the hydrogen isotopic composition of the methane produced in anhydrous experiments was the heaviest, that of the methane produced in seawater-adding experiments came second, and that of the methane produced in deionized water-adding experiments was the ligbtest. The hydrogen isotopic composition of natural gas/methane is affected by the following factors： 1） the characteristics of hydrogen isotopic composition of organic matter in source rocks, 2） the thermal evolution extent of organic matter, and 3） fossil-water media in the natural gas-generation period. The experimental results show that the influence of the fossil-water medium in the natural gas-generation period was lower than that of the other factors.

Organic composition of gasoline and its potential effects on air pollution in North China

When gasoline is burned to power an automotive engine, a portion of the fuel remains unburned or is partially burned and leaves the engine as hydrocarbon and oxygenated compounds. In addition, a small portion of the fuel can escape the vehicle through evaporation. Changes in alkanes, olefins and aromatics each affect emissions differently, which could complicate control strategies for air pollution. In this study, we collected 31 gasoline samples over five provinces and cities(Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Shandong, and Shaanxi) in North China between 2012 and 2013. The organic composition of the gasoline samples was analyzed using the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS) method, and the aniline compounds were analyzed by solvent extraction and the GC-MS method. The ratios of alkanes, aromatics, olefins and other organic compounds in gasoline were 40.6%, 38.1%, 12.9% and 8.4%, respectively. The aromatic and benzene exceedances were 15 and 8 based on the China's gasoline standards(III), and they accounted for 48.4% and 25.8% of all the gasoline samples, respectively. Strong carcinogen aniline compounds were detected in all 31 samples, and the content of aniline compounds in 3 samples exceeded 1%. The high proportion of aromatics and olefins in the gasoline increased the emissions of carbon monoxide(CO) and toxics, as well as the atmospheric photochemical reactivity of exhaust emissions, which could hasten the formation of secondary pollutants. Our results are helpful for redefining government strategies to control air pollution in North China and relevant for developing new refining technology throughout China.