The greenhouse gas （GHG） footprint of an agricultural system is a measure of the climate change impact potential （CCIP） exerted by the formation of its product（s）, its accurate quantification is essential for de...The greenhouse gas （GHG） footprint of an agricultural system is a measure of the climate change impact potential （CCIP） exerted by the formation of its product（s）, its accurate quantification is essential for determining the green value added tax of agricultural products for food markets, which in turn may drastically change the current patterns of food consumption and production towards a product life cycle oriented economy. This paper reviews the literature regarding GHG footprints of crop cultivation systems.The review concludes that few studies have fully considered the categories/ items of net GHG emissions from an investigated crop cultivation system, and thus probably led to biases in footprint estimation. Most studies to date have even neglected changes in the soil organic carbon stocks of ecosystems with annual crops, while process-oriented biogeochemical models so far have seldom been involved in GHG footprint quantification.To help with solving these problems or drawbacks, the authors propose a generic methodological framework for quantifying GHG footprints of crop cultivation systems free from grazing, which takes into account all direct/indirect GHG contributors within a ＇cradle-to-gate＇ life cycle. The authors then provide example values of some GHG emission factors, such as those from machinery operations and other agricultural inputs, extracted from the literature. In addition, direct measurements or model simulations of other major on-farm emission factors are emphasized. The need to further update this methodological framework in future studies, especially by adapting it to mixed crop-livestock production systems, is also indicated.展开更多
Objective:To systematic evaluation by the dorsalis pedis artery puncture for bed patients blood gas analysis of application effect of impact.Methods:A randomized controlled trial of the effect of arterial blood extrac...Objective:To systematic evaluation by the dorsalis pedis artery puncture for bed patients blood gas analysis of application effect of impact.Methods:A randomized controlled trial of the effect of arterial blood extraction on blood gas analysis in PubMed,CNKI,Wanfang database and VIP database.After selecting the literature,extracting the data and evaluating the quality of the literature.Meta- analysis was carried out by RevMan 5.3 software.Results:Twelve randomized controlled trials were included and 1696 patients were enrolled.After meta-analysis,the arterial puncture can effectively improve the success of arterial puncture in patients with bed [Z = 5.78,95%CI(1.90,3.66),P<0.001],reduce the occurrence of hematoma [Z = 4.27,95%CI(0.19,0.54),P<0.001],reduce the mistaken into the vein [Z = 4.60,95%CI(0.08,0.36),P<0.001],reduce cyanosis [Z = 2.84,95%CI(0.23,0.81),P<0.008],the difference was statistically significant.Conclusion:Dorsalis pedis artery puncture can improve the success rate of blood gas analysis in bedridden patients,reduce the incidence of hematoma and the incidence of venous leakage,and can be widely used in clinical practice.展开更多
As the pneumatic artificial muscle （PAM） has flexibility properties similar to biological muscle which is widely used in robotics as one kind of actuators, the bionic mechanism driven by PAMs be- comes a hot spot in...As the pneumatic artificial muscle （PAM） has flexibility properties similar to biological muscle which is widely used in robotics as one kind of actuators, the bionic mechanism driven by PAMs be- comes a hot spot in robotics. In this paper, a kind of musculoskeletal leg mechanism driven by PAMs is presented, which has three joints driven by four PAMs. The jumping movement is divided into three phases. The forward and inverse kinematics of the leg mechanism in different jumping phases is derived. Considering the ground reaction force between feet and environment, the dynamic in different jumping phases is analyzed by Lagrange method, then the relationship between PAM driving force and the joints angular displacement, angular velocity, angular acceleration during one jumping cycle is obtained, which will lay a foundatiori for the jumping experiment of the musculo- skeletal lez mechanism.展开更多
Hydropower, next to coal, is the second most important source of electric power supply in China. It amounted to 20.4% of the nation＇s total installed capacity of electricity generation in 2011. To provide a comprehen...Hydropower, next to coal, is the second most important source of electric power supply in China. It amounted to 20.4% of the nation＇s total installed capacity of electricity generation in 2011. To provide a comprehensive picture of the development of hydropower in China and its potential environmental impacts, this study calculates the ecological footprint and greenhouse gas emission reduction of hydropower development in China over the past 60 years. The ecological footprints include the energy ecological footprint and arable land occupation footprint. The energy ecological footprint is calculated in terms of the area of the land which would be used for reforestation in order to assimilate CQ emissions from fossil energy consumption for hydropower development. The arable land occupation footprint is calculated in terms of the area of the land to be inundated by hydropower development. The calculated energy ecological footprint was 502 422 ha in 2010 or about 0.3% of total arable land in China and the calculated inundated land was about 1.42×10 6 ha or about 1.2% of total arable land in China. The regional power grid baseline method was used to calculate the greenhouse gas emission reduction. Results indicated that CQ emission reduction from hydropower development was increasing rapidly since 1949 and reached 5.02×108 tons of COe emission in 2010, with an accumulative total of 6.221×109 tons of CQ emission during the period 1949-2010.展开更多
Objective： To observe the effect of point sticking therapy on biochemical markers and Rating of Perceived Exertion （RPE） in athletes with exercise-induced fatigue. Methods： A total of 35 football players were rand...Objective： To observe the effect of point sticking therapy on biochemical markers and Rating of Perceived Exertion （RPE） in athletes with exercise-induced fatigue. Methods： A total of 35 football players were randomly allocated into a blank group, a control group and an observation group. The athletes in the blank group received no treatment, those in the control group take Xi Yang Shen （Radix Panacis Quinquefolii） orally and those in the observation group were treated by point sticking therapy. The athletes＇ RPE, hemoglobin （Hb）, red blood cell count （RBC）, blood urea nitrogen （BUN） and blood glucose （BG） were recorded every day for analysis. Results： The RPE value in the blank group tends to increase, while that in the treatment and the blank groups tend to increase first but decrease afterwards, and the corresponding RPE value in the observation group was smaller than that in the control group. After treatment, athletes in the blank group showed a decrease in Hb, RBC and BG, but an increase in BUN in the blank group; while athletes in the observation and the control groups showed increases in Hb, RBC and BG, but a decrease in BUN. Conclusion： Point sticking can alleviate clinical symptoms induced by exercise-induced fatigue.展开更多
基金supported jointly by the National Key R&D Program project of China[grant number 2017YFF0211704]the National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant number41761144054]
文摘The greenhouse gas （GHG） footprint of an agricultural system is a measure of the climate change impact potential （CCIP） exerted by the formation of its product（s）, its accurate quantification is essential for determining the green value added tax of agricultural products for food markets, which in turn may drastically change the current patterns of food consumption and production towards a product life cycle oriented economy. This paper reviews the literature regarding GHG footprints of crop cultivation systems.The review concludes that few studies have fully considered the categories/ items of net GHG emissions from an investigated crop cultivation system, and thus probably led to biases in footprint estimation. Most studies to date have even neglected changes in the soil organic carbon stocks of ecosystems with annual crops, while process-oriented biogeochemical models so far have seldom been involved in GHG footprint quantification.To help with solving these problems or drawbacks, the authors propose a generic methodological framework for quantifying GHG footprints of crop cultivation systems free from grazing, which takes into account all direct/indirect GHG contributors within a ＇cradle-to-gate＇ life cycle. The authors then provide example values of some GHG emission factors, such as those from machinery operations and other agricultural inputs, extracted from the literature. In addition, direct measurements or model simulations of other major on-farm emission factors are emphasized. The need to further update this methodological framework in future studies, especially by adapting it to mixed crop-livestock production systems, is also indicated.
文摘Objective:To systematic evaluation by the dorsalis pedis artery puncture for bed patients blood gas analysis of application effect of impact.Methods:A randomized controlled trial of the effect of arterial blood extraction on blood gas analysis in PubMed,CNKI,Wanfang database and VIP database.After selecting the literature,extracting the data and evaluating the quality of the literature.Meta- analysis was carried out by RevMan 5.3 software.Results:Twelve randomized controlled trials were included and 1696 patients were enrolled.After meta-analysis,the arterial puncture can effectively improve the success of arterial puncture in patients with bed [Z = 5.78,95%CI(1.90,3.66),P<0.001],reduce the occurrence of hematoma [Z = 4.27,95%CI(0.19,0.54),P<0.001],reduce the mistaken into the vein [Z = 4.60,95%CI(0.08,0.36),P<0.001],reduce cyanosis [Z = 2.84,95%CI(0.23,0.81),P<0.008],the difference was statistically significant.Conclusion:Dorsalis pedis artery puncture can improve the success rate of blood gas analysis in bedridden patients,reduce the incidence of hematoma and the incidence of venous leakage,and can be widely used in clinical practice.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51375289)Shanghai Municipal National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.13ZR1415500)Innovation Fund of Shanghai Education Commission(No.13YZ020)
文摘As the pneumatic artificial muscle （PAM） has flexibility properties similar to biological muscle which is widely used in robotics as one kind of actuators, the bionic mechanism driven by PAMs be- comes a hot spot in robotics. In this paper, a kind of musculoskeletal leg mechanism driven by PAMs is presented, which has three joints driven by four PAMs. The jumping movement is divided into three phases. The forward and inverse kinematics of the leg mechanism in different jumping phases is derived. Considering the ground reaction force between feet and environment, the dynamic in different jumping phases is analyzed by Lagrange method, then the relationship between PAM driving force and the joints angular displacement, angular velocity, angular acceleration during one jumping cycle is obtained, which will lay a foundatiori for the jumping experiment of the musculo- skeletal lez mechanism.
基金the Key Project for the Strategic Science Plan in Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences(No:2012ZD007)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41371486)
文摘Hydropower, next to coal, is the second most important source of electric power supply in China. It amounted to 20.4% of the nation＇s total installed capacity of electricity generation in 2011. To provide a comprehensive picture of the development of hydropower in China and its potential environmental impacts, this study calculates the ecological footprint and greenhouse gas emission reduction of hydropower development in China over the past 60 years. The ecological footprints include the energy ecological footprint and arable land occupation footprint. The energy ecological footprint is calculated in terms of the area of the land which would be used for reforestation in order to assimilate CQ emissions from fossil energy consumption for hydropower development. The arable land occupation footprint is calculated in terms of the area of the land to be inundated by hydropower development. The calculated energy ecological footprint was 502 422 ha in 2010 or about 0.3% of total arable land in China and the calculated inundated land was about 1.42×10 6 ha or about 1.2% of total arable land in China. The regional power grid baseline method was used to calculate the greenhouse gas emission reduction. Results indicated that CQ emission reduction from hydropower development was increasing rapidly since 1949 and reached 5.02×108 tons of COe emission in 2010, with an accumulative total of 6.221×109 tons of CQ emission during the period 1949-2010.
基金supported by Boom Plan Project of Shanghai Municipal Sports Bureau(07TF005)Boom Plan Project of Shanghai Sports Science and Technology(09TF020)+1 种基金Project of Shanghai Science and Technology Committee(10DZ1973800)Shanghai Key Discipline Construction Project(S30304)
文摘Objective： To observe the effect of point sticking therapy on biochemical markers and Rating of Perceived Exertion （RPE） in athletes with exercise-induced fatigue. Methods： A total of 35 football players were randomly allocated into a blank group, a control group and an observation group. The athletes in the blank group received no treatment, those in the control group take Xi Yang Shen （Radix Panacis Quinquefolii） orally and those in the observation group were treated by point sticking therapy. The athletes＇ RPE, hemoglobin （Hb）, red blood cell count （RBC）, blood urea nitrogen （BUN） and blood glucose （BG） were recorded every day for analysis. Results： The RPE value in the blank group tends to increase, while that in the treatment and the blank groups tend to increase first but decrease afterwards, and the corresponding RPE value in the observation group was smaller than that in the control group. After treatment, athletes in the blank group showed a decrease in Hb, RBC and BG, but an increase in BUN in the blank group; while athletes in the observation and the control groups showed increases in Hb, RBC and BG, but a decrease in BUN. Conclusion： Point sticking can alleviate clinical symptoms induced by exercise-induced fatigue.
