不同气道准备方式在ICU患者紧急气管插管中的应用效果

目的观察负压吸引牙刷在ICU患者紧急气管插管气道准备中的应用效果。方法95例在ICU需行紧急气管插管患者,按照随机数字表法分为对照组47例(UE视频喉镜)和试验组48例(负压吸引牙刷进行气道准备联合UE视频喉镜)。比较两组插管情况、气管插管并发症、炎性指标、麻醉准备时间与插管总时间。结果试验组暴露声门的平均时间、插管尝试次数、气管插管时间与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),两组首次气管插管成功率与气管插管并发症发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);试验组炎性指标C-反应蛋白、降钙素原均低于对照组(P<0.05),麻醉准备时间与插管总时间短于对照组(P<0.05)。结论ICU患者使用UE视频喉镜经口气管插管前先行使用负压吸引牙刷进行气道准备,更能快速清理气道分泌物,缩短暴露声门的平均时间,有助于判断麻醉准备效果,更容易辅助视频喉镜快速完成经口气管插管。

Electromagnetic Fields and Induced Voltages on Underground Pipeline in the Vicinity of AC Traction System

Various regulations, aimed at the protection of human beings and electrical equipment against possible adverse effects resulting from exposure to electromagnetic fields, have been issued in many countries. Most of them are based on safety guidelines published by international expert groups. In this paper, electric and magnetic fields are calculated in the vicinity of 25 kV traction line supplying railway traction systems. Calculation results are compared to exposure limits specified by safety guidelines and regulations. Possible countermeasures for reduction of electromagnetic fields are proposed. Also, this paper presents a method for calculation of the induced voltages to an underground gas pipeline from a neighbouring 25 kV electric traction overhead line in case of short circuit. Calculations are performed with EMTP-ATP software. Possible countermeasures for reduction of induced voltages are proposed.