γδT细胞对肺部感染气道防御的影响

γδT细胞表面TCR受体由γ和δ链组成 ,在抗感染免疫应答中发挥重要作用。本文就肺炎克雷白菌、单核细胞增生性李斯特氏菌、结核分枝杆菌及病毒等肺部感染时γδT细胞在气道防御机制中的作用作扼要综述 ,旨在阐明γδT细胞在肺部感染时对气道防御的影响。

老年2型糖尿病合并侵袭性肺真菌病的研究进展

侵袭性肺真菌病(IPFD)是指真菌直接侵犯支气管、肺部导致肺组织出现急慢性病理损害的一种机会性感染性疾病,好发于免疫功能缺陷或合并严重基础疾病的患者,如糖尿病、慢性阻塞性肺疾病、恶性肿瘤、血液系统疾病、长期应用免疫抑制剂等人群。近年来,随着糖皮质激素、广谱抗生素、侵袭性操作的广泛应用,侵袭性肺真菌病的患病率呈逐渐上升趋势。目前,糖尿病已成为继癌症、心脑血管疾病后的第三大常见的慢性疾病。由于我国糖尿病患病率高且人口老龄化严重,老年人群在我国糖尿病中已处于主流地位。据最新的人口普查数据显示,截止到2020年,中国老年人数占全国总人数的18.7%,其中有30%左右(7813万)的老年人患2型糖尿病(T2DM)。老年T2DM患者由于自身免疫功能受损和机体代谢紊乱,很容易继发各种感染。当老年T2DM患者一旦并发IPFD时,将使疾病的处理更加棘手复杂,病情严重且进展迅速,极大地增加死亡风险。因此,临床医生必须对这类人群给予充分重视,了解其病理生理机制及疾病的特异性,进一步预防和治疗。本文通过回顾以往的文献,对老年T2DM合并IPFD的流行病学、危险因素、发生机制及诊治方面的研究进展进行综述,旨在为临床实践提供有益参考。

57例糖尿病并肺结核病并存支气管内膜结核分析

糖尿病合并肺结核病患者气道防御机制常减退,加上糖尿结核患者体内结核菌数量大,痰菌阳性率高,多数糖尿病人血糖控制不佳,常常同时并存支气管结核,纤支镜能有效提高检出率。

伴有香料引发的呼吸系统症状的湿疹患者的辣椒碱咳嗽反射

Respiratory symptoms elicited by perfume are common in the population but have unclear pathophysiology. Increased capsaicin cough responsiveness has been associated with the symptoms, but it is unknown whether the site of the symptoms in the airways influences this association. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between the site of airway symptoms elicited by perfume and cough responsiveness to bronchial challenge with capsaicin. 21 eczema patients with respiratory symptoms elicited by perfume were compared with 21 healthy volunteers in a sex and age-matched case control study. The participants completed a symptom questionnaire and underwent a bronchial challenge with capsaicin.Lower, but not upper, respiratory symptoms elicited by perfume were associated with increased capsaicin cough responsiveness. Having severe symptoms to perfume (n = 11) did not relate to the site of the symptoms in the airways and was not associated with increased capsaicin cough responsiveness.In conclusion, respiratory symptoms elicited by perfume may reflect local hyperreactivity related to defensive reflexes in the airways, and measurements of the capsaicin cough reflex are relevant when patients with lower respiratory symptoms related to environmental perfume exposures are investigated.

阻塞性肺气肿并发气胸22例分析

阻塞性肺气肿并发气胸２２例分析江华自发性气胸为呼吸系统急症，病情危重，需及时诊断及处理。特别是慢性阻塞性肺病并发气胸，发病率逐年增加门，需引起重视。现将我院自１９９１年以来收集的慢性阻塞性肺气肿并发气胸２２例（占同期自发住气胸１８．３％，２２／１２０...

气道上皮中pendrin的研究进展

Pendrin是一种电中性的离子交换转运蛋白,在气道上皮中主要表达于上皮细胞膜的顶端,负责氯离子(Cl^(-))的重吸收并交换碳酸氢根(HCO_(3)^(-))或硫氰酸根(SCN^(-))至管腔液,主要参与调节气道表面液体层(airway surface liquid,ASL)的酸碱度和厚度、黏蛋白分泌及气道防御过程,对于维持气道表面微环境的稳态具有重要意义。在支气管哮喘中,pendrin的表达明显上调,与支气管哮喘的重要病理过程如气道高反应性、中性粒细胞浸润和黏蛋白分泌增加密切相关。抑制pendrin的功能可能是支气管哮喘治疗的新靶点。