在较低温度和压力下氢化蓖麻油

蓖麻油是一种含蓖麻酸为主的油脂,它有三种官能团:双健、酯键和羟基,具有多种化学反应活性。在保留羟基条件下完全氢化蓖麻油,结果获得富含羟基硬脂酸的蜡状产物,广泛用于制取增塑剂、化妆品,高压润蜡剂和上光蜡的代用品,该产品在世界上具有广阔的销售市场。本文主要介绍“美国油化学杂志”报道的一种氨化方法,可以在较低温度（125℃）和压力（2.0kgf/cm^2）条件下,完整地保留羟基,使蓖麻油完全氢化。

有机硅液晶合成研究

结合国内外有机硅发展概况 ,重点总结了 15年来在有机硅液晶合成方法研究方面的有关成果 .评述了利用硅氢化方法合成有机硅液晶的优缺点 ,以及开发改进硅氢化方法的途径 .着重介绍了用含碳官能团有机硅烷或聚硅氧烷为原料 。

One-step synthesis of hydrophobic magnesium hydroxide nanoparticles and their application in flame-retardant polypropylene composites

Hydrophobic magnesium hydroxide(MH) nanoparticles were prepared by a one-step synthesis method in a high-gravity environment generated by a novel impinging stream–rotating packed bed(IS-RPB) reactor. The reactant solutions were simultaneously and continuously pumped into the IS-RPB reactor, and then Tween80 was added as a surface modifier. The morphology, structure, and properties of blank and hydrophobic MH were characterized. The effects of MH nanoparticles on the flame retardancy, thermal stability, and mechanical properties of PP/MH composites were also studied. We found that the obtained MH nanoparticles exhibited hexagonal lamella with a mean size of 30 nm, excellent hydrophobic properties(e.g., high water contact angle of 112°), and improved thermal stability of MH. The limiting oxygen index(LOI) further showed that increased MH loading can significantly improve flame-retardant performance, which reached 29.3% for PP/MH composites with 30 wt% hydrophobic samples. The thermal stability and mechanical properties of the PP/MH composites with hydrophobic samples were also much higher than those of PP/MH composites with blank MH. Results showed that the one-step synthesis had high potential application in the large-scale production of hydrophobic MH nanoparticles.

Green and efficient epoxidation of methyl oleate over hierarchical TS-1

The epoxidation of methyl oleate(MO)was conducted in the presence of aqueous H2O2 as the oxidant and hierarchical TS-1(HTS-1)as the catalyst;the catalyst was synthesized using polyquaternium-6 as the mesopore template.The effects of various parameters,i.e.,H2O2/C=C molar ratio,oxidant concentration,amount of the catalyst,reaction temperature,and time,were systematically studied.Furthermore,response surface methodology(RSM)was used to optimize the conditions to maximize the yield of epoxy MO and to evaluate the significance and interplay of the factors affecting the epoxy MO production.The H2O2/C=C molar ratio and catalyst amount were the determining factors for MO epoxidation,wherein the maximum yield of epoxy MO reached 94.9%over HTS-1 under the optimal conditions.

Tectonic evolution of the Changling fault basin and its relationship to oil and gas accumulation

The Changling fault depression passed through three stages of evolution: a period of faulting, a period of subsidence, and an inversion period. The fault lifted the whole area and the formation was eroded during the late Yingcheng formation, the late Nenjiang formation, and the late Mingshui formation. The denudation quantity of eight wells located in the study area is estimated by the interval transit time method and by the formation trend extension method using seismic and drilling data. Inversion back stripping technology with de-compaction correction was used to restore the original sedimentary thickness step by step and to recover the burial history at a single well. Two profiles were selected for the recovery and study of the tectonic evolution. The study confirmed that the primary major gas bearing structure formed due to thermal shrinkage lifting during the late Yingcheng formation. Successive development in a pattern during the late Mingshui formation led to the formation of the primary gas pool. Vertical differential uplift during the late Nenjiang formation formed the Fulongquan structure during the late Paleogene. At this same time a secondary gas pool formed. A large scale reverse developed late in the Mingshui formation that provided the impetus for formation of a secondary gas pool. It is thought that the migration and accumulation of oil and gas was controlled by lithologic character, fracture, and structure. The local uplift in the vicinity of the hydrocarbon recession is most conducive to the collection of hydrocarbon gas.

Effect of Substrate Nitridation on Properties of Thick GaN Film Grown by Hydride Vapour Phase Epitaxy

Thick GaN films were grown on the sapphire substrate by hydride vapour phase epitaxy. The properties of GaN films were found to be significantly influenced by the duration of exposing the sapphire substrate to ammonia prior to the GaN growth initiation. The crystalline quality of GaN films revealed by high resolution X-ray diffraction were strongly dependent on the nitridation time, which determined substrate surface topography. The different nitridation schemes strongly affected the morphology of GaN overlayers resulting in the blue shift of the main excitonic peak in photoluminescence spectra at room temperature.

Thermodynamic Calculation on the Formation of Titanium Hydride

A modified Miedema model, using interrelationship among the basic properties of elements Ti and H, is employed to calculate the standard enthalpy of formation of titanium hydride TiHx （1≤x≤2）. Based on Debye theories of solid thermal capacity, the vibrational entropy, as well as electronic entropy, is acquired by quantum mechanics and statistic thermodynamics methods, and a new approach is presented to calculate the standard entropy of formation of TiH2. The values of standard enthalpy of formation of TiHx decrease linearly with increase of x. The calculated results of standard enthalpy, entropy, and free energy of formation of TiH2 at 298.16 K are -142.39 kJ/mol, -143.0 J/（mol·K） and -99.75 kJ/mol, respectively, which is consistent with the previously-reported data obtained by either experimental or theoretical calculation methods. The results show that the thermodynamic model for titanium hydride is reasonable.

Tracing Changes in the Microbial Community of a Hydrocarbon-Polluted Soil by Culture-Dependent Proteomics

Hydrocarbon contamination may affect the soil microbial community, in terms of both diversity and function. A laboratory experiment was set-up, with a semi-arid control soil and the same soil but artificially contaminated with diesel oil, to follow changes in the dominant species of the microbial community in the hydrocarbon-polluted soil via proteomics. Analysis of the proteins extracted from enriched cultures growing in Luria-Bertani （LB） media showed a change in the microbial community. The majority of the proteins were related to gIycolysis pathways, structural or protein synthesis. The results showed a relative increase in the complexity of the soil microbial community with hydrocarbon contamination, especially after 15 days of incubation. Species such as Ralstonia solanacearum, Synechococcus elongatus and different Clostridium sp. were adapted to contamination, not appearing in the control soil, although Bacillus sp. dominated the growing in LB in any of the treatments. We conclude that the identification of microbial species in soil extracts by culture-dependent proteomics is able to partially explain the changes in the diversity of the soil microbial community in hydrocarbon polluted semi-arid soils, but this information is much more limited than that provided by molecular methods.

A unified graphical method for integration of hydrogen networks with purification reuse

Introducing purifiers into hydrogen network can enhance the recovery and reuse of hydrogen in refineries, further reducing the consumption of fresh hydrogen. Based on previous graphical methods, this work proposes a simple and unified graphical method for integration of hydrogen networks with purification processes. Scenarios with different hydrogen concentrations of purified product can be analyzed by the unified procedure. As a result, the maximum hydrogen saved by purification reuse can he identified and the corresponding purification process can be optimized, The proposed method is easy and non-iterative, and it is valid to purification processes with any feed concentration. A conventional hydrogen network is analyzed to test the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Artificial Neural Network Model of Hydrocarbon Migration and Accumulation

Based on the dynamic simulation of the 3 D structure the sedimentary modeling, the unit entity model has been adopted to transfer the heterogeneous complex passage system into limited simple homogeneous entity, and then the traditional dynamic simulation has been used to calculate the phase and the drive forces of the hydrocarbon , and the artificial neural network(ANN) technology has been applied to resolve such problems as the direction, velocity and quantity of the hydrocarbon migration among the unit entities. Through simulating of petroleum migration and accumulation in Zhu Ⅲ depression, the complex mechanism of hydrocarbon migration and accumulation has been opened out.

Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Isobutane to Isobutene on FSM-16 Doped with Cr and Related Catalysts

The oxidative dehydrogenation of isobutane to isobutene was examined for the use in the preparation of FSM-16 and related compounds doped by chromium with expectations that a yield of isobutene of greater than 8% could be achieved. The activity depended on the molding procedure of the catalyst and the doping method of the chromium species. In the present study, 8.8% and 8.3% of the yield of isobutene were obtained at 0.75 h and 6 h on-stream for the catalyst （Cr-loading; 6.2 wt.%） molded using wet treatment hut not pressurization treatment, in which the chromium species were directly added into the aqueous solution containing raw FSM-16 （hydrated sodium silicate powder） at an initial stage of the catalyst preparation. The structure information was based on XRD （X-ray diffraction）, the specific surface area was determined using a conventional BET （Brunauer-Emmett-Teller） nitrogen adsorption and the loading of chromium was estimated using ICP （inductively coupled plasma）. All those parameters combined with the molding method indicated that the catalytic activity was more influenced by the loading of chromium into bulk but not on surface of the catalyst rather than by the hexagonal structure of FSM-16 and the surface area.

Experimental study by online measurement of the precipitation of nickel hydroxide: Effects of operating conditions

The objective of this work is using the online measurement method to study the process of precipitation of nickel hydroxide in a single-feed semi-batch stirred reactor with an internal diameter ofD = 240mm. The effects of impeller speed, impeller type, impeller diameter and feed location on the mean particle size d43 and particle size distribution （PSD） were investigated, d43 and PSD were measured online using a Malvern Insitec Liquid Pro- cess Sizer every 20 s. It was found that d43 varied between 13 kwh and 26 lain under different operating conditions, and it decreased with increasing impeller diameter. When feeding at the off-bottom distance of D/2 under lower impeller speeds, d43 was significantly smaller than that at D/3. PSDs were slightly influenced by operating conditions.

Linear and Nonlinear Optical Absorptions of a Hydrogenic Donor in a Quantum Dot Under a Magnetic Field

The linear and nonlinear optical properties of a hydrogenic donor in a disc-like parabolic quantum dot in the presence of an external magnetic field are studied. The calculations were performed within the effective mass approximation, using the matrix diagonalization method and the compact density-matrix approach. The linear and nonlinear optical absorption coefficients between the ground （L =0） and the first excited state （L = 1） have been examined based on the computed energies and wave functions. We find that the linear, nonlinear third-order, and total optical absorption coefficients are strongly affected by the confinement strength of QDs, the external magnetic field, and the incident optical intensity.

盐酸氯卡色林合成路线图解

盐酸氯卡色林（lorcaserin hydrochloride,1）,化学名为（R）-8-氯-1-甲基-2,3,4,5-四氢-1H-3-苯并氮盐酸盐,是瑞士Arena制药公司开发的新型减肥药,2012年6月其半水合物在美国上市,商品名为Belviq。

松露巧克力与松露无关?

松露巧克力是近来很多人的"新宠",尤其受到年轻消费者的喜爱。在不少超市和网店里,都能找到不少产地不同、品牌不同的松露巧克力。但这些松露巧克力,真的是传说中的"巧克力之王"吗?仅是松露形巧克力"明明标的是松露巧克力。

Supercapacitors based on high-surface-area graphene

Exfoliated graphite oxide was prepared by an improved Hummers method and was then reduced to graphene with hydrazine in the presence of ammonium hydroxide.N2adsorption–desorption measurement showed that graphene so obtained had a specific surface area as high as 818 m2/g.Galvanostatic charge/discharge curves demonstrated that the as-prepared graphene exhibited a specific capacitance of 186.9 F/g at a current density of 0.1 A/g and that about 96%of the specific capacitance was retained after 2000 cycles at a current density of 5 A/g.

Decoupling hydrogen production from water oxidation by integrating a triphase interfacial bioelectrochemical cascade reaction

Water electrolysis to produce H2 is a promising strategy for generating a renewable fuel.However,the sluggish-kinetics and low value-added anodic oxygen evolution reaction(OER)restricts the overall energy conversion efficiency.Herein we report a strategy of boosting H_(2)production at low voltages by replacing OER with a bioelectrochemical cascade reaction at a triphase bioanode.In the presence of oxygen,oxidase enzymes can convert biomass into valuable products,and concurrently generate H_(2)O_(2) that can be further electrooxidized at the bioanode.Benefiting from the efficient oxidase kinetics at an oxygen-rich triphase bioanode and the more favorable thermodynamics of H_(2)O_(2)oxidation than that of OER,the cell voltage and energy consumption are reduced by~0.70 V and~36%,respectively,relative to regular water electrolysis.This leads to an efficient H_(2)production at the cathode and valuable product generation at the bioanode.Integration of a bioelectrochemical cascade into the water splitting process provides an energy-efficient and promising pathway for achieving a renewable fuel.

The adsorption and dissociation of multilayer CH_3OH on TiO_2(110)

The adsorption and dissociation of CH3OH on TiO2 （110） were studied using density functional theory methods. Our results suggest that CH3OH molecules can adsorb up to 3/4 ML （1 ML=5.2× 10^14 molecules/cm2） coverage at five-coordinated titanium （Tisc） sites to form the first layer. In the second layer, the CH3OH is adsorbed at bridge-bonded oxygen, and from the third layer, the CH3OH molecules form a hydrogen-bonded network with each other. The theoretical results show that dissociation of multilayer adsorbed methanol to aldehyde occurs through a stepwise pathway, with easy O-H bond dissociation and rate-determining C-H bond dissociation. The dissociation barriers for 8 or 12 CH3OH molecules on TiO2 are higher than that for low coverage by 0.15-0.21 eV; this suggests that the dissociation of multilayer adsorbed CH3OH is harder.

Platinum nanowires catalyzed direct amidation of aldehydes and amines

Different from the conventional synthesis methods and substrates, we designed a brand new method for synthesizing amides with platinum nanowires as catalysts and tert-butylhydroperoxide(TBHP) as the oxidant. Influence of factors, such as the catalyst, solvents, and the reaction temperature, were studied to determine the optimal reaction conditions. In addition, we explored the substrate generality and observed excellent yields.

Kinetically controlled, high-yield, direct synthesis of [Au_(25)(SePh)_(18)]^-TOA^+

In this article, we present a facile, direct, synthetic approach of preparing monodisperse [Au2s（SePh）ls]- nanoclusters in high yield. In this synthetic approach, two-phase Brust-Schiffrin method is used. Both PhSeH and NaBH4 should be added drop-wise to the solution of Au （III） at the same time. The formula and molecular purity of [Au25（SePh）ls] TOA＋ clusters are characterized by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, NMR and TGA analysis. Furthermore, some critical parameters to obtain pure [Au25（SePh）18]-TOA＋ are identified, including the NaBH4-to-Au ratio, the selenolate-to-Au ratio and the temperature. The facile, direct, high yield synthetic method can be widely applied in the theoretical research of Au clusters protected by selenol.